E- or Z-selective Knoevenagel condensation of acetoacetic derivatives: effect of acylated substituent, that is, TEMPO and amines, as an auxiliary, and new accesses to trisubstituted E- and Z-2-alkenals and furans

Knoevenagel condensation of O-acetoacetylTEMPOs (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) with aldehydes substituted with an electron-withdrawing group such as aromatic and heteroaromatic ones leads preferentially to E-adducts, while acylacetoamides including Weinreb amides produce Z-adducts, exclusively. These E- and Z-adducts are selectively converted to the corresponding (2E)- and (2Z)-2-hyroxyalkyl-2-alkenals, respectively, by stepwise reductions of the acyl group with DIBALH and then the carboxylic functions after protection of the hydroxy group. Transformation of the Knoevenagel products by taking advantage of the E-geometry to trisubstituted furans is also developed.     

Modular Synthesis of Multisubstituted Furans through Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Condensation of Alkynylbenziodoxoles,Carboxylic Acids,and Imines

Mild and regiocontrolled synthesis of a multisubstituted furan is achieved through Pd(OAc)₂‐catalyzed room‐temperature condensation of an alkynylbenziodoxole, a carboxylic acid, and an enolizable ketimine, which contribute to C1, CO, and C2 fragments, respectively, to the furan skeleton. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups in each of the reaction components, and enables highly modular and flexible synthesis of variously substituted furans. The reaction is particularly effective for the rapid generation of tri‐ and tetraarylfurans and furan‐containing oligoarylenes without relying on conventional cross‐coupling chemistry.     

Modular Synthesis of Multisubstituted Furans through Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Condensation of Alkynylbenziodoxoles,Carboxylic Acids,and Imines

Mild and regiocontrolled synthesis of a multisubstituted furan is achieved through Pd(OAc)₂‐catalyzed room‐temperature condensation of an alkynylbenziodoxole, a carboxylic acid, and an enolizable ketimine, which contribute to C1, CO, and C2 fragments, respectively, to the furan skeleton. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups in each of the reaction components, and enables highly modular and flexible synthesis of variously substituted furans. The reaction is particularly effective for the rapid generation of tri‐ and tetraarylfurans and furan‐containing oligoarylenes without relying on conventional cross‐coupling chemistry.     

Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Furans and Benzofurans with Iridium–Pyridine–Phosphinite Catalysts

Enantioselective hydrogenation of furans and benzofurans remains a challenging task. We report the hydrogenation of 2‐ and 3‐substituted furans by using iridium catalysts that bear bicyclic pyridine–phosphinite ligands. Excellent enantioselectivities and high conversions were obtained for monosubstituted furans with a 3‐alkyl or 3‐aryl group. Furans substituted at the 2‐position and 2,4‐disubstituted furans proved to be more difficult substrates. The best results (80–97 % conversion, 65–82 % enantiomeric excess) were obtained with monosubstituted 2‐alkylfurans and 2‐[4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan. Benzofurans with an alkyl substituent at the 2‐ or 3‐position also gave high conversions and enantioselectivity, whereas 2‐aryl derivatives showed essentially no reactivity. The asymmetric hydrogenation of a 3‐methylbenzofuran derivative was used as a key step in the formal total synthesis of the cytotoxic naphthoquinone natural product (?)‐thespesone.     

TiCl4-catalyzed indirect anti-Markovnikov hydration of alkynes: application to the synthesis of benzo[b]furans

An efficient methodology for the indirect anti-Markovnikov hydration of unsymmetrically substituted terminal and internal alkynes is based on TiCl4-catalyzed hydroamination reactions. Its application to ortho-alkynylhaloarenes, followed by a copper-catalyzed O-arylation, provides flexible access to substituted benzo[b]furans.     

Synthesis of Furans by Acylation of Cyclopropenes

Cyclopropenes substituted with phenyl groups at the double bond react with acyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride under formation of phenyl substituted furans.     

One-pot construction of medium- and large-sized ring substituted furans. Efficient conversion to dibenzofurans, coumestans, and 4-pyrones

New efficient synthesis of medium- and large-sized ring substituted furans is achieved by 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with vinyl sulfides in the presence of Ag(2)CO(3)/Celite (Fétizon's reagent) in a one-pot procedure. The synthesized furans can be further converted to biologically interesting compounds such as dibenzofurans, coumestans, benzofuroquinolinone, and 4-pyrone.     

Facile synthesis of oxabicyclic alkenes by ultrasonication-promoted diels-alder cycloaddition of furano dienes

Ultrasonic irradiation effectively promotes the Diels-Alder reaction of substituted furans with reactive dienophiles (i.e., dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) and dimethyl maleate). Regiospecific furano Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 2-vinylic furans with DMAD furnished functionalized oxabicyclic alkenes in good yield under ultrasonication condition.     

Synthesis of highly substituted furans by the electrophile-induced coupling of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones and nucleophiles

[reaction: see text] The coupling of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones with nucleophiles, either catalyzed by AuCl3 or induced by an electrophile, provides highly substituted furans in good to excellent yields under very mild reaction conditions. Various nucleophiles, including functionally substituted alcohols, H2O, carboxylic acids, 1,3-diketones, and electron-rich arenes, and a range of cyclic and acyclic 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones readily participate in these cyclizations. Iodine, NIS, and PhSeCl have proven successful as electrophiles in this process. The resulting iodine-containing furans can be readily elaborated to more complex products using known organopalladium chemistry.     

