Spectroscopy of polymorphic forms of Mg phthalocyanine

Some specific features of the absorption, luminescence, and internal photoelectric effect spectra of nanocrystals of Mg phthalocyanine of the β and X aggregate forms obtained by crystallization from molecular solutions of Mg phthalocyanine are revealed and studied. The complex structure of the spectra of the crystalline forms is attributed to the simultaneous presence of both crystalline phases and the molecular phase of Mg phthalocyanine in the samples. Comparison of the absorption and luminescence spectra is an effective diagnostic tool for optimization of the methods of preparation of single-phase Mg-phthalocyanine objects. Similar results were also observed in the spectroscopic study of other metal phthalocyanine derivatives.     

Absorption and photoluminescence properties of silver clusters in SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> matrix

Absorption and luminescence properties of silver nanoclusters embedded in SiO₂ matrixes were studied experimentally. Thin SiO₂ films with different amount of silver were produced by co-deposition of Ag and SiO₂ onto the silica substrates in vacuum. The thus obtained films possess three peaks in absorption spectra at 297, 329 and 401 nm and two peaks in luminescence spectra at about 500 and 650 nm. We ascribed these spectral features to silver nanoclusters of different sizes that present in the film. Thermal annealing transforms both absorption and emission spectra of the films. Lager clusters that are formed after annealing possess one absorption band at 350–450 nm and one luminescence band at 510 nm. The luminescence was observed only in samples with the silver content of less than 2.2%. Quenching of the luminescence in samples with higher concentration of silver is due to the presence of larger particles with plasmonic properties.     

Luminescence lifetimes in quartz: dependence on annealing temperature prior to beta irradiation

It is well known that the thermal history of a quartz sample influences the optically stimulated luminescence sensitivity of the quartz. It is found that the optically stimulated luminescence lifetime, determined from time resolved spectra obtained with pulsed stimulation, also depends on past thermal treatment. For samples at 20°C during stimulation, the lifetime depends on beta dose and on duration of preheating at 220°C prior to stimulation for quartz annealed at 600°C and above, but is independent of these factors for quartz annealed at 500°C and below. For stimulation at higher temperatures, the lifetime becomes shorter if the sample is held at temperatures above 125°C during stimulation, in a manner consistent with thermal quenching. A single exponential decay is all that is required to fit the time resolved spectra for un-annealed quartz regardless of the temperature during stimulation (20–175°C), or to fit the time resolved spectra from all samples held at 20°C during stimulation, regardless of annealing temperature (20–1000°C). An additional shorter lifetime is found for some combinations of annealing temperature and temperature during stimulation. The results are discussed in terms of a model previously used to explain thermal sensitisation. The luminescence lifetime data are best explained by the presence of two principal luminescence centres, their relative importance depending on the annealing temperature, with a third centre involved for limited combinations of annealing temperature and temperature during stimulation.     

Luminescence of Pr,Nd and Yb ions implanted in GaAs and GaP

New experimental data on luminescence spectra of Pr and Nd ions implanted into GaAs and GaP crystals and the results on luminescence kinetics of Nd doped GaP are presented. The results show that RE ions form different complexes in measured samples.     

稀土掺杂长余辉发光玻璃的研究

分别采用空气气氛和还原气氛,制备了稀土Eu₂O₃,Dy₂O₃掺杂的铝硅酸盐玻璃,利用荧光光谱仪对样品进行了测试。结果表明：空气气氛条件下制备的铝硅酸盐玻璃样品均不具备长余辉发光性能, 其激发光谱和发光光谱均是Eu3+的5D_i(i=0, 1)→7F_j(j=0～4)跃迁的典型光谱。经还原气氛处理后,单掺和双掺的铝硅酸盐玻璃样品均具有长余辉发光现象,单掺Eu2+的发光峰位于462 nm,而双掺Eu2+和Dy3+的发光峰位于457 nm,且双掺Eu2+和Dy3+的样品陷阱能级较深,样品的发光持续时间长达12 h以上。     

Behavior of copper in gallium arsenide with a high tellurium concentration

The electrophysical properties and cathode luminescence spectra of gallium arsenide with a high tellurium concentration (n = 2·10¹⁸ cm^–3) alloyed with copper are investigated under different diffusion conditions. Centers are determined from measurements of the Hall effect with an ionization energy of 0.190 ± 0.006 eV whose concentration does not depend on the arsenic vapor pressure (0.1 and 1 atm) and the cooling rate of the samples from the diffusion temperature. A band with h_m = 1.30–1.32 eV whose intensity depends on the cooling conditions of the samples was observed in the cathode luminescence spectra of these samples. The nature of the observed defects is discussed.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 93–99, July, 1979.In conclusion of this article the authors express their gratitude to L. K. Tarasova for preparation of the samples.     

