X射线防护玻璃的结构效应

在Ｋ２Ｏ（Ｎａ２Ｏ）－ＰｂＯ（ＴｉＯ２）－ＳｉＯ２（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）系统中，防辐射玻璃是采用常规熔融方法制备的。该玻璃对Ｘ射线的防护能力可以用Ｃｏ６０－γ源检测。通过对玻璃的折射率、密度、显微硬度及线膨胀系数的测定研究，结果表明，玻璃的防Ｘ射线能力不仅取决于玻璃的密度及组分的质量吸收系数，而且与玻璃的结构特征有关。根据实验结果，我们提出了玻璃组成和结构对玻璃防Ｘ射线能力的综合效应的观点。玻璃结构紧密，能降低玻璃中高能粒子的运动速度，有利于玻璃对辐射粒子的吸收。我们将这种结构效应称为“韧滞效应”。     

Radiation heat transfer in axisymmetric quartz glass tubes

A mathematical model is proposed to describe the heat transfer in quartz glass axisymmetric tubes. Heat is transferred inside the glass by radiation and conduction. Scattering of thermal radiation inside the glass is ignored. At the boundaries of the tube the radiative intensity is specularly reflected. The spectral dependent radiative intensity and the temperature distribution inside the tube are determined. The model is applied to simulate the cooling process of a quartz glass tube. The calculated temperature is in agreement with that obtained from an experiment. Furthermore, steady-state temperature distributions in quartz glass tubes of different lengths have been determined.     

石英玻璃低能质子辐照损伤动力学研究

地面模拟研究了JGS3光学石英玻璃在真空、热沉和能量低于200keV的低能质子辐照下表面光学性能变化的基本规律．并建立了辐照损伤色心演化的动力学唯象模型。试验结果表明．大通量低能质子辐照对石英玻璃表层具有明显的表面损伤效应。随着辐照吸收剂量的增加,光密度变化先以线性规律迅速增加．加进一步增加时逐渐呈现饱和趋势;采用较高能量辐照作用后光密度变化出现饱和趋势的拐点提前,且饱和数值降低。根据对试验结果的分析,建立了低能质子辐照下石英玻璃色心演化的动力学模型．并给出了光密度变化的表达式。采用模型结果进行数学模拟,模拟曲线与试验结果曲线相似。因此所建立的动力学模型可以用来定量描述低能质子辐照下石英玻璃光学性能随辐照吸收剂量的变化规律。     

MCNP simulations of a glass display used in a mobile phone as an accident dosimeter

It has been demonstrated that glass display of mobile phones can be used as a device for accident dosimetry. Published studies concentrated on the experimental investigation of parts of the glass display. In the work presented here, the experimental results are compared with results of radiation transport calculations using the Monte Carlo code MCNP5.An experimental setup of an irradiation of an extracted glass display is simulated. The simulation is then extended to a simulation of a modern day mobile phone consisting of all major parts. Simulations are performed for various irradiation conditions and different geometric and material properties.The results of the simulation show a good agreement with the experiments for an extracted glass sample as well as for an actual modern mobile phone. The glass display is exposed to radiation in various angular and energy distributions. Simulated results were compared to experimentally determined results. The effects of the irradiation condition on the photon energy dependence were investigated and variations in the material constants of the display glass composition were discussed. This work affirms the usability of a mobile phone as a versatile and flexible accident radiation detector.     

Fast microstructuring of silica glasses surface by NIR laser radiation

The glass surface microstructuring technology using laser radiation with NIR wavelength (λ=1.064 μm) was revealed in this work. Glass plates were placed on the cellular graphite surface. Focused laser radiation passed through the glass plate and interacted with cellular graphite. The radiation heated the graphite surface and thus the high temperature influenced the back side of the glass plate. After consecutive laser scans, having certain periods and interruptions of laser radiation, the microstructures with depth ~0.5 μm were formed. Besides, in this work we suggested the method to calculate optical characteristics of formed elements. It was experimentally shown that these microstructures could be used to form phase diffraction gratings (PDGs) and random phase plates (RPPs). We experimentally demonstrated the possibility of these elements being used as RPPs which are suitable for multimode laser radiation homogenization and as PDGs which are suitable for laser simultaneous processing of metal films.     

Ultrafast time-resolved photography of femtosecond laser induced modifications in BK7 glass and fused silica

The dynamics of absorption after excitation of fused silica and BK7 glass with femtosecond laser radiation are visualized by transient absorption spectroscopy. Focusing laser radiation with pulse durations in the picosecond time regime in BK7 glass generates free electrons with relaxation by emission of radiation or by formation of defects. The temporal and spatial emission characteristics are observed by high-speed photography in the streak mode. The beam waist moves within the pulse duration towards the incoming laser radiation by self-focusing and with the laser radiation absorbed by multi-photon processes. The dynamics of the long lasting stress formation is visualized by time-resolved Nomarski-Photography. The modification of the glass is investigated during and after irradiation with ultra-short pulsed laser radiation (100 fs<t_p<3 ps) at the wavelength =810 nm. The formation of a sound wave in fused silica and BK7 glass is observed and the mechanical stress, depending on the excitation pulse duration, is measured. PACS 06.60.Jn; 42.50.Md; 78.47.-p; 81.16.-c; 82.53.-k     