Synthèse d'analogues furanniques et nitro-2 furanniques du diméthyl-7,12 benzanthracène

A route to 1-formyl-2-hydroxy-9-methylanthracene and 1-formy 1-2-hydroxy-9,10-dimethylanthracene is desribed. These two aldehydes were further converted into mono- or dimethylanthra[2,1-b]furans, besides the corresponding acids and esters, by condensation with ethyl bromoacetate. The related mono- or dimethyl-2-nitroanthra[2,1-b]furans were also prepared by reaction between the above aldehydes and bromonitromethane, followaed by heating in toluene in the presence of p-toluene-sulfonic acid.     

Indium-mediated allenylation of arylacyl bromides in a route for the synthesis of substituted furans

A three-step, single purification procedure has been developed for the concise synthesis of substituted furans from arylacyl bromides.     

Reaction Between Triphenylphosphine and Acetylenic Esters or Acetylenic Ketones in the Presence of Mercaptoesters

The reactive diionic intermediate generated by the addition of triphenylphosphine to electron-deficient acetylenic esters or ketones was trapped by mercaptoesters such as mercaptothioglycolate or methyl 3-mercaptopropanoate to produce substituted furans, vinyl sulfides, or dithioesters.     

Synthesis of 2-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans and fully substituted furans from modified Baylis-Hillman adducts

Syntheses of 2-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran derivatives 3a-g and fully substituted furans 5a-f were achieved starting from the Baylis-Hillman adducts. We prepared 2-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans from the Baylis-Hillman adducts of methyl and ethyl acrylates and fully substituted furans from the Baylis-Hillman adducts of alkyl vinyl ketones.     

Regioselectivities of (4 + 3) cycloadditions between furans and oxazolidinone-substituted oxyallyls

The (4 + 3) cycloadditions of oxazolidinone-substituted oxyallyls and unsymmetrically substituted furans lead to syn regioselectivity when the furan has a 2-Me or 2-COOR substituent, while anti regioselectivity is obtained with a 3-Me or 3-COOR group. DFT calculations are performed to explain the selectivities. The reactivities and regioselectivities are consistent with the ambiphilic reactivity of amino-oxyallyls with furans.     

Regiospecific Displacement of the C-B Bond of Tris[4-(substituted)furan-3-yl]boroxines with C-Sn Bond and C-O Bond: Syntheses of 3,4-Disubstituted Furans and 4-Substituted-3(2H)-furanones,

Tris[4-(substituted)furan-3-yl]boroxines 2 , prepared from the corresponding 4-(substituted)-3-(trimethylsilyl) furan 1, were converted successfully to 4-(substituted)-3-(tributylstannyl)furans 3 through palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with tributylstannyl chloride. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 3 with organohalides afforded 3,4-disubstituted furans 4 . Regiospecific iodination of 4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-((tributylstannyl) furan ( 3a ) gave 4-iodo-3-(trimethylsilyl)furan ( 5 ), which reacted with excess ethyl acrylate under a common Heck-condition to produce 2,3-bis(trans-ethoxycarbonylvinyl)-4-(trimethylsilyl)furan ( 6 ). A thermal 6-electrocyclic reaction followed by dehydration converted 6 into benzo[2,3-6]furan 8 . Oxidation of 2 generated the corresponding 4-substituted-3(2H)-furanones 9 .     

Highly enantioselective synthesis of 2-furanyl-hydroxyacetates from furans via the Friedel-Crafts reaction

The Friedel-Crafts reaction of alkyl glyoxylates with variously substituted furans was found to be efficiently catalyzed under simple, undemanding conditions by a 6,6'-dibromo-BINOL/Ti(IV) complex with high enantioselectivity. The reaction afforded chiral substituted 2-furanyl-hydroxyacetic acid esters, compounds of high synthetic interest, in good yield and enantiomeric excess, in most examples in the range of 90-97%.     

A multi-component coupling approach to benzo[b]furans and indoles

A single step access to multiply substituted benzo[b]furans and indoles has been developed.     

电有机合成2-取代-5-羟甲基(羧基)呋喃

以5－羟甲基糠醛及其加成产物为原料，用化学或电化学合成法合成了标题化合物，其产物结构经元素分析，IR和^1H NMR确证。     

Facile synthesis of 5-(α-alkyl-substituted) furans

2-Halo, 2-hydroxy- or 2-alkoxyalkyl substituted furans are easily synthesized under acidic conditions by intramolecular cyclization of α,β-unsaturated 1,4-diketones by a simple and cheap procedure. Some aspects of the mechanism are discussed.     

Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzo[b]furans from 2-Styrylphenols Using CuBr2

A new route to the synthesis of 2-arylbenzo[b]furans has been developed. It involves homo/cross-McMurry coupling of salicylaldehyde/substituted salicylaldehydes/aromatic aldehydes to 2-styrylphenols, which undergo intramolecular cyclization with CuBr₂ in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature to afford 2-arylbenzo[b]furans in good yields.