Präparation und Lumineszenzeigenschaften von Zinkoxid

ZnO-phosphor powders are produced in systematic preparation series by annealing in an atmosphere containing H₂ or O₂. The samples have different quantum efficiencies, thermoluminescence light sums, and glow curve forms. The following explanation for the luminescence mechanism of ZnO can be confirmed: 1. The green luminescence is caused by intrinsic lattice imperfections. 2. Oxygen defects are the activators for the green luminescence. 3. Oxygen ions on interstitial sites produce hole traps, the energetic depth of which is caused by different coupling with oxygen defects.     

Inhomogeneous spectral broadening and the decay kinetics of the luminescence spectra of prodan

The selectively excited steady-state luminescence spectra, as well as the decay time characteristics of the luminescence, of prodan in polar solvents excited by picosecond radiation are studied. The steady-state luminescence spectra exhibit a strong inhomogeneous broadening, which is the most pronounced at elevated solution viscosities. The temporal characteristics of the luminescence decay in different spectral ranges and the instantaneous spectra suggest the presence of relaxation processes resulting in a long-wavelength shift of the emission spectrum during the lifetime of the excited state. A relation between the relaxation shift of the emission spectrum and the intermolecular orientational relaxation of solvate molecules is established.     

SnO$lt;sub$gt;2$lt;/sub$gt;纳米晶体的制备、结构与发光性质

使用软化学方法在碱性溶液中制备出了颗粒尺寸分布均匀的SnO₂纳米颗粒,使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、光致发光谱（PL）和光吸收谱等方法分析与表征了SnO₂纳米颗粒的结构和光学性能.实验中通过表面活性剂的加入来控制纳米颗粒的结晶与凝聚.XRD,TEM的结果表明,原始制备出的SnO₂纳米颗粒的平均粒径小于4 nm,为完好的晶体状态.纳米颗粒经过400—1000 ℃退火后晶粒尺寸进一步增大.光吸收谱表明,相对于体材料,纳米颗粒的禁带宽度展宽并随颗粒尺寸增大而红移.光致发光谱测试表明,不同温度下退火的SnO₂纳米颗粒在350—750 nm有较强的发光,研究表明这是来源于颗粒表面的氧空位缺陷发光. 关键词： 氧化锡 表面活性剂 纳米颗粒 光致发光     

Synchronous Luminescence Spectroscopic Characterization of Urine of Normal Subjects and Cancer Patients

Urine is one of the diagnostically potential bio fluids, as it contains many metabolites and some of them are native fluorophores. These fluorophores distribution and the physiochemical properties may vary during any metabolic change or at different pathologic conditions. Since urine is a multicomponent fluid, synchronous luminescence technique, a powerful tool has been adopted to analyse multicomponents in single spectrum and to resolve emission spectrum without much of photobleaching of fluorophores. In this study, urine samples of both normal subjects and cancer patients were characterised using synchronous luminescence spectroscopy with a Stokes shift of 20 nm. Different ratio parameters were calculated from the intensity values of the synchronous luminescence spectra and they were used as input variables for a multiple linear discriminant analysis across normal and cancer groups. The stepwise linear discriminant analysis classifies 90.3 % of the original grouped cases and 88.6 % of the cross-validated grouped cases correctly.     

