Electrodeposition of cobalt-sulfide nanosheets film as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

In this communication, we report the development of cobalt-sulfide nanosheets film on Ti mesh (Co-S/Ti mesh) via electrodeposition as a novel oxygen evolution anode in basic media. Electrochemical experiments suggest that this Co-S/Ti mesh electrode exhibits high catalytic activity and good stability. It needs overpotential of 361 mV to drive current density of 10 mA cm^− 2 and its catalytic activity is maintained for at least 20 h.     

Cuprous oxide nanoparticles dispersed on reduced graphene oxide as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Cuprous oxide (Cu(2)O) nanoparticles dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were prepared by reducing copper acetate supported on graphite oxide using diethylene glycol as both solvent and reducing agent. The Cu(2)O/RGO composite exhibits excellent catalytic activity and remarkable tolerance to methanol and CO in the oxygen reduction reaction.     

Graphene oxide decorated bimetal (MnNi) oxide nanoflakes used as an electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media

Precious non-noble metals have been constantly attracting research attention in order to realize an inexpensive, extra active and more stable electrocatalysts in terms of various oxidation states and structures for their applications in oxidation (splitting) of water. In the present work graphene oxide incorporated, MnO₂-NiO composite metal oxide nanoflakes were synthesized on the stainless steel substrate using efficient electrodeposition route in alkaline media and drop casting method with further annealing treatment at 400 °C for 4 h. Initially MnO₂-NiO nanoflakes were deposited using different cyclic sweep rates, later graphene oxide suspension was drop casted on the MnO₂-NiO nanoflakes and subsequently subjected to annealing at 200 °C for 2 h. The prepared electrode material is denoted as GO/MnO₂-NiO/SS and used as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Energy dispersive electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to study the crystalline nature and morphologies of the deposited films. The electrochemical properties of the electrode material were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The electrode exhibits low overpotential and small Tafel slope of 379 mV and 47.84 mVdec⁻¹ at the current density of 10 mA cm⁻² in alkaline (KOH) medium. In addition, the electrode shows a long time stability of 28800 s. Hence, the present study suggests that the GO incorporated Mn-Ni bimetal oxide modified electrode is suitable electrode material for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), owing to its facile preparation, inexpensive, easy handling and high active nature.     

三维百合花状的CoNi2S4作为先进的双功能电催化剂用于氢析出和氧析出反应

为简化电解水催化剂的合成过程和优化电解水操作系统, 双功能电解水催化剂的研究, 特别是在碱性条件下同时具有优异催化氢析出和氧析出反应性能的双功能电催化剂的研究尤为重要. 其中, 过渡金属硫化物, 特别是 CoNi 硫化物, 被报道有与氢化酶类似的催化活性中心, 从而具有优异的催化氢析出和催化氧析出反应性能. 虽然有关对过渡金属硫化物的研究很多, 但主要集中在具有一维纳米线和二维纳米片形貌结构的过渡金属硫化物. 不幸的是, 这些形貌结构的过渡金属硫化物在电催化过程中容易聚集和受限于电荷传输能力. 三维纳米结构的材料具有较大的比表面积以分布更多的活性位点和拥有良好的电子传输能力, 所以, 开发三维纳米结构的过渡金属硫化物材料可能是改进其催化电解水性能的一个好途径. 本文采用简单的两步水热法, 通过硫化合成的 CoNi 前体得到了长于泡沫镍上的三维百合花状的 CoNi2S4(Co-Ni2S4/Ni). 它只需要 54 mV 的过电位即可获得 10 mA cm-2的催化氢析出反应电流, 是最好的碱性催化氢析出反应电极材料之一. 它在驱动 100 mA cm-2的催化氧析出反应电流时也只需要 328 mV 的过电位. 另外, 把 CoNi2S4/Ni 分别作为阴极和阳极组装成双电极碱性水电解槽时, 它只需要 1.56 V 的电压即可获取 10 mA cm-2的催化全电解水电流并具有良好的催化全电解水稳定性.扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和 N2吸脱附曲线测试结果表明, 该三维百合花状的 CoNi2S4/Ni 的表面粗糙度高和拥有多孔特性. 多孔结构的 CoNi2S4/Ni 可提供更多可接触的催化活性位点, 也有利于催化过程中的电解质和生成的气体的扩散与传递. 交流阻抗图谱测试结果表明, CoNi2S4/Ni 具有良好的电子传输能力. 另外, 不同于前期对尖晶石结构的硫化物 AB2S4的研究结果, XPS 结果表明, CoNi2S4/Ni 中含有 Niб+和 Sб-活性物种, 表明 CoNi2S4具有与活性氢化酶类似的活 性中心. Niδ+和 Sδ-可分别作为氢氧根和质子的接收体, 协助促进吸附的水分子的分离, 从而提高材料的催化性能. 所以, Niδ+和 Sδ-活性物种的出现, 大比表面积的三维百合花状多孔结构和良好的电荷传输能力等特性集合于 CoNi2S4/Ni 上使得CoNi2S4/Ni 具有优异的催化氢析出和催化氧析出反应性能.     

