线性聚合物链的m级相互作用近似

导出了线性聚合物链ｍ级相互作用近似统计权重矩阵的递推公式,它满足构象统计的矩阵代数法所要求的连接条件。按作为四元组转动的Ｃ－Ｃ键旋转角的函数计算了正庚烷的构象能。研究了聚乙烯（ＰＥ）链由相隔六键的原子间所施加的四级相互作用对均方末端距和均方回转半径的特征比的影响,结果表明考虑四级相互作用,ＰＥ键的特征比要比三级相互作用近似的小。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合溶剂体系Ⅲ.——在苯-庚烷中的偶极矩

带有极性侧基的高分子链,其偶极矩的计算与末端距的计算极为相似。高分子链的均方末端距值受链段间的远程相互作用和链段与溶剂分子间的相互作用(溶剂化)影响甚大,因     

聚亚甲基链的温度系数

本文采用旋转异构态模型,考虑排斥体积效应,用 Monte Carlo模拟方法计算了聚亚甲基高分子链的温度系数dln/dT。考虑排斥体积的聚亚甲基链的温度系数大于无扰聚亚甲基链的温度系数,并更接近实验值。     

聚硅氧烷侧基极性对链均方偶极矩的影响

为了改进无机高分子链偶极矩的计算,在旋转异构态模型和生成矩阵统计方法基础上,导出了可以同时考虑骨架键和侧基极性的均方偶极矩公式,应用于对称和不对称聚硅氧烷高分子链的偶极矩构象构型统计性质的分析,及聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)链、聚甲基苯基硅氧烷(PMPS)链是否考虑侧基极性的偶极矩比较。计算结果表明,PDMS的偶极矩特征比值0.36与实验结果一致,它大于忽略侧基极矩的特征比值约46%,均方偶极矩温度系数为1.29×10-3K-1,无规聚甲基苯基硅氧烷链(50%i-PMPS)的均方偶极矩特征比和温度系数分别为0.61和1.73×10-3K-1.不考虑侧基极性的均方偶极矩特征比与PDMS不考虑侧基时趋于同样的值0.20.对PMPS偶极矩与链规整性关系研究发现,PMPS间同链的均方偶极矩要大于全同和无规链,而全同链温度系数最大.均方偶极矩对一级相互作用能的依赖程度依次按间同链、无规和全同链顺序增加,而间同和全同链均方偶极矩受二级相互作用能的影响要大于无规链.     

聚硅烷链形状的Monte Carlo研究

用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法对θ溶液中考虑二级相互作用的聚硅烷链的形状进行了研究。结果表明聚硅烷链的形状明显偏离球形，它与链长有关，长链极限的比值＜Ｌ２１＞∶＜Ｌ２２＞∶＜Ｌ２３＞约为１∶２．７∶１２．１。还发现聚硅烷链转动惯量的最长主轴与末端距矢量之间夹角的统计平均值＜θ＞的极限值约为２７°。     

聚氧乙烯链构象性质的三级相互作用近似

基于旋转异构态近似模型 ,用半经验势函数计算了聚氧乙烯 (POE)链在三级相互作用下构象能 ,并用三级相互作用近似下的统计权重矩阵方法计算了POE链的特征比、偶极矩比等构象性质 .结果表明 ,当考虑了三级相互作用时 ,计算结果和实验值符合得比较好 ,与由二级相互作用近似得到的结果相比 ,在很大程度上得到了改善     

聚[芳基二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯]分子间激基缔合作用的研究

合成了聚[2,6-萘二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯](1)和聚[对苯二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯](2);研究了它们在溶液和本体中的荧光光谱;论证了链间和链内非相邻生色团间有激基缔合作用存在。观察了聚合物1由稀到浓的氯仿溶液的激基缔合物荧光强度与单生色团荧光强度比值的变化,得到溶液中高分子线团的动态接触浓度C_s=0.26g/dL;亚浓区到浓区的转变浓度C~+=7g/dL。在聚合物1的本体中得到基态芳环层叠缔合物直接激发到激基缔合物的实验证据。     

