多孔氧化镍薄膜的制备及其超级电容器性能

以氟掺杂的SnO₂导电玻璃(FTO)为基底,通过水热法与高温煅烧法相结合成功制备出多孔氧化镍薄膜。 通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、晶体粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术手段对所制备NiO进行了物相组成、表面形貌及元素价态的表征。 在6 mol/L KOH电解液中,采用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电对NiO薄膜电化学性能进行了研究。 结果表明,在电流密度为2 A/g时,NiO薄膜的比电容可达651.6 F/g,循环1000圈后其电容保留值可达71.6%,是理想的超级电容器电极材料。     

粉末多孔镍电极电化学阻抗谱及其数学模型

镍电极反应动力学在大多情况下是受固态质子扩散过程控制的，以此为出发点建立了具有明确物理意义的镍电极电阻抗谱（ＥＩＳ）的数学模型，并以该模型为基础，讨论了一些模型参数如双电层电容Ｃｄ１，质子扩散系数Ｄ及活性物质粒子半径ｒ０等改变，电极的不同荷电状态及多孔镍电极中的传质过程对镍电阻阻抗谱的影响，理论模型较好地解释了一些实验结果。     

粉末多孔镍电极电化学阻抗谱及其数学模型

镍电极反应动力学在大多情况下是受固态质子扩散过程控制的，以此为出发点建立了具有明确物理意义的镍电极电化学阻抗谱（EIS）的数学模型．并以该模型为基础，讨论了一些模型参数如双电层电容C（d1）、质子扩散系数D及活性物质位于半径γ0等的改变，电极的不同行电状态以及多孔镍电极中的传质过程对镍电极阻抗谱的影响．理论模型较好地解释了一些实验结果．     

热溶液中Nafion膜电极电化学分析法测定偶氮二甲酰胺

基于偶氮二甲酰胺在热溶液中的高溶解度及其与Nafion膜电极的静电作用,建立了偶氮二甲酰胺的电化学分析法.考察了偶氮二甲酰胺溶解度的温度效应,研究了偶氮二甲酰胺在Nafion膜电极上还原反应的机理.利用热溶液中偶氮二甲酰胺在Nafion膜电极上的伏安响应,用差分脉冲伏安法测定了面粉中的偶氮二甲酰胺含量.在水浴恒温80℃、pH 6.0的实验条件和优化的测试参数下,Nafion膜电极的电流响应与偶氮二甲酰胺的浓度在0.93～ 10.5 μg/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.58 μg/L(S/N=3),对实际样品测定的相对标准偏差小于5.9％,回收率为95.8％ ～ 104.0％,氨基脲和呋喃西林不干扰偶氮二甲酰胺的测定.     

酞菁镍-表面活性剂薄膜修饰电极及其催化性能的研究

将酞菁镍(NiPc)掺入阳离子表面活性剂双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)的氯仿溶液中,并涂布于热解石墨电极表面,待氯仿挥发后制得NiPc-DDAB薄膜电极。循环伏安实验表明,在KBr溶液中,该薄膜电极有两对良好且稳定的还原氧化峰,第一对峰的E_pc1=-0.64V,E_pa1=-0.60V(vs.SCE);第二对峰的E_pc2=-0.84V,E_pa2=-0.80V,本文着重探讨了第二对峰的电化学行为,估计了该体系的电化学参数如电子扩散系数De和非均相电极反应速率常数k^0'.该薄膜电极可用于催化各种卤代乙酸的电化学还原,用多种表面分析技术对该薄膜进行了表征。     

