三苯基膦和三甲基氯硅烷直接引发丙烯酸乙酯的基团转移聚合研究

在催化剂溴化锌存在下 ,三苯基膦和三甲基氯硅烷用于直接引发丙烯酸乙酯的基团转移聚合 ,得到了含三苯基膦端基的聚丙烯酸乙酯 ,在这样的聚合系统中能容易地实施丙烯酸乙酯的基团转移聚合反应。动力学研究发现 :终止反应在很大程度上取决于催化剂溴化锌的浓度 ,因此 ,在此基团转移聚合反应中催化剂溴化锌的最有效浓度是丙烯酸乙酯的摩尔浓度的 12～ 16%。由于四价的三苯膦基团引入到所生成的烯酮硅基缩醛 (引发剂 )上 ,聚合的终止反应主要是经过膦叶立德中间体 ,活性端基烯酮硅基缩醛异构化成为无基团转移聚合活性的含碳硅键化合物。     

水玻璃的贮存和组分的变化

本文采用三甲基硅烷化-气相色谱法(简称TMS-GC法),利用有机单活性基团((CH_3)_3Si-)与水玻璃中硅酸离子活性端基(≡Si-OH或≡Si-O~-)反应,使之变成惰性端基(≡Si-O-Si(CH_3)_3)以防止硅酸的聚合,从而测得了水玻璃中硅酸物种的真实分布.实验结果表明:水玻璃是单硅、二硅、三硅等硅酸的混合物,在放置过程中,其组分发生改变,单硅的含量降低,聚硅的含量升降不一,其变化情况与水玻璃的模数(SiO_2/Na_2O的摩尔数之比)以及浓度(以SiO_2％计)等因素密切相关.     

有机环硅胺的开环聚合

有机环硅氧烷,例如八甲基环四硅氧烷,在碱性或酸性催化剂作用下开环聚合的反应n[(CH_3)_2SiO]_4→[(CH_3)_2SiO]_(4n)是工业上合成有机硅高分子材料的基本反应。有机环硅胺,例如八甲基环四硅胺[(CH_3)_2SiNH]_4,也是一种     

芳香叔胺引发丙烯腈光聚合的引发机理

芳香叔胺引发丙烯腈(AN)光聚合是通过形成激基复合物(exciPlex)进行的。紫外光谱和荧光光谱表明,芳香叔胺在基态可以和AN形成电荷转移复合物(CTC),而在激发态可和AN形成exciplc(称定域激发)。CTC经光照亦可激发(称CTC激发)。 定域激发引起光聚合速率为CH_3C_6H_4N(CH_3)_2>C_6H_5N(CH_3)_2>HOCH_2·C_6H_4N(CH_3)_2>CH_3C_6H_4N(CH_2CH_2OH)_2,与芳胺荧光被AN淬灭的Stern-Vo-lmer常数顺序一致。CTC激发引起的光聚合顺序为:CH_3C_6H_4N(CH_3)_2>CH_3C_6H_4N(CH_2CH_2OH)_2>HOCH_2C_6H_4N(CH_3)_2>C_6H_5N(CH_3)_2,与芳胺上取代基推电子能力一致。端基分析表明聚合物有芳胺端基。     

1,3-双(氯硅烷基)丙烷与活泼金属作用的偶联环化产物的研究

1,3-双(烃基氯硅烷基)丙烷Cl_(3-m)R_mSi(CH_2)_3SiR’_nCl_(3-n)的合成及其与水、氨(胺)、硫化氢的反应已有较详尽的报道,但与活泼金属作用的偶联环化反应则涉及较少。我们分别以钾-钠合金、金属锂对1,3-双(二烃基氯硅烷基)丙烷进行偶联环化,合成了五个新的非对称1,1,2-三甲基-2-烃基-1,2-二硅杂环戊烷类化合物(1a～     

高分子化Si桥联茂金属催化剂的合成及其催化乙烯聚合反应

合成了硅桥上含乙烯基团的硅桥联茂金属催化剂[(CH_2=CH)CH_3Si(C_5H_4) _2]ZrCl_2 (3)，并通过IR, ~1H NMR对化合物进行了表征，3在AIBN的引发下与苯 乙烯共聚形成高分子化的茂金属催化剂4。研究了3和4对乙烯聚合的能力，考察了 n(Al)/n(Zr)'温度对催化剂活性的影响。     

层状α-Zr(HPO_4)_2·H_2O交联过程的研究

以有机硅CH_3Si(OC_2H_5)_3和NH_2(CH_2)_3Si(OC_2H_5)_3为交联剂,对层状化合物α-Zr(HPO_4)_2·H_2O进行交联,经灼烧分别得到2种不同层间距的层柱型分子筛SiO_2-Zr(HPO_4)_2。用XRD、GC、NMR等方法对交联反应过程进行了研究,结果表明,交联剂在反应过程中发生水解、缩聚。某种聚合态硅选择性地嵌入α-Zr(HPO_4)_2·H_2O层间。     

