Polydopamine (PDA)-based nanoreactors have shown exceptional promise as multifunctional materials due to their nanoscale dimensions and sub-microliter volumes for reactions of different systems. Biocompatibility, abundance of active sites, and excellent photothermal conversion have facilitated their extensive use in bioscience and energy storage/conversion. This minireview summarizes recent advances in PDA-based nanoreactors, as applied to the abovementioned fields. We first highlight the design and synthesis of functional PDA-based nanoreactors with structural and compositional diversity. Special emphasis in bioscience has been given to drug/protein delivery, photothermal therapy, and antibacterial properties, while for energy-related applications, the focus is on electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, and solar energy harvesting. In addition, perspectives on pressing challenges and future research opportunities regarding PDA-based nanoreactors are discussed.The structural and compositional diversity of PDA-based nanoreactors has triggered fast development of their applications in bioscience and energy fields. 相似文献
As a novel class of catalytic materials, hollow nanoreactors offer new opportunities for improving catalytic performance owing to their higher controllability on molecular kinetic behavior. Nevertheless, to achieve controllable catalysis with specific purposes, the catalytic mechanism occurring inside hollow nanoreactors remains to be further understood. In this context, this Review presents a focused discussion about the basic concept of hollow nanoreactors, the underlying theory for hollow nanoreactor-driven kinetics, and the intrinsic correlation between key structural parameters of hollow nanoreactors and molecular kinetic behaviors. We aim to provide in-depth insights into understanding kinetics occurred within typical hollow nanoreactors. The perspectives proposed in this paper may contribute to the development of the fundamental theoretical framework of hollow nanoreactor-driven catalysis. 相似文献
With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, various types of functional nanoreactors have been designed for diverse applications. Here, the recent evolution of the rational design of nanoreactors for chemical synthesis and biomedical applications are briefly summarized and discussed. The presence of nanoreactors provides constrained space isolated from the surrounding environment. Scientists are committed to studying changes in chemical reactions when the reaction system is confined to the nanosized space. Nanoreactors accelerate the reaction rate and even change mechanism of some chemical reactions. Cells and organelles as natural nanoreactors are also discussed. The development of intracellular synthesis makes it possible to realize various applications in biomedicine. The challenges on the rational design of nanoreactors and perspectives are also discussed. 相似文献
Sol-gel porous materials with tailored or nanostructured cavities have been increasingly used as nanoreactors for the enhancement of reactions between entrapped chemical reactants. The domains of applications issued from these designs and engineering are extremely wide. This tutorial review will focus on one of these domains, in particular on optical chemical sensors, which are the subject of extensive research and development in environment, industry and health. 相似文献
Hydrophilic polymeric nanoparticles are synthesized through a Bergman cyclization‐ mediated intramolecular chain collapse of structurally well‐defined linear polymers, and then used as size‐tunable nanoreactors to fabricate and encapsulate quantum dots in a one‐pot reaction. Crystalline quantum dots are formed in all of these nanoreactors and visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Smaller nanoreactors produce one quantum dot each while larger nanoreactors form a number, resulting in fluorescence quenching. By controlling the molecular weight of the linear polymer precursor, a variable number of nanocrystals are fabricated and assembled in a single nanoreactor. 相似文献
Metal nanoparticles of various size and shape are prepared by the reduction of metal precursors in polymer micellar architectures (nanoreactors). The nanoreactors are developed from the amphiphilic invertible polyesters solved over a wide concentration range in solvents that strongly differ in polarity. In a non‐polar medium, the micelle core contains hydrophilic [poly(ethylene oxide)] fragments, which acts as a reducing agent of metal ions. Nanoparticle stabilization occurs because of the presence of hydrophobic (polymethylene) fragments outside of the micelle structure. The size and shape of the nanoreactors may be altered by the polyester composition and molecular weight as well as by the solvent polarity and concentration of the amphiphilic polyester.
Mimicking the structures and functions of cells to create artificial organelles has spurred the development of efficient strategies for production of hollow nanoreactors with biomimetic catalytic functions. However, such structure are challenging to fabricate and are thus rarely reported. We report the design of hollow nanoreactors with hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) and spatially loaded metal nanoparticles. Starting from a molecular-level design strategy, well-defined hollow multishelled structure phenolic resins (HoMS-PR) and carbon (HoMS-C) submicron particles were accurately constructed. HoMS-C serves as an excellent, versatile platform, owing to its tunable properties with tailored functional sites for achieving precise spatial location of metal nanoparticles, internally encapsulated (Pd@HoMS-C) or externally supported (Pd/HoMS-C). Impressively, the combination of the delicate nanoarchitecture and spatially loaded metal nanoparticles endow the pair of nanoreactors with size–shape-selective molecular recognition properties in catalytic semihydrogenation, including high activity and selectivity of Pd@HoMS-C for small aliphatic substrates and Pd/HoMS-C for large aromatic substrates. Theoretical calculations provide insight into the pair of nanoreactors with distinct behaviors due to the differences in energy barrier of substrate adsorption. This work provides guidance on the rational design and accurate construction of hollow nanoreactors with precisely located active sites and a finely modulated microenvironment by mimicking the functions of cells. 相似文献
Yolk/shell or 'rattle-typed' nanomaterials with nanoparticle cores inside hollow shells are interesting among the complex hollow nanostructures. Yolk/shell nanoparticles (YSNs) are promising functional nanomaterials for a variety of applications such as catalysis, delivery, lithium-ion batteries and biosensors due to their tailorability and functionality in both the cores and hollow shells. This feature article provides an overview of advances in this exciting area of YSNs, covering systematic synthesis approaches and key promising applications based on the literature and our own recent work. We present some strategies for the synthesis of YSNs with controllable sizes, compositions, geometries, structures and functionalities. Applications of these new materials in a wide range of potential areas are discussed including nanoreactors, biomedicine and lithium-ion batteries. Promising future directions of this active research field are also highlighted. 相似文献
Metal–incorporated composite carbon materials have engendered great progress in the fields of catalysis, energy storage and material science because of their size and chemical and physical properties. In this study, a modern technique was applied for the development of multi metal–carbon nanoreactors (MCNRs) from a pristine carbon cage (CC) using template method with nano silica ball (NSB), pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) and metal nanocrystals such as gold, copper, nickel, potassium and manganese. The newly prepared Au, Cu, Ni, K and Mn deposited carbon nanoreactors were fully characterized by various analytical techniques. Due to their easy fabrication protocols and broad potential applications, the MCNRs were used successfully for the chemisorptions of hydrogen and ethylene gases alongside the solvent–free heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of a secondary alcohol. The MCNRs have exhibited dynamic adsorption performance and excellent catalytic activity. 相似文献