掺锰镍电极电化学性能

采用共沉淀法在一定温度、pH值和搅拌速度下合成了掺锰氢氧化镍活性材料。对合成产品进行了X射线衍射分析和电化学性能分析。XRD分析表明,掺锰氢氧化镍形成了α和β混合相的晶体结构。通过对其进行充放电测试,结果表明,氢氧化镍活性材料中添加适量的锰有利于提高镍电极的电化学性能。研究结果表明,当锰摩尔分数为10%时,镍电极的充电平台最低,析氧平台提高;放电平台较高,在1.2V以上,放电态电阻较小,放电比容量达到243.21mA·h/g;由于添加锰元素可能形成了部分α-Ni(OH)2,使摩尔镍电子转移数较大,接近1。对添加锰的镍电极进行多次循环测试表明其循环性能较好,容量稳定。     

纳米尺度TiO2微粒多孔膜电极光电化学

用光电流作用谱、光电流-电势图和瞬态光电流谱等光电化学方法研究了TiO2多孔膜电极在含不同氧化还原体系的电解质溶液中的光电转换过程.结果说明TiO2多孔股为n-型半导体，其禁带宽度为3.26eV.当在电解质溶液中加入醌二苯酸（BQ／HQ），TiO2多孔膜电极的光电流作用谱形基本与没加氧化还原对时类似。在可见光区的光电流拖尾是由于醌被光激发，然后给出电子到TiO2多孔膜导带而产生阳极光电流.而在电解质溶液中加入Fe（CN）3-6-／4-时，TiO2多孔膜电极的光电流作用谱有明显的改变.除了在小于380nm短波区有光电流峰外，还在400-600nm的可见光区观察到宽的光电流峰，大大增加了光电流转换效率.同时在小于-0.2V下为阳极光电流，在-0.2V～0.3V电势区间为明显阴极光电流，在大于0.3V下可观察到较弱的阳极光电流.当电极电势大于-0.2V时，光电流瞬态谱在开始光照时有一阴极瞬态光电流尖峰，然后转变为阳极稳态光电流.这是因为当电极电势较负时，Fe（CN）4-6与TiO2的电子传递络合物可以吸收光子，光生电子迅速注入TiO2导带，然后还原溶液中的而产生阴极光电流.     

硬脂酸镍L—B膜对甲醇的电催化氧化

硬脂酸镍Ｌ－Ｂ膜电极对甲醇具有良好的电催化作用，膜中镍离子主要以－ＣｏｏＮｉ（ＯＨ）形式存在，电催化过程受ＯＨ－浓度的影响，也涉及甲醇分子在膜内的穿透。     

氢气泡模板电沉积多孔金属镍薄膜

Porous nickel films have been successfully electrodeposited using cathodic hydrogen bubbles as a template. The influence of deposition parameters including concentration, temperature and current density on the films morphologies has been systematically studied. SEM results showed that increase in current density resulted in the deposits with higher pore density and smaller pore size. Both the pore size and thickness of the pore walls increased with the electrolyte temperature range from 20 to 60 ℃ when the other deposition parameters were fixed. Increasing the concentration of NiCl₂ or NH₄Cl in the electrolyte led to the thicker of the pore walls and declined pore size and density. The deposits displayed a dendritic morphology in cross-sectional SEM image. Electrochemical characterization of the porous nickel films after surface oxidation in 1.0 mol·L^-1 NaOH solution showed that specific capacitance as high as 7.2 F·g^-1 could be reached.     

利用二氧化硅欧泊模板合成三维多孔金属镍

金属镍在高效催化剂、传感器、导电浆料、高密度磁记录材料、高性能电极材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景,在材料科学和凝聚态物理领域引起了广泛的研究兴趣。多孔金属镍结构由金属镍骨架及孔隙所组成,与致密块体镍相比,其内部具有大量的孔隙,因而具有诸多优异的特性,如密度小、比表面积大、光学性能优异等。多孔金属镍可用来制作过滤器、催化剂及催化剂载体、多孔电极等[1]。1987年Yablonovitch[2]和John[3]几乎同时提出了光子晶体这一新概念和新材料。构成三维模板的途径之一是在液体中自组装成具有光波量级的单分散胶体微球——胶体晶体,这…     