苯烷基、对氯甲基苯烷基硅化合物的合成及其聚合物的热稳定性研究

通过相应烯烃的硅氢化反应,合成了-(CH_2)_n-SiX_3(n=2,3,4;X=Cl.OCH_3)及ClCH_2-(CH_2)_NSiX_3(n=2.3;X=Cl.OCH_3)等两类新型有机硅化合物.比较了它们水解缩聚产物的热稳定性.结果表明,所合成的两类硅单体均具预定的化学结构.在H_2PtCl_6-P(C_6H_5)_3的催化下,硅氢化反应系按反-马尔可夫尼科夫规则进行.另外,这两类有机硅单体的水解缩聚产物的热稳定性与芳基的位置(β、γ或δ位)有关而以在β位的为最高.     

等离子体引发聚合制备共聚醚及其锂盐配合物的离子电导性

为改善梳形聚醚-聚甲基丙烯酸甲氧基多缩乙二醇酯[P(CH_1=C(CH_3)CO(OCH_2CH_2)_nOCH_3),n=8,22,分子量分别为400,1000,简称PMEO_8,PMEO2_(22)的力学性能,作者曾用等离子体引发聚合代替自由基引发聚合制备了PMEO_8,PMEO_(22)及其与丙烯酰胺(AM),甲基丙烯酰胺(MA)的共聚物,取得了较满意的结果。为系统地研究     

高分子化学课程中若干论题的进展

高分子化学课程中下列五个论题被加以修正和补充:(1)1,2-二取代乙烯单体的聚合;(2)乙烯基单体聚合时的键连方式;(3)自由基聚合的自动加速;(4)引发转移和引发转移终止剂;(5)氢转移聚合和基因转移聚合。     

基团转移聚合单体引发活性研究

<正> 基团转移聚合(GTP)是Webster等发现的一种合成高分子的新手段,能在相当温和的条件下进行,能成功地控制聚合过程及产物的微观结构,从而达到控制产品性能的目的。因此在高分子设计方面具有重要的地位。 适用于GTP的单体目前主要有三类:丙烯腈,丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯类化合物。本文使用三种活性不同的引发剂:1-甲氧基-1-三甲基硅氧基-2-甲基丙烯[Me_2C=     

ATRP合成星型聚4-乙烯基二苯乙烯及性能研究

本文以2-溴异丁酸季戊四醇四酯(PT-Br)为引发剂,CuBr为催化剂,五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)为配体,引发荧光单体4-乙烯基二苯乙烯(VS)进行原子转移自由基聚合,合成了星型荧光聚合物,且分子量分布较窄(1.37～1.50).通过与线性聚4-乙烯基二苯乙烯(line-PVS)的性能比较,发现星型聚4-乙烯基二苯乙烯的溶液粘度和玻璃化转变温度都相对较低.另外,还通过荧光光谱对星型聚合物的光学性能进行了表征.     

Low Concentration Limitations of Catalyst and Conventional Free Radical Polymerization in ICAR ATRP of Butyl Methacrylate With PMDETA as the Ligand

Low concentration limitations of the catalyst and conventional free radical polymerization are investigated in the system of initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP) of butyl methacrylate (BMA), in which 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is used as a reducing agent, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as a ligand, copper bromide (CuBr₂) as a catalyst and ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as an initiator. Results show that conventional radical polymerization happens in the early stage of the ICAR ATRP of BMA when the amounts of AIBN are 3～25 times of the catalyst. And with the increase of the conversion, the BMA polymerization solely conducts the controlled radical polymerization (CRP). The low concentration limitations (based on monomer) of the catalyst required in ICAR ATRP of BMA with good controllability are found to be closely related to the molar ratio of initiator to catalyst, which is determined by the stability of the catalyst/ligand complex. The smaller molar ratio of initiator to catalyst allows lower concentration limitations of the catalyst.     

Kinetic Modeling of ICAR ATRP

Kinetic modeling is used to better understand and optimize initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP). The polymerization conditions are adjusted as a function of the ATRP catalyst reactivity for two monomers, methyl methacrylate and styrene. In order to prepare a well‐controlled ICAR ATRP process with a low catalyst amount (ppm level), a sufficiently low initial concentration of conventional radical initiator relative to the initial ATRP initiator is required. In some cases, stepwise addition of a conventional radical initiator is needed to reach high conversion. Under such conditions, the equilibrium of the activation/deactivation process for macromolecular species can be established already at low conversion.

