层状介质时域有限差分方法斜入射平面波引入新方式

应用二维时域有限差分方法分析层状介质中的目标散射时,在总场-散射场边界斜入射平面波源用常规方法难以引入,因为在总场-散射场边界处设置的入射波实际上包含了入射脉冲以及各分层界面的反射和多次反射.为解决这个问题,提出了斜入射平面波的混合引入方式,即对总场-散射场的四个边界面采取不同的处理方式.对于总场-散射场的纵向侧边界,用含有斜入射角度的修正一维时域有限差分方法,只要在自由空间位置加入入射脉冲就会自行产生由各分层界面形成的反射波,包括多次反射.同时,把纵向总场-散射场侧边界向下延伸,使得总场-散射场下边界位于完全匹配层内,这样透射波和散射波均为外向行波而被吸收.对于总场-散射场的上边界,由于完全位于自由空间中,边界上各点的入射波将是总场-散射场纵向边界角点处入射波的带有时间延迟的复制.数值模拟结果表明了本文所提出方法的正确性和有效性. 关键词： 时域有限差分 层状介质 斜入射平面波 修正一维麦克斯韦方程     

斜入射分层线性各向异性等离子体电磁散射时域有限差分方法分析

提出了斜入射分层线性各向异性等离子体电磁散射的时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,通过将二维麦克斯韦方程等价地转换为一维麦克斯韦方程,避免了用二维时域有限差分方法分析该散射问题,极大地提高了计算效率.分析推导了TEz和TMz波斜入射线性分层各向异性等离子体电磁散射的FDTD方法,然后通过该方法计算不同入射角的各向异性等离子板的电磁波反射系数,并与其解析解进行比较,结果表明该方法的准确性和有效性.最后,将该算法应用于计算涂覆分层各向异性等离子体金属板在不同入射角下的反射系数,分析了不同入射角对反射系数的影响.     

一种计算分层半空间上方导线瞬态响应的新方法

提出了一种将时域积分方程(time domain integral equation, TDIE)方法和时域有限差分(finite differnce time domain, FDTD)方法相结合计算分层有耗半空间上方导线瞬态电磁响应的新方法.其中,一维FDTD方法用于计算入射电磁波经分层半空间反射的时域波形.TDIE用于求解细导线在加入两个激励源(直接入射电磁波和经分层半空间反射的电磁波)时的瞬态响应.相关计算理论和数值模拟结果说明了本文方法是一种解决了分层有耗介质上方水平放置导线瞬态响应的高效解决方案. 关键词： 时域积分方程 时域有限差分 细导线 分层半空间     

一种计算和分析二维光子晶体缺陷模式的方法

通过改进时域有限差分(FDTD)法,计算和分析了二维光子晶体的缺陷模式。运用一维时域有限差分算法和线性插值法在总场散射场(TF-SF)连接边界引入入射平面波,采用完全匹配层(PML)技术对外行波进行了有效吸收。计算和分析结果表明,在光子晶体非对称方向入射的平面波能激发所有的缺陷模式,选取合适的探测点位置收集电场值,经快速傅里叶变换(FFT)能得到所有的共振峰值。另外,采用该方法研究了二维正方介质柱光子晶体缺陷模的共振频率与缺陷介质柱半径和介电常量之间的关系。结果表明通过改变缺陷的半径和介电常量大小可以在光子晶体禁带中一定的范围内调节缺陷模式的共振频率大小。     

脉冲平面波斜入射旋转对称体电磁散射的FDTD算法

提出一种应用时域有限差分算法求解脉冲平面波斜入射时旋转对称体散射问题的方法.对斜入射脉冲平面波在圆柱坐标系下进行分解、应用总场/散射场连接边界、PML吸收边界条件.通过与矩量法分析结果的比较,验证了该方法的有效性.     

红外区二维光子晶体偏振分光镜透射谱分析

采用时域有限差分（Finite-Difference Time-Domain,FDTD）法模拟了垂直入射红外波段二维光子晶体偏振分光镜的透射谱,从而验证了用平面波展开方法计算的二维光子晶体能带结构.用电子束蒸发方法在光栅基板上制备了Ge/BaF2多层膜,实现了二维光子晶体偏振分光镜.实验初步证明了这种光子晶体在垂直入射时具有偏振特性,分析了实验结果与理论计算之间偏差的产生原因.     