几种聚合物分子间激基缔合作用的研究

作者合成并纯化了聚[对苯二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯](PPTMGTP)、聚[2、6-萘二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯](PPTMGNDC)和聚[2,6-萘二甲酸(环氧丙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚二醇)酯](PCPEGNDC)等三个新聚合物,测定了它们的凝胶渗透色谱和数均分子量,对它们在良溶剂和不良溶剂溶液中的荧光进行了研究, 严格地用实验证明了PPTMGTP溶液中链内非相邻激基缔合作用的存在, 进一步以链内非相邻攀基缔合作用为探针研究了高分子在溶液中的形态随溶剂和浓度的变化, 用激基缔合物荧光相对强度的浓度依赖性测出高分子线团开始感觉到邻近有其它线团存在而收缩的浓度C_s(PPTMGNDC氯仿溶液的C_s = 2.61×10^-3g/ml, PPTMGNDC乙酸乙醋溶液的C_s =4.0×10^-2g/ml)。首次提出用C.划分高分子溶液稀浓区和亚浓区的界限的新欢点,以链内非相邻和链间激基缔合作用为探针确定了高分子溶液链段空间密度趋于均一的浓度C⁺(PPTMGNDC级仿溶液C⁺ = 7.02×10^-2g/ml),认为C⁺是高分子溶液由亚浓区到浓区的转变浓度。     

2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷衍生物的合成及自由基开环聚合

本文报道了四种2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷类单体:4-甲基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(Ⅱ)、4,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(Ⅳ)、5,5-二甲基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(Ⅵ)和5,5-二乙基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(V Ⅲ)的合成以及自由基开环聚合。结果表明,上述单体在聚合过程中出现异构化开环现象。Ⅲ和Ⅳ的甲基位置在环上氧原子的α-碳原子上时,显示对异构化反应的影响比Ⅵ及Ⅷ的甲基和乙基在β-碳原子上时更显著。上述现象与异构化开环形成仲碳自由基中间体的倾向更大有关。 Ⅳ在苯溶液中及过氧化二叔丁基存在下,120℃反应,得到全部是聚-δ-戊内酯骨架结构的聚合物。提出了一种合成聚-δ-戊内酯类链结构的聚酯的新的途径和方法。     

叶立德活性聚合制备基于聚亚甲基的大分子单体

利用叶立德活性聚合方法制备了两种基于聚亚甲基的大分子单体. 其中一种是以叶立德活性聚合制备的主链链端含有羟基的聚亚甲基(PM-OH)为原料, 通过链端羟基的基团转换, 得到链端含有甲基丙烯酸酯基的大分子单体. 另一种则是以硼烷-四氢呋喃(BH₃-THF)和二乙烯基苯反应得到的三烷基硼中间体为催化剂和引发剂, 然后进行叶立德活性聚合, 再经过二水合氧化三甲胺(TAO)的氧化, 最终得到基于聚亚甲基的一端含有羟基另一端含有苯乙烯基的大分子单体. 通过高温核磁氢谱、傅立叶红外光谱和高温凝胶色谱法表征了这两种大分子单体的链结构和分子量及其分布.     

Performance evaluation of third-order thermodynamic perturbation theory and comparison with existing liquid state theories

To evaluate the performance of a recently proposed third-order thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT), we employ the third TPT for calculation of thermodynamic properties such as compressibility factor, internal energy, excess chemical potential, gas-liquid coexistence curve, and critical properties of several fluids. By comparing the third-order TPT results with corresponding simulation data available in literature and supplied in the present report and theoretical results from several other theoretical approaches, one concludes that the third-order TPT is, in general, more accurate than other approaches such as Barker-Henderson second-order TPT using a macroscopic compressibility approximation (MCA-TPT), self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approach, Monte Carlo perturbation theory, and a specially devised equation of state. Specifically, the third-order TPT can predict quantitatively a double critical phenomena of gas-liquid transition and a low-density liquid (LDL)-high-density liquid (HDL) transition associated with a soft core (SC) potential fluid very satisfactorily, but the predictions for the LDL-HDL transition based on the second-order MCA-TPT are quantitatively very bad or qualitatively incorrect. The failure of the second-order MCA-TPT for the SC fluid can be ascribed to the facts that for the SC potential the second-order and third-order terms of the perturbation expansion are not small quantities and that the second-order term is underestimated by the MCA. It is concluded that the present third-order version of the TPT is reliable for varying model fluids.     