     

三氟化硼引发四氢呋喃聚合的研究——Ⅲ.以环氧丙烷为促进剂

<正> 在前报中已证明当用三氟化硼引发四氢呋喃(THF)聚合时,以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)为促进剂效果远较用环氧乙烷(EO)的效果好,在相近的浓度条件下,前者引发效率约为后者的2.5—6倍.本文将进一步对以环氧丙烷(PO)为促进剂的聚合反应进行研究。通过对产物组成与结构的测定,加深了对反应的了解。     

离子液体中单电子转移活性自由基聚合法制备星形聚丙烯酰胺

以季戊四醇为原料,合成了2,2-二溴甲基-1,3-二溴丙烷(PEBr4),并以此为四官能度引发剂,Cu0粉/三-(2-二甲氨基乙基)胺(Me6-TREN)为催化体系,在离子液体中实现了丙烯酰胺(AM)的单电子转移活性自由基聚合(SET-LRP),得到了窄分子量分布的星形聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),Mw/Mn约为1.26(MGPCn=14.1×103,转化率为43.4%)。 采用1H NMR对PAM结构进行表征确认,并采用GPC测定了PAM的分子量及分子量分布;考察了水、单体/催化剂(引发剂)配比对聚合反应的影响。 结果表明,少量水的加入能够加快聚合反应,使链增长速率常数由kappp=0.042 4 h-1增加至kappp=0.148 6 h-1;催化剂、引发剂用量越大,AM的SET-LRP的聚合反应速率越快,聚合反应的可控性越好,Mn随催化剂用量的增大及引发剂用量的减小而增大,且与理论分子量相近,分子量分布均呈下降趋势。     

Light‐induced controlled free radical polymerization of methacrylates using iron‐based photocatalyst in visible light

A novel visible light mediated catalytic system based on low cost iron complex, that is, Fe(bpy)₃(PF)₆ photocatalyst that initiates and control the free radical polymerization of methacrylates using ethyl α‐bromoisobutyrate (EBriB) as an initiator and 20 watt LED as light source is developed. The polymerization is initiated with turning the light on and immediately terminated by turning the light off. In addition, the molecular weight of polymer can be varied by changing the ratio of monomer and initiator. The merits of the present methodology lie in the use of low cost less precious, highly abundant iron‐based photocatalyst, avoidance of sacrificial donor and need of lower catalyst amount under visible light. The optimum amount of catalyst and initiator were established and successful polymerization of various methacrylates was achieved under the optimized polymerization conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 2739–2746     

KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF PHASE TRANSFER CATALYZED FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL ACRYLATE

The kinetics of free radical polymerization of methylacrylate (MA) was investigated using benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC) as phase transfer catalyst and potassium peroxydisulfate as initiator at aconstant temperature, 60°C, in an inert atmosphere under unstirred condition. The effect of concentrations of the monomer, initiator and the catalyst on polymerization was discussed and a mechanism of polymerization has been proposed. The order with respect to the monomer, initiator, and phase transfer catalyst was found to be 2, 0.5, and 0.5, respectively.     

Tetramethylguanidino‐tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine: A novel ligand for copper‐based atom transfer radical polymerization

With CuBr/tetramethylguanidino‐tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TMG₃‐TREN) as the catalyst, the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate, n‐butyl acrylate, styrene, and acrylonitrile was conducted. The catalyst concentration of 0.5 equiv with respect to the initiator was enough to prepare well‐defined poly(methyl methacrylate) in bulk from methyl methacrylate monomer. For ATRP of n‐butyl acrylate, the catalyst behaved in a manner similar to that reported for CuBr/tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine. A minimum of 0.05 equiv of the catalyst with respect to the initiator was required to synthesize the homopolymer of the desired molecular weight and low polydispersity at the ambient temperature. In the case of styrene, ATRP with this catalyst occurred only when a 1:1 catalyst/initiator ratio was used in the presence of Cu(0) in ethylene carbonate. The polymerization of acrylonitrile with CuBr/TMG₃‐TREN was conducted successfully with a catalyst concentration of 50% with respect to the initiator in ethylene carbonate. End‐group analysis for the determination of the high degree of functionality of the homopolymers synthesized by the new catalyst was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The isotactic parameter calculated for each system indicated that the homopolymers were predominantly syndiotactic, signifying that the tacticity remained the same, as already reported for ATRP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5906–5922, 2005     

Synthesis of Reactive-Ended Acrylic Polymers by Group Transfer Polymerization: Initiation with Silyl Ketene Acetals

Living methacrylate polymers are obtained at room temperature and above by initiation with ketene silyl acetals in the presence of a soluble bifluoride catalyst. During the polymerization, a trialkylsilyl group is transferred from the living chain end to incoming monomer. The new procedure has thus been named group transfer polymerization (GTP). Monodisperse polymers with predetermined molecular weights as high as 100,000 can be obtained by adjusting the monomer/initiator ratio. Telechelic poly(methyl methacrylate) with hydroxy or carboxy ends can be obtained by using an initiator containing a protected hydroxy or carboxy group and coupling the resulting living polymer.