Neodymium lasers with fiber-optic reflectors

The lasingin an Nd:YAG laser with a fiber-optic reflector in the form of a loop was experimentally investigated. Two designs of the laser with a fiber-optic loop reflector were considered. In the laser of the first type the reflector was formed by a fragment of a fiber guide the ends of which were placed in the focal plane of a microscope objective. In the laser of the second type the role of the output mirror was played by a loop-shaped fiber-optic reflector made on the basis of a V-shaped fused three-fiber splitter. It is shown that when such lasers operate in the regime of free-running lasing, in them there takes place the effect of nonlinear conversion of the generated radiation frequency in the Stokes and anti-Stokes regions of the spectrum. Institute of Applied Optics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 11, Belynitskii-Birulya Str., Mogilev, 212793, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 259–262, March–April, 1999.     

Large aperture multi-pass amplifiers for high peak power lasers

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the optimal conditions whereby amplification using the Extraction During Pumping (EDP) technique can deliver up to four times more energy than a conventional amplifier. The existence of an optimal combination of incident pump fluence and pump area is shown. This allows kJ level energy extraction with existing technology.     

高功率固体激光驱动器的优化设计

扼要介绍了高功率固体激光系统物理设计中的一些基本概念 ,并阐述了系统优化设计的主要方法。针对神光 原型装置的物理设计 ,提出了其能流分布设计优化的判据和设计的限制条件 ,给出了原型装置主放大级的初步优化设计结果。     

Construction and operation of high power gas lasers

In the present paper some typical gas laser construction and their performances will be described. Aspects of transition selective systems and high pressure operation will be treated.     

Diode-pumped passively mode-locked lasers with high average power

We discuss challenges arising from the quest for high average powers from passively mode-locked diode-pumped lasers. The recently obtained detailed understanding of Q-switching instabilities in passively mode-locked lasers turns out to be a crucial element on the way towards higher powers. We give an overview on results achieved with Nd:YAG (10.7 W, 16 ps and 27 W, 19 ps), Yb:YAG (8.1 W, 2.2 ps and 16 W, 0.7 ps) and Nd:glass (1.4 W, 275 fs).     

高功率光纤激光器二级抽运技术的理论分析

从理论上分析了高功率光纤激光器直接抽运和二级抽运的斜率效率和热管理问题. 计算结果表明:波长为975 nm的激光直接抽运产生波长为1070 nm的激光时,理论斜率效率为80%,但当抽运光功率为10 kW时,在强制水冷条件下纤芯极值温度也难以降到150 ℃以下;在二级抽运技术中,波长为1018 nm的激光抽运产生波长为1070 nm的激光时,若采用传统的包层抽运技术,其斜率效率不足20%,如果抽运功率填充因子由0.0025提高到0.1,则理论上斜率效率可由18.5%提高到80.9%,从而总斜率效率由15.5 关键词： 二级抽运 功率填充因子 斜率效率 热管理     

A new passive non-linear output coupler for mode-locked high power lasers

A new passive method for output coupling of energy from a high-power mode-locked laser is described. The method is based on the optical Kerr effect. The transmittance of the device, which can be chosen by suitable design, is a non-linear function of the intensity inside the laser cavity. The method makes it possible to obtain a single picosecond pulse in a passive way.     

碱蒸气激光半导体泵浦源谱宽压窄

笑脸效应严重制约大功率半导体激光器输出谱宽压窄。为避免笑脸效应,以中心波长780 nm单宽面源大功率半导体激光器为研究对象,利用利特曼外腔结构,优化外腔参数,在激光器自由运转19 W时,获得11.5 W、外腔效率达61%的窄线宽输出。将窄线宽输出激光通过长25 cm, 80 kPa乙烷、110 ℃的铷池,96.7%的泵浦光被吸收,通过与理论模型对比,推断半导体激光器的输出谱宽为15 GHz(0.03 nm)。     

碱蒸气激光半导体泵浦源谱宽压窄

 笑脸效应严重制约大功率半导体激光器输出谱宽压窄。为避免笑脸效应,以中心波长780 nm单宽面源大功率半导体激光器为研究对象,利用利特曼外腔结构,优化外腔参数,在激光器自由运转19 W时,获得11.5 W、外腔效率达61%的窄线宽输出。将窄线宽输出激光通过长25 cm, 80 kPa乙烷、110 ℃的铷池,96.7%的泵浦光被吸收,通过与理论模型对比,推断半导体激光器的输出谱宽为15 GHz(0.03 nm)。     

Realization of high performance LDA-systems using optical amplifiers, high power semiconductor lasers and optical fiber lasers

Advanced novel techniques for sophisticated LDA applications are presented in this paper. By applying laser sources with high output powers like MOPA-lasers (master oscillator power amplifier), fiber lasers and booster fiber amplifiers to increase the laser power in the measuring volume and by amplifying the scattered light power with optical fiber preamplifiers to increase the sensitivity of the receiving units, the signal-to-noise-ratio of laser Doppler signals is drastically improved and the overall performance of a laser Doppler anemometer is significantly enhanced.     