Luminescence of thulium-activated cubic boron nitride

Under high pressure and temperature conditions, we have obtained samples of thulium-activated cubic boron nitride in the form of micropowders, ceramics, and polycrystals activated by thulium in the presence of aluminum. We studied the cathodoluminescence (CL), photoluminescence (PL), and photoluminescence excitation spectra of the samples. In the luminescence spectra we observe structured bands with maxima at ∼370, ∼475, ∼660, and ∼ 800 nm, assigned to electronic transitions in the triply charged thulium ions. We have established that the most efficient method for excitation of “blue” luminescence at ∼475 nm for thulium ions in cBN is excitation by an electron beam. The cBN samples synthesized in the presence of Al have photoluminescence spectra with a more complex structure compared with samples not containing Al, with the band of dominant intensity at about 660 nm. Hypothetically, this is a consequence of incorporation of thulium ions into the crystalline phases cBN and AlN, which are equally likely to be formed during synthesis. The observed photoluminescence spectrum of the indicated samples is the superposition of the photoluminescence spectra of the Tm³⁺ ions located in the crystal fields of cBN and AlN of different symmetries. The presence in the photoluminescence excitation spectra (at 450, 490, and 660 nm) of structure, with features at wavelengths shorter than the excited photoluminescence, suggests a nonresonant mechanism for its excitation. We have established that luminescence of Tm³⁺ ions is less intense than for other rare earth elements incorporated into cubic boron nitride. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 547–555, July–August, 2008.     

氢化后ZnO发光性质的变化

通过低温光致发光(PL)谱研究氢化对ZnO发光性质的影响。氢通过一个直流等离子体发生装置引入到ZnO晶体。研究发现氢的引入影响了束缚激子的相对发光强度,特别是I4峰(3.363eV)的强度增加和3.366eV峰出现。比较未氢化样品,氢化样品PL谱显示不同的温度依赖。     

The influence of cation additives on the NIR luminescence intensity of Er³⁺-doped borate glasses

Er3+-doped 25BaO-(25-x)SiO2-xAl2O3-25B2O3 transparent glasses are prepared with x = 0,12.5 and 25 by a solid-state reaction.The Er-related NIR luminescence intensity,which corresponds to the transition of 4I15/2-4I13/2,is obviously altered with different silicon/aluminum ratios.The Judd-Ofelt parameters of the Er3+ ions are adopted to explain the intensity change in the NIR fluorescence,and the Raman scattering intensity versus the amount of Al and/or Si components are discussed.The spectra of the three samples are quite similar in the peak positions,but different in intensity.The maximal phonon density of state for the samples is calculated from the Raman spectra and is correlated to the NIR luminescence efficiency.     

Synthesis and properties of magnetic and luminescent Fe3O4/SiO2/Dye/SiO2 nanoparticles

A simple and reproducible method was developed to synthesize a novel class of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/dye/SiO₂ composite nanoparticles. As promising candidates for use in bioassays, the obtained nanoparticles have an average diameter of 30 nm, and the thickness of the outer shell of silica could be tuned by changing the concentration of the silicon precursor tetraethyl orthosilicate during the synthesis. These multifunctional nanoparticles were found to be highly luminescent, photostable and superparamagnetic. The luminescence intensity of the nanoparticles was increased as the dye concentration was increased in the preparation process. The color of the luminescence was successfully tuned by incorporating different dyes into the nanoparticles. The measurements of the emission spectra indicated that relative to the dye molecules dissolved in ethanol, the emission of the dye-doped nanoparticles exhibited either a red shift or a blue shift, to which a tentative explanation was given.     

Luminescence of Europium–Doped Anodic Oxide Films on Multilayer Titanium–Tantalum Composites

Luminescence of europium in anodic oxide films on thin–film Ti–Ta composites and the process of anodic oxidation of these by the method of chronovoltammetry are investigated for different orders of arrangement of metallic layers and temperatures of heat treatment. A correlation between the luminescence spectra and chronovoltammetric diagrams is noted. The luminescence is shown to be an efficient method for studying the complex phase composition of anodic oxide films. The luminescence spectra of samples are characterized by the presence of several types of luminescence centers inherent in the Eu³⁺ ion and the base. Conditions for the formation of Eu–doped anodic oxide films on a diffusion alloy, which are of interest for microelectronics as a new dielectric material, are determined.     