Rational Design of Porous Structured Nickel Manganese Sulfides Hexagonal Sheets-in-Cage Structures as an Advanced Electrode Material for High-Performance Electrochemical Capacitors

The design of hierarchical electrodes comprising multiple components with a high electrical conductivity and a large specific surface area has been recognized as a feasible strategy to remarkably boost pseudocapacitors. Herein, we delineate hexagonal sheets-in-cage shaped nickel–manganese sulfides (Ni-Mn-S) with nanosized open spaces for supercapacitor applications to realize faster redox reactions and a lower charge-transfer resistance with a markedly enhanced specific capacitance. The hybrid was facilely prepared through a two-step hydrothermal method. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between Ni and Mn active sites with the improvement of both ionic and electric conductivity, the resulting Ni-Mn-S hybrid displays a high specific capacitance of 1664 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹ and a capacitance of 785 F g⁻¹ is maintained at a current density of 50 A g⁻¹, revealing an outstanding capacity and rate performance. The asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled with the Ni-Mn-S hexagonal sheets-in-cage as the positive electrode delivers a maximum energy density of 40.4 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 750 W kg⁻¹. Impressively, the cycling retention of the as-fabricated device after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g⁻¹ reaches 85.5 %. Thus, this hybrid with superior capacitive performance holds great potential as an effective charge-storage material.     

Kinetic Model of Hypophosphite Oxidation on a Nickel Electrode in D_2O Solution

Hypophosphite is one of the most widely used reducing agents in the Ni-electroless deposition. This fact has stimulated the study of anodic oxidation of hypophosphite on a nickel electrode using the probe beam deflection1, electrochemistry, in situ IR2,3 and electrochemical mass spectroscopy4,5. The kinetic model study provides a powerful means of characterizing kinetics and mechanism of electrodic processes. In our recent paper the kinetic model of the Ni-Mo alloy codeposition has been stud…     

铜修饰多孔镍自支撑电极的构建及其葡萄糖氧化性能

采用水热合成法制备了正八面体Cu₂O/Cu修饰的多孔Ni(NF)自支撑电极(Cu₂O/Cu-NF),并对其进行了形貌和结构表征。 在三电极体系下,在碱性介质中以循环伏安法和恒电位安培法测试其对葡萄糖催化氧化性能。 结果表明,150 ℃水热法制备的自支撑电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化活性最强。 响应电流与葡萄糖浓度在3.7×10^-3~1.1 mmol/L和1.4~5.0 mmol/L范围内呈线性相关,响应灵敏度分别是6929和706.1 μA/(mmol·L^-1·cm²),且具有良好的选择性和稳定性,对无酶葡萄糖传感器的发展有重要意义。     

CdSe/泡沫镍薄膜电极对结晶紫的光电催化降解

采用恒电位电沉积法,以泡沫镍为基底电极,制备了CdSe/泡沫镍薄膜电极,采用扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见漫反射光谱和能谱分析表征了CdSe薄膜的形貌及其组成。应用该电极研究结晶紫溶液在光电催化降解过程中的COD去除率。结果表明,以白炽灯(100 W,2只)为光源,采用电沉积30 min所得的CdSe/泡沫镍薄膜电极为工作电极,外加偏压为0.4 V(vs.SCE),0.01 mol/L NaCl为电解质,光电催化降解浓度为0.001 g/L的结晶紫溶液120 min,COD去除率达到84.3%。     

A New Heated Nickel Oxyhydroxide Covered Nickel Wire Electrode and Its Improved Electrocatalytic Oxidation for Methanol

A new heated nickel oxyhydroxide covered nickel wire electrode (HNONE) was fabricated and AC heating circuit was used to heat the electrode. Furthermore, the improved electrocatalytic activity of the HNONE for methanol oxidation at elevated electrode temperature was demonstrated. A detection limit of 2.1×10^?4 M (S/N=3) could be obtained with an electrode temperature of 80 °C, about one magnitude lower than that at room temperature 20°. And the sensitivity was also enhanced about 10 times.     