掺镱双包层高功率光纤激光器热效应的理论研究

 针对高功率掺镱双包层光纤激光器（DCFL）的热效应,由热传导方程并借助速率方程模型导出温度分布的解析解,研究了泵浦方式和泵浦吸收系数对DCFL腔内温度的影响。结果表明：温度沿径向的变化与轴向相比可以忽略;采用传统端面泵浦会导致DCFL局部温度过高,实际中应使用两端对称泵浦方式;而减小泵浦吸收系数虽可改善温度特性但会降低系统的输出功率。进一步分析得出,综合采用分段泵浦方式和不均匀泵浦吸收系数可实现温度分布和输出功率的最佳匹配。     

掺镱双包层高功率光纤激光器热效应的理论研究

针对高功率掺镱双包层光纤激光器（DCFL）的热效应,由热传导方程并借助速率方程模型导出温度分布的解析解,研究了泵浦方式和泵浦吸收系数对DCFL腔内温度的影响。结果表明：温度沿径向的变化与轴向相比可以忽略;采用传统端面泵浦会导致DCFL局部温度过高,实际中应使用两端对称泵浦方式;而减小泵浦吸收系数虽可改善温度特性但会降低系统的输出功率。进一步分析得出,综合采用分段泵浦方式和不均匀泵浦吸收系数可实现温度分布和输出功率的最佳匹配。     

Compensation of thermal effects in Faraday isolator for high average power lasers

A Faraday isolator system with external compensation of thermally induced birefringence was investigated for the case when optical components of the Faraday isolator and the compensator are made of different materials. Simultaneous reduction of thermally induced depolarization and thermal lens in the Faraday isolator based on a TGG crystal was demonstrated experimentally for the first time using an Sm:CaF₂ crystal. A method of compensating thermally induced birefringence without reciprocal polarization rotator was described theoretically and demonstrated in experiments for the first time. It was used as a basis for a new scheme of Faraday isolator with external compensation of thermally induced birefringence.     

The low-frequency electrical noise as reliability estimation for high power semiconductor lasers

The low-frequency electrical noise of 980 nm InGaAsP/InGaAs/GaAlAs double quantum well (DQW) high power semiconductor lasers (LDs) is measured when the devices are in conducting state and in unconducting state. The correlation between the noise and device reliability is discussed. The results indicate that there is a good relation between the noise and device reliability for most devices. The devices with higher noise are usually unreliable whether the device is in conducting state or in unconducting state.     

A global design of high power Nd-Yb co-doped fiber lasers

A global optimization method - niche hybrid genetic algorithm (NHGA) based on fitness sharing and elite replacement is applied to optimize Nd³⁺-Yb³⁺ co-doped fiber lasers (NYDFLs) for obtaining maximum signal output power. With a objective function and different pumping powers, five critical parameters (the fiber length, L; the proportion of pump power for pumping Nd³⁺, η; Nd³⁺ and Yb³⁺ concentrations, N_Nd and N_Yb and output mirror reflectivity, R_out) of the given NYDFLs are optimized by solving the rate and power propagation equations. Results show that dividing equally the input pump power among 808 nm (Nd³⁺) and 940 nm (Yb³⁺) is not an optimal choice and the pump power of Nd³⁺ ions should be kept around 10-13.78% of the total pump power. Three optimal schemes are obtained by NHGA and the highest slope efficiency of the laser is able to reach 80.1%.     

Chaotic and periodic emission of high power solid state lasers

Nonlinear, dynamical systems even with a few degrees of freedom may show chaotic or periodic behaviour, depending on the parameters of the system. Recently it was demonstrated, both experimentally and theoretically, that the temporal emission of a laser can become chaotic, if several longitudinal modes oscillate [Brunner and Paul (1983), and Abraham et al. (1982)]. The chaotic emission is caused by the nonlinear interaction of the modes and the longitudinal gain structure [Komtomtseva et al. (1982)]. In this paper it is pointed out that the transverse mode structure and the radial gain profile produced by the transversal modes, may give rise to temporal instabilities of the laser emission. If the relevant parameters of the laser oscillator — Fresnel number, resonator losses, pump rate — exceed certain critical values, the output intensity becomes unstable. The damped relaxation oscillation changes into undamped periodic oscillation or, with increasing values of the above parameters, into chaotic emission. The theory, using the nonlinear Kirchhoff-Fresnel integral equation and the rate equation approach, is confirmed by experimental results.     

强激光反射镜基体材料的热畸变特性有限元分析

利用有限元方法数值模拟了单晶硅（Si）、铜（Cu）、钨(W)、氧化铍(BeO)等镜体材料的热畸变特性。结果表明：当入射激光功率为2 kW、镜面反射率为93%、光斑直径为17 mm、激光照射时间为10 s时,四种材料基板的中心最大热变形分别为0.984,3.32,1.55,1.88 μm。相比之下,Si镜的热变形最小,是比较理想的镜体材料;Cu镜的热变形最大;W和BeO两种材料的镜热变形介于Si镜和Cu镜之间,具有较高的强度和硬度,抗破坏能力较强。     

高功率激光宽光谱减反膜的溶胶-凝胶旋转法制备工艺

 采用溶胶-凝胶法用旋转镀膜工艺在K9玻璃基片上制备出了SiO₂和有机硅单层减反膜以及有机硅-SiO₂双层减反膜。考察了旋转速度对SiO₂和有机硅单层膜的中心透射波长、膜层折射率等基本光学性质的影响，实验确定了双层膜的涂敷工艺。透射光谱测量表明，采用本文工艺条件制备的有机硅 SiO₂双层膜在430～800nm范围内透射率达99％以上。