CoP/Co_2P/C纳米材料用于全pH值电催化析氢

在氮气下一步退火含有植酸和钴的前驱体,合成了一种新型的CoP/Co2P/C复合纳米材料作为电催化剂,该催化剂在全pH值范围下表现出优异的电催化析氢活性和稳定性.在0.5mol/L的硫酸中,电流密度为10mA/cm~2时,过电位为135mV.在1mol/L KOH溶液中,CoP/Co_2P/C催化剂需要141 mV的过电位才能使电流密度达到10 mA/cm~2,在0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,需要155mV的过电位才能使电流密度达到10mA/cm~2.这种优异的析氢活性主要归因于CoP/Co_2P纳米粒子和C层之间的协同作用.     

Lanthanum selenite,La2(SeO3)3

Hydro­thermally prepared La₂(SeO₃)₃ contains a three‐dimensional network of LaO₁₀ polyhedra [d_av(La—O) = 2.622 (3) Å] and SeO₃ pyramids [d_av(Se—O) = 1.691 (3) Å]. One of the SeO₃ pyramids is in a general position and the other has crystallographic m symmetry. There are pseudo‐channels in the [010] direction which are probably associated with the Se^IV lone pairs.     

A novel ball-in-ball hollow oxygen-incorporating cobalt sulfide spheres as high-efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Transition-metal chalcogenides with hollow nanostructure,especially cobalt sulfides,are considered as the most pro mising non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen evolution reactio n.However,it is difficult to synthesize oxygen-containing cobalt sulphides with hollow structure due to the different physical/chemical properties between metal sulfides and metal cobalts.Herein,we report a novel oxygencontaining amorphous cobalt sulfide ball-in-ball hollow sphere s(Co-S-O BBHS) synthesized by an anion exchange method.Taking advantage of the ball-in-ball hollow structure,the amorphous Co-S-O BBHS shows supe rior oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalytic performance with a low overpotentiat of285 mV at 10 mA/cm~2,small Tafel slope of 49.67 mV/dec,high Faraday efficiency of 96%,and satisfied durability.Experiments and DFT calculations demonstrate that the introduction of oxygen and sulfur modulates the electronic structure of Co-S-O BBHS,thus enhancing the adsorption of *0(adsorbed 0 species on catalyst surface) intermediate,which greatly boosts the catalytic activity towards OER.This work provides a new strategy for controllable synthe sis of complex hollow structures of transition-metal chalcogenides for OER.     

Effect of TiO2/reduced graphene oxide composite thin film as a blocking layer on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The objective of the present work was to study the change in efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells due to introduction of a thin blocking composite...     

Surface modified graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite for enhanced hydrogen gas barrier film

A series of novel polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified graphene oxide (PEI-mGO) filled poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite (PEI-mGO/PVA) films were prepared by solution-casing for hydrogen gas barrier applications. Hydrophilic PEI was used to simultaneously reduce and modify graphene oxide sheets, thereby facilitating a homogeneous dispersion of PEI-mGO in the PVA matrix. The effects of PEI-mGO on the morphology and properties of the nanocomposite films were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Analogous GO/PVA composites were also prepared and characterized for comparative purposes. The PEI-mGO/PVA nanocomposites showed higher thermal and mechanical stability as well as remarkable improvement in hydrogen gas barrier properties compared to the PVA film; specifically, the PEI-mGO/PVA film having 3.0 wt% of PEI-mGO content exhibited almost 95% decrease in GTR and permeability values compared to PVA film.     

One-step synthesis of an octahedral Mn3O4/rGO composite for use as an electrocatalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The development of low-cost, high-performance, non-precious-metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highly desirable. In this work, a...     