熔制温度对铋离子掺杂钡铝硅酸盐玻璃发光性能的影响

研究了熔制温度对铋离子掺杂钡铝硅酸盐玻璃发光性能的影响.当用紫外光和808nm的激光二极管激发时,分别在425nm和1330nm附近观察到可见和宽带红外发光.可见荧光的发射强度随着熔制温度的升高逐渐下降,而红外发光强度随着熔制温度的升高先是增强然后减弱.对光致发光的机理进行了探讨.     

Optical properties of planar structures containing oxidized copper nanoparticles

Planar structures consisting of oxidized copper granules obtained by laser electrodispersion are studied. The samples have different packing densities of granules and different amounts of their chains and aggregates. Each granule 5.5 ± 0.5 nm in size consists of a copper core with an amorphous structure and an oxide shell of about 0.7 nm thick. Some granules are randomly charged. The spectra of coherent transmission, diffusion transmission, and reflection of the samples are measured. Using the experimental data, the absorption spectra and the effective absorption, extinction, and scattering coefficients of monolayers are calculated and the luminescence spectra are estimated. A long-wavelength shift of the plasmon resonance of the copper granules with oxide shells as compared to that of the unoxidized granules is observed. The shift depends on the thickness of the oxide layer. A similar shift of the plasmon resonance is observed for the chains of copper granules. The spectra are compared with the spectra calculated theoretically taking into account some parameters of the planar structures and the size dependence of the optical constants of copper. The luminescence observed in some cases is associated with specifics of oxidation of copper granules.     

Impurity Cu+ centers in LiF single crystals

LiF single crystals with copper impurity (0.0004–0.002%) have been grown by the Czochralski method and investigated. The luminescence, excitation, and optical absorption spectra have been recorded. The luminescence spectrum contains a band at 450 nm upon 250-nm excitation. This band is attributed to Cu⁺ centers in the samples grown. The mechanisms of capture and recombination during thermoluminescence are considered.     

Identification of F+ centers in hafnia and zirconia nanopowders

Luminescence properties of undoped hafnia and zirconia nanopowders prepared by solution combustion synthesis were investigated under photo- and electron-beam excitation in 10–400 K temperature range. Along with the main luminescence band revealed in investigated materials at low temperatures at 4.2–4.3 eV and ascribed to the emission of self-trapped excitons, there are luminescence bands due to defects and impurities introduced during sample preparation. At room temperature the latter emissions dominate in the luminescence spectra as the intrinsic self-trapped exciton emission is quenched. Analysis of decay kinetics of defect centers allowed identification of F⁺ centers emission at 2.8 eV with lifetimes ∼3–6 ns in hafnia and zirconia under intra-center excitation.     

Photoluminescence of Turkish purple jade (turkiyenite)

The purple-colored unique gem material is only found in the Harmanc?k (Bursa) region of the western Anatolia (Turkey). Therefore, it is specially called “Turkish purple jade or turkiyenite” on the worldwide gem market. Even though its jadeite implication is the principal constituent, the material cannot be considered as a single jadeite mineral since other implications are quartz, orthoclase, epidote, chloritoid and phlogopite minerals.Even if the analytical methods are used to characterize and identify the Turkish purple jade samples in detail, the luminescence spectra, especially photoluminescence features regarding to composite mineral implications of the material are important because of the existence the numerous characteristic broad and intensive luminescence bands in the samples. We can state that the UV-irradiation luminescence centers as photoluminescence (PL) are due to the overall signals in the Turkish purple jade samples. Accordingly, the distinctive photoluminescence peaks at 743, 717, 698, 484, 465 and 442 nm in PL-2D (counter diagram and sections) and PL-3D (sequence spectra) ranging between 300 and 900 nm of wavelengths, and between 220 and 340 K of temperatures are observed.Finally, photoluminescence features of the heterogeneous-structured material cannot be simply attributed to any chemical impurities, since the jade mass has numerous heterogeneous mineral constituents instead of a single jadeite mineral. Six different mineral implications and chemical impurities in the material composition display complex and individual all kind of luminescence features. Therefore, photoluminescence as well as radioluminescence, cathodoluminescence and thermoluminescence spectra provide positive identification regarding to the provenance (geographic origin) of the original Turkish purple jade (turkiyenite).