On the relativistic theory of NMR chemical shifts

A relativistic analogue to Ramsey's theory of NMR chemical shifts is formulated. Four-component spinor one-electron wavefunctions and relativistic magnetic hamiltonians are used. In contrast to the third-order Pauli approximation theory of Nakagawa et al., the main relativistic effects are then included in the usual second-order theory.     

Power series expansion of the random phase approximation correlation energy: The role of the third- and higher-order contributions

We derive a power expansion of the correlation energy of weakly bound systems within the random phase approximation (RPA), in terms of the Coulomb interaction operator, and we show that the asymptotic limit of the second- and third-order terms yields the van der Waals (vdW) dispersion energy terms derived by Zaremba-Kohn and Axilrod-Teller within perturbation theory. We then show that the use of the second-order expansion of the RPA correlation energy results in rather inaccurate binding energy curves for weakly bonded systems, and discuss the implications of our findings for the development of approximate vdW density functionals. We also assess the accuracy of different exchange energy functionals used in the derivation of vdW density functionals.     

Correlated calculations of indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants using second-order polarization propagator approximations: SOPPA and SOPPA(CCSD)

We present correlated calculations of the indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants of HD, HF, H₂O, CH₄, C₂H₂, BH, AlH, CO and N₂ at the level of the second-order polarization propagator approximation (SOPPA) and the second-order polarization propagator approximation with coupled-cluster singles and doubles amplitudes – SOPPA(CCSD). Attention is given to the effect of the so-called W ₄ term, which has not been included in previous SOPPA spin-spin coupling constant studies of these molecules. Large sets of Gaussian basis functions, optimized for the calculation of indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants, were used instead of the in general rather small basis sets used in previous studies. We find that for nearly all couplings the SOPPA(CCSD) method performs better than SOPPA. Received: 6 July 1998 / Accepted: 8 September 1998 / Published online: 23 November 1998     

Structural properties of a model system with effective interparticle interaction potential applicable in modeling of complex fluids

We report grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and theoretical studies of the structural properties of a model system described by an effective interparticle interaction potential, which incorporates basic interaction terms used in modeling of various complex fluids composed of mesoscopic particles dispersed in a solvent bath. The MC results for the bulk radial distribution function are employed to test the validity of the hard-sphere bridge function in combination with a modified hypernetted chain approximation (MHNC) in closing the Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) integral equation, while the MC data for the density profiles in different inhomogeneous environments are used to assess the validity of the third-order+second-order perturbation density functional theory (DFT). We found satisfactory agreement between the results predicted by the pure theories and simulation data, which classifies the proposed theoretical approaches as convenient tools for the investigation of complex fluids. The present investigation indicates that the bridge function approximation and density functional approximation, which are traditionally used for the study of neutral atomic fluids, also perform well for complex fluids only on condition that the underlying effective potentials include a highly repulsive core as an ingredient.     

Configuration-Dependent properties of the poly(dimethylsilmethylene) chain in the third-order interaction approximation

On the basis of rotational isomeric state theory, first-order, second-order, and third-order conformation energies E_σ, E_ω and E_φi respecively, are calculated for poly(dimethylsilmethylene) (CH₂—Si(CH₃)₂)_x using the Lennard–Jones potential function. With the third-order interaction included, the characteristic ratios and temperature coefficients 〈R²〉₀ and 〈μ²〉₀ are obtained: These results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data previously reported. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Third-order interaction approximation for linear polymer chains

Third-order interactions imposed by a pair of atoms separated by five bonds are taken into account in computations of the mean-square end-to-end distance and the mean-square radius of gyration for linear polymer chains. The statistical weight matrices are established on the basis of the rotational isomeric state model. The conformational energy of n-hexane is calculated as a function of the C? C bond rotation angles. The third-order interaction energy is obtained by comparison with that of n-pentane. The characteristic ratio of polymethylene is 6.6 in the third-order interaction approximation, which is in agreement with experimental data.