钴基类沸石咪唑酯框架材料衍生的析氧反应活性催化剂（英文）

析氧反应(OER)在能量转换和储存技术中扮演着重要角色,例如在水分解和金属空气电池中,电催化剂的发展是主要任务.本文采用钴基的类沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIFs)作为前驱体,在氩气保护气氛下,成功制备了氮掺杂钴镍磷多孔碳多面体电催化剂(CoNiP/NC).首先,采用ZIF-67作为前驱体,将ZIF-67和六水合硝酸镍按照一定比例在乙醇溶液中搅拌30 min,达到掺杂镍的目的,然后将其在不同温度下煅烧,得到的样品在300 oC氩气保护气氛下磷化,得到最终产物.所有电催化剂均通过控制碳化和磷化作用温度获得.通过对样品ZIF-67Ni进行EDS分析,证明镍成功负载到ZIF-67上,XPS结果也证明了这一点.由扫描电镜图可以看出,前驱体ZIF-67在负载Ni之后,样品表面形貌发生明显变化,表面变得粗糙,有明显的条文.磷化后样品的XRD结果说明磷化方法是成功的,同时XPS结果表明样品中有P元素存在.从扫描电镜图片可以明显看出,样品在煅烧之后表面形貌发生明显变化,由棱角明显变为表面粗糙,但是并未发生明显的团聚现象.XPS显示,样品CoNiP/NC700(700指煅烧温度(oC))中存在钴、镍、磷、碳、氮、氧这六种元素,另外还分析了其高分辨图.结果显示,电催化剂CoNiP/NC700表现出优越的电催化效率,在碱性溶液的电流密度10 mA/cm~2条件下,其开路电压约为220 mV,过电位约为300 mV.掺杂镍之后的样品性能比煅烧ZIF-67的样品好,说明镍对于提高析氧反应效率有益;同样,磷化之后样品的OER性能也有所提高.相比较而言,对于磷化之后的样品,煅烧温度是700℃时,OER催化效率最好.磷化杂化材料优越的电催化活性是由于其强的电子耦合相互作用而产生的协同效应,在镍、磷、碳等方面具有较强的协同效应.相互联系的非定形碳不仅固定了活性碳化合物以避免聚集,而且还为电子转移提供了传导通道.对样品CoNiP/NC700进行了稳定性测试,结果表明其稳定性较好,在循环10 h之后,活性仅下降了4%.这一研究表明,该复合电催化剂可能是电催化氧化反应的一个很有前景的候选催化剂.     

氧还原和析氧反应的双功能电催化剂--氮磷共掺碳负载四氧化三钴

金属-空气电池具备诸多优势,譬如绿色环保、能量转化率高、启动快速、能量密度高、使用寿命和干态存储时间长等.与燃料电池相比,金属-空气电池结构简单,放电电压平稳,成本低,但依然存在一些制约发展的问题,如阴极催化剂.阴极催化剂在金属-空气电池中发挥催化氧还原反应(oxygen reduction reaction, ORR)和析氧反应(oxygen evolution reac-tion, OER)的关键作用.铂及其合金常用作 ORR的单功能催化剂,而钌和铱等是目前 OER催化效率最高的,但 ORR活性很低,因此需要开发出一种廉价而又具备双功能催化作用的催化剂.单异原子掺杂的碳基催化剂的研究集中在 ORR催化性能上,而多异原子共掺碳最近有研究表明具有双催化氧的性质,如氮磷共掺碳.在这些氮磷共掺的碳架中,氮磷共掺物起着 OER催化作用,掺氮物为 ORR催化的活性位点,而掺磷物起着强化作用.异原子掺杂负载的钴基催化剂(如掺氮还原氧化石墨烯载 Co3O4)是近年来双功能催化剂研究的另一个热点.钴基催化剂有着催化 ORR和 OER的多价价态,然而其本身导电性能差,这一缺陷可通过杂化石墨化碳来弥补,石墨化碳有着优良的导电性能.据我们所知,目前仍没有关于氮磷共掺碳负载的 Co3O4双催化氧的研究.我们合成了氮磷共掺碳(NPC)负载的 Co3O4(Co3O4/NPC),并首次探索了其氧还原和析氧性能. Co3O4/NPC合成分两步进行.首先通过三聚氰胺与植酸之间的酯化或缩聚覆盖在导电炭黑颗粒表面,在保护气氛下焙烧得到 NPC,然后经溶剂热反应以及空气中氧化合成 Co3O4/NPC.催化剂的性能综合考虑了催化活性和稳定性两方面.采用线性扫描伏安法评估了 OER和 ORR的催化活性.对于 OER, Co3O4/NPC的起始电势是0.54 V (以饱和甘汞电极为参比电极),在0.80 V时电流密度达到21.95 mA/cm2,均优于 Co3O4/C和 NPC. Co3O4/NPC的高效 OER催化可归因于氮磷共掺物与 Co3O4之间的协同作用.对于 ORR, Co3O4/NPC的催化效率与商用 Pt/C相近,它们的扩散极限电流密度分别为–4.49和–4.76 mA/cm2(E =–0.80 V).在 ORR过程中, Co3O4起到主要的催化作用.采用计时电流(电流-时间)法评估了催化剂的稳定性.经6 h测定,对于 OER, Co3O4/NPC剩46%电流;而对于 ORR,剩95%电流.整体而言, Co3O4/NPC在 OER和 ORR中都表现出高的催化效率以及良好的稳定性.     