基于辛Runge-Kutta-Nystrom方法的雷达散射截面计算

从基本的差分概念和Maxwell方程出发, 引入电磁场方程的Hamilton函数.提出一种基于Runge-Kutta-Nystrom辛算法的高阶时域有限差分方法，该方法保持了系统的相空间体积不变和总能量不变，并导出了迭代公式.在此基础上计算了一种金属圆柱的雷达散射截面.计算结果表明该方法的正确性及快速、精确的特性. 关键词： 雷达散射截面 高阶算法 辛Runge-Kutta-Nystrom方法 时域有限差分     

基于时域有限差分法的液晶光学特性模拟

研究了模拟光在液晶中传播的时域有限差分(FDTD)法。该方法采用完全匹配层吸收边界条件来截断计算区域,通过独立计算总场区域与散射场区域的左连接边界和右连接边界上的入射场场值来实现非周期结构的平面波波源引入,并提出了分裂场一维辅助FDTD方法来计算含有非均匀各向异性介质的边界上的入射场场值。实现了平面波源入射下具有非周期结构的液晶器件光学特性计算。对开态下扭曲向列相液晶盒的仿真结果表明,30°入射时散射区透射率的最大泄漏误差小于3%,可知该方法对非周期、非均匀各向异性介质光学特性分析是有效的。     

分层有耗手征介质中斜入射电磁波的传播矩阵

根据相位匹配条件,推导了平面电磁波斜入射情形下分层有耗手征介质中本征波复数波矢量的实部和虚部,二者方向不同使得在介质中传播的本征波为非均匀平面波.然后通过波矢量实部确定了介质中本征波的折射角.最后根据边界条件和本征波场方程给出了分层有耗手征介质中斜入射电磁波的传播矩阵,该传播矩阵可用于解析分析任意入射角情形下分层手征介质的反射透射和电波传播特性.     

任意形状金属腔体内电磁脉冲的三维计算

提出了模拟任意形状腔体中的内电磁脉冲的三维直角坐标系时域有限差分(FDTD)算法。该算法采用FDTD共形网格技术模拟任意形状腔体的边界,可以解决腔体内非对称的边界问题。推导了射线斜入射的差分方程,进行了三维数值计算,并采用直角坐标系FDTD算法和柱坐标系FDTD算法计算了射线斜入射圆柱腔体产生的内电磁脉冲,二者吻合很好,验证了直角坐标系FDTD算法正确性。     

Groundwave propagation over horizontally layered anisotropic media

Expressions for the surface impedance and admittance, and the corresponding Fresnel reflection coefficients are derived for uniform plane TM and TE waves which are obliquely incident upon plane layered anisotropic media. The permittivity and permabi-lity tensors of each layer are assumed to be symmetric, and the propagation vector of the incident wave lies in one of the planes of anisotropy. The results can be used directly in well known formulas for groundwave propagation over isotropic media, and so there is no need to rederive these formulas for the various horizontal or vertical, electrical or magnetic dipole sources. The effect of the anisotropy upon the wave tilt is also discussed.     

电磁波在横向分层不均匀介质上的反射与透射的解析研究

对平面电磁波入射到横向分层不均匀介质上时的情形，麦克斯韦方程组可简化成马丢（Ｍａｔｈｉｅｕ）方程和希尔（Ｈｉｌ）方程，据此可获得透射波和反射波场的解析表达式。从所获得的解我们得知，介质的非均匀性可改变入射波的强度分布和偏振状态，这种改变取决于多种因素，比如介质非均匀的具体形式，入射波的入射和偏振方向等；反射波的强度分布可被也可不被改变，取决于波和介质的参数     

Anomalous absorption by multi-layered media

Recent studies have shown that an anomalously strong absorption occurs if a plane wave is incident on specialized layered configurations that exhibit slight losses. By studying the reflectance properties of multi-layered media, we show that such effects may occur in all structures that support leaky waves. This result implies that total or nearly total absorption of energy is possible in a much broader class of layered configurations than was recognized hitherto.     

Electromagnetic wave refraction on the interface of absorptive and transparent isotropic media and non-resonant excitation of surface waves

New formulae for the angles of refraction at the interface of the absorbing/transparent isotropic media are derived from Maxwell's equations. Using the time-averaged Poynting vector for the direction of the beam of light, the noncoincidence of incidence and refraction planes is predicted for the mixed polarization of incident wave. The angle between the refracted beam and incidence plane is especially large for the condition of non-resonant excitation of surface electromagnetic waves at a flat interface of absorptive-transparent media.     