镍纳米线电极的交流阻抗研究

用交流阻抗法研究了一种新型电极－镍纳米线电极在碱性溶液中的电化学行为,给出了相应的等效电路和拟合效果。实验结果表明,外加电位对电极表面化学反应速度和类型有显著影响。在外加电位不高时,Ni（Ⅱ）氧化成Ni(Ⅲ)的电化学过程随着电位的升高而明显加速;当外加电位高于0．40V以后,电极表面同时发生电化学析氧反应。相同条件下,镍纳米线电极的表面电化学反应速度远远高于镍块体电极。     

基于聚苯胺-镍酞菁多孔渗透薄膜的氨气传感器

利用磺化镍酞菁(NiTSPc)对苯胺(PANI)聚合的催化作用,通过简单的电聚合方法在叉指金电极(IAE)表面合成了PANI/NiTSPc多孔渗透膜.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、能量色散图谱(EDS)和拉曼光谱对PANI/NiTSPc多孔膜进行表征.在室温下,采用基于PANI/NiTSPc多孔膜制备的传感器对不同浓度(3.8~1900 mg/m~3)的NH_3进行了检测.结果表明,对于76 mg/m~3的NH_3,传感器的灵敏度为2.75,响应时间为10 s,且该传感器具有恢复时间短、重复性及稳定性良好等优点.所制备的PANI/NiTSPc薄膜传感器在NH3检测及电子鼻的应用中具有巨大潜力.     

铁氰酸镍膜修饰金电极的研制及应用

通过层层组装的方法,将Ni^2＋和[Fe（CN）6]^3-交替沉积在巯基乙酸功能化的金电极表面．首次成功制备了铁氰酸镍多层膜修饰电极,用循环伏安法研究了该多层膜的电化学行为,实验表明峰电流随膜层数的增加而增加,膜均匀增长．该修饰电极对一价金属离子Na^＋,K^＋,NH4^＋具有选择性响应,尤其对K^＋存在准能斯特响应,响应范围0．01～1．0mol／L;而且该电极对抗坏血酸（AA）和S2O3^2-体系的氧化具有良好的电催化作用,线性范围分别为：1．14×10^-4～1．14×10^-3mol／L和5．0×10^-4～3．1×10^-3mol／L．     

Synthesis of Sub‐nanometer Porous Carbon Film for Energy Storage

Carbon‐based supercapacitors are a kind of supercapacitors with very promising applications because of their low cost, good stability and adjustable properties. Simple and rapid syntheses of carbon materials with a high surface area and narrow pore size distribution are of great significance to practical applications of carbon‐based supercapacitors. Here we report a new strategy to synthesize sub‐nanometer porous carbon films (Snp‐CF) via a condensation reaction under mild conditions. Carbon films exhibit a narrow pore size distribution (6.6 Å) and high surface area (508 m² g^?1) after annealing at 700 °C. Snp‐CF‐700 displays a good specific capacity and excellent cycle performance (130 F g^?1 after 5000 cycles, 118 % of initial 110 F g^?1).     

NiSe Nanowire Film Supported on Nickel Foam: An Efficient and Stable 3D Bifunctional Electrode for Full Water Splitting

Active and stable electrocatalysts made from earth‐abundant elements are key to water splitting for hydrogen production through electrolysis. The growth of NiSe nanowire film on nickel foam (NiSe/NF) in situ by hydrothermal treatment of NF using NaHSe as Se source is presented. When used as a 3D oxygen evolution electrode, the NiSe/NF exhibits high activity with an overpotential of 270 mV required to achieve 20 mA cm^?2 and strong durability in 1.0 M KOH, and the NiOOH species formed at the NiSe surface serves as the actual catalytic site. The system is also highly efficient for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction in basic media. This bifunctional electrode enables a high‐performance alkaline water electrolyzer with 10 mA cm^?2 at a cell voltage of 1.63 V.