Modification of palladium–copper thin film by reduced graphene oxide or platinum as catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions

This study describes the synthesis of PdCu, PdCu/reduced graphene oxide and PtPdCu nanoparticle thin films via a simple reduction of organometallic precursors including [PtCl₂(cod)] and [PdCl₂(cod)] (cod = cis ,cis ‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene) complexes, in the presence of [Cu(acac)₂] (acac = acetylacetonate) complex at toluene–water interface. The structure and morphology of the thin films were characterized using energy‐dispersive analysis of X‐rays, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Our studies show that all of these nanoparticles are suitable for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (SMC) reaction in water. PtPdCu and PdCu thin films showed higher catalytic activity compared to Pd thin film in the SMC reaction due to the appropriate interaction among palladium, platinum and copper metals.     

Nitrogen-enriched carbon powder prepared by ball-milling of graphene oxide with melamine: an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

A simple strategy for the production of an efficient platinumfree electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction was demonstrated. Nitrogen-enriched carbon powder was synthesized by a solid-phase method consisting of grinding graphene oxide and melamine in a planetary ball mill without any solvents and high-temperature processing. Based on XPS and IR spectroscopy data, it was assumed that the high electrocatalytic activity of the obtained material is due to the presence of nitrogen atoms and quinone groups on its surface.     

Flower-like NiCo2S4/NiFeP/NF composite material as an effective electrocatalyst with high overall water splitting performance

Rational design and building of high efficiency, secure and inexpensive electrocatalyst is a pressing demand and performance to promote sustainable improvement of hydrogen energy. The bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution response (HER) with high catalytic performance and steadiness in the equal electrolyte are extra treasured and meaningful. Herein, a unique three-dimensional (3D) structure electrocatalyst for NiCo₂S₄ growing on the flower-like NiFeP was designed and synthesized in this study. The results show that the flower-like NiCo₂S₄/NiFeP/NF composite electrocatalyst has large specific surface area, appropriate electrical conductivity, and greater lively websites uncovered in the three-dimensional structure, and affords extraordinary electrocatalytic overall performance for the ordinary water splitting. In alkaline solution, the OER and HER overpotentials of NiCo₂S₄/NiFeP/NF only need 293 mV and 205 mV overpotential to provide the current densities of 100 mA/cm² and 50 mA/cm², respectively. This high electrocatalytic activity exceeds the catalytic activity of most nickel-iron based electrocatalysts for OER and HER process. Accordingly, the optimized NiCo₂S₄/NiFeP/NF sample has higher stability (24 h) at 1.560 and 10 mA/cm², which extensively speeds up the overall water splitting process. In view of the above performance, this work offers a fine approach for the further improvement of low fee and excessive effectivity electrocatalyst.     

Self-sacrificial template method to MnO2 microspheres as highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - ε-MnO2 microspheres have been synthesized using a self-sacrificial template method by annealing MnCO3 microspheres. The transformation process from...     

Layer-by-layer thin film of reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles as an effective sample plate in laser-induced desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

This work demonstrated a simple platform for rapid and effective surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF MS) measurements based on the layer structure of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanoparticles. A multi-layer thin film was fabricated by alternate layer-by-layer depositions of rGO and gold nanoparticles (LBL rGO/AuNP). The flat and clean two-dimensional film was served as the sample plate and also functioned as the matrix in SALDI-TOF MS. By simply one-step deposition of analytes onto the LBL rGO/AuNP sample plate, the MS measurements of various homogeneous samples were ready to execute. The optimization of MS signal was reached by the variation of the layer numbers of rGO and gold nanoparticles. Also, the small molecules including amino acids, carbohydrates and peptides were successfully analyzed in SALDI-TOF MS using the LBL rGO/AuNP sample plate. The results showed that the signal intensity, S N⁻¹ ratio and reproducibility of SALDI-TOF spectra have been significantly improved in comparison to the uses of gold nanoparticles or α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (CHCA) as the assisted matrixes. Taking the advantages of the unique properties of rGO and gold nanoparticles, the ready-to-use MS sample plate, which could absorb and dissipate laser energy to analytes quite efficiently and homogeneously, has shown great commercial potentials for MS applications.     

Lanthanum(III) complex as ferromagnetic supraprecursor for preparation of La2O3 nanoparticles by thermal decomposition method

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A metal–organic framework lanthanum(III) complex with formula ([La(pydc)2(H2O)3]·4H2O)n (1), where pydc?=?pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid,...