Reflexion und Brechung des Lichtes an der Grenzebene zwischen zwei anisotropen Medien

Reflection and Refraction of Light at the Boundary Plane between Two Anisotropic Media Relations for the amplitudes in the case of reflection and refraction of plane monochromatic waves at the boundary plane between two arbitrarily anisotropic media are derived from Maxwell equations with invariant methods. Solutions are represented with use of the refraction vectors and of the polarization vectors for the electric field. From the general solution of the problem the following essentially more simple special cases are obtained: 1. normal incidence, 2. optic axis in direction of the incident or reflected wave, 3. parallel and normal polarization of the partial waves in both media relatively to the plane of incidence.     

雪层覆盖地面电磁散射的矩量法

为实现分层介质粗糙面电磁散射的矩量法研究,给出一种分层介质粗糙面电磁积分方程的区域分解方法.将格林定理应用于粗糙面所分的各子空间,结合波动方程和格林函数推导分层粗糙面的电磁积分方程,利用矩量法对其进行离散,数值计算得到雪层覆盖地面散射系数的角分布曲线,其中,粗糙表面由一维带限Weierstrass分形谱和Monte Carlo方法模拟.通过与时域有限差分法数值结果的比对,验证该方法的准确性,并分析散射系数随雪和地面参数、介质参数以及入射波参数的变化,获得了较完整的散射特征.     

Propagation of guided elastic waves in 2D phononic crystals

The phononic band structure of two-dimensional phononic guides is numerically studied. A plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the dispersion relations of guided elastic waves in these periodic media, including 2D phononic plates and thin layered periodic arrangements. We show that, for any guided elastic wave, Lamb or generalised Lamb modes, stop bands appear in the dispersion curves, displaying a phononic band structure in both cases.     

Analysis of plasma sheath propagation attenuation based on ray tracing

Based on the complex Snell's law of lossy media, a ray tracing method is proposed to study the propagation attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves in plasma sheaths. The plasma sheath is modelled as layered media. This method considers the complex ray characteristics of inhomogeneous plane EM waves, tracks the propagation rays of EM waves in each layer of media, and calculates the propagation attenuation of EM waves in each layer of media according to the propagation direction of the complex rays. The attenuation during numerical cumulative propagation is the total attenuation of EM waves through the plasma sheath. By comparing the results with that obtained from the WKB method, the accuracy of the ray tracing algorithm is proved. The results of the propagation attenuation of a blunt cone model are calculated by the proposed method, and the effects of different parameters on the EM wave propagation attenuation in the plasma sheath are analysed at different heights, velocities, incident angles, and incident positions. Studying the propagation characteristics of EM waves in the plasma sheath is of importance in application for radar target tracking, blackout communication, and other issues.     

高斯分层介质粗糙面光波透射问题的微扰法研究

运用微扰法研究平面波入射分层介质粗糙面的光波透射问题,推出了不同极化状态的透射光波散射系数公式。采用高斯粗糙面来模拟实际的分层介质粗糙面,结合高斯粗糙面的功率谱导出了平面波入射高斯分层介质粗糙面的透射系数计算公式。通过数值计算得到HH极化透射系数随透射光波散射角变化的曲线,讨论底层介质介电常数、中间介质介电常数和厚度、粗糙面参数及入射光波长对透射系数的影响。数值计算结果表明：底层介质介电常数、中间介质介电常数和厚度、粗糙面参数及入射光波长对透射系数的影响是非常复杂的。     

Numerical solutionsfor acoustic Rayleigh wave problems in anisotropic and layered media

A finite difference iterative formulation which has already been applied successfully to acoustic surface wave scattering problems in homogeneous and layered isotropic as well as non-linear media, is extended to cover Rayleigh type mode propagation in anisotropic materials. The transmission, reflection and conversion into bulk modes of Rayleigh waves are studied as a function of relative step height. The waves are incident normally at upward and downward step discontinuities formed by the sudden termination of an uniform aluminium layer on a semi-infinite fused quartz substrate. In terms of the severity of Rayleigh wave scattering, the layered upward step has the most drastic effects, followed by the layered downward and the homogeneous downward steps respectively. Rayleigh wave scattering at a break in a layered waveguide is discussed.