反射器对氙灯工作性能影响的实验研究

针对灯箱中反射器的设计和运行情况,设计实验量化了反射器对氙灯辐射和钕玻璃荧光效率的影响。氙灯辐射由强流管测量的氙灯辐射波形和能量计测量的辐射能量获得;钕玻璃荧光由自主设计的荧光测量系统获得;同时,使用高速摄影仪对放电通道进行观测。实验发现,反射器在此次实验条件下可以提高氙灯辐射效率89%,提高钕玻璃荧光效率78%。而且,实验发现工程运行中氙灯“发白”,是反射器引导氙灯放电通道在靠近反射器一侧形成,导致该处过度烧蚀的结果。     

Synchrotron‐based spectroscopy of X‐ray channeling through hollow capillary microchannels inside glass plates

Here, soft X‐ray synchrotron radiation transmitted through microchannel plates is studied experimentally. Fine structures of reflection and XANES Si L‐edge spectra detected on the exit of silicon glass microcapillary structures under conditions of total X‐ray reflection are presented and analyzed. The phenomenon of the interaction of channeling radiation with unoccupied electronic states and propagation of X‐ray fluorescence excited in the microchannels is revealed. Investigations of the interaction of monochromatic radiation with the inner‐shell capillary surface and propagation of fluorescence radiation through hollow glass capillary waveguides contribute to the development of novel X‐ray focusing devices in the future.     

Temperature prediction for CO2 laser heating of moving glass rods

This paper presents a heat transfer model to calculate the temperature field in moving glass rods heated by a CO₂ laser. Conduction and radiation heat transfer in radial and axial directions are taken into account in the current model. The Rosseland diffusion approximation is incorporated to analyze the radiation heat transfer in the glass rod. A two-band model is used to simulate the spectral property of the glass. Results of the simulation show that glass rods of sufficiently large optical thickness should be treated as a semitransparent medium for radiative transfer, and it is reasonably accurate to assume it to be opaque to CO₂ laser irradiation. It has been shown that the resulting temperature profile is strongly dependent on the laser parameters, i.e., the size of laser beam and the power of the laser. The diameter and speed of the moving glass rod are also important in determining the temperature field although the convective heat transfer coefficient between the glass rod and the environment has little effect.     

Low temperature self-ion implantation into granular aluminium films

Radiation induced effects in glass-rods and fiberoptics have been studied to determine parameters affecting the application of these materials in nuclear technology, i.e. as fiberscopes for visual inspection in severe radiation environments. Different glass and fibertypes have been exposed to fission product gamma radiation. The radiation induced transmission loss was measured with a spectrophotometer and then different annealing methods were examined to improve the transmission properties again. Especially the changes in glass and fiber recovery vs. time as a function of radiation dose and annealing temperature were investigated. Annealing experiments were performed exposing the samples either to temperature treatment or to various light sources such as quartz lamp, arc lamp or UV-laser for optical annealing. The transmission recovery was then investigated either as a function of annealing temperature or of exposure time to the light sources. The results allow conclusions on the design and composition of optical fiber endoscopes to be used in severe radiation environment where image transmission is required in the presence of high level nuclear radiation.     

140 keV质子辐照对石英玻璃光谱性能影响的研究

研究了JGS3 光学石英玻璃在真空、冷黑和能量为 14 0keV的质子辐照下光学透过率变化的基本规律。在辐照剂量大于 5× 10 14 proton/cm2 后 ,主要引起 2 30～ 2 5 0nm的吸收带 ,其吸收峰值随辐照剂量的增加而单调增加。在较大辐照剂量下 ,近紫外和可见区域也存在某些弱的吸收带。 2 30～ 2 5 0nm的吸收带由E′心引起。质子辐照下在JGS3 光学石英玻璃中形成的E′心是受氢扰动的 ,即辐照过程中不仅发生Si -O键的断裂 ,而且发生[≡Si- ]和 [≡Si-O]向 [≡Si-H]和 [≡Si-OH]的转变     

镀膜玻璃的紫外UVA透射性能探讨

本文论述了太阳紫外辐射UVA的危害性，对UVA的测试方法、镀膜玻璃的防紫外辐射性能作了较详细的分析和讨论。     

Features of Laser Through-Cutting of Silicate Glass by a Fiber Ytterbium Laser

Some principal aspects of silicate glass cutting by controlled laser through thermal cleavage are considered. In particular, it is shown that the cutting speed in the case of ytterbium fiber laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.065 μm lying in fact in the glass transmission range (more precisely, in the low absorption region) depends linearly on the laser power. It is shown that the glass end face takes various geometrical shapes under various conditions of bulk heating and cooling. Therefore, to obtain a homogeneous end face, it is required to stabilize both the laser radiation power and the laser beam speed at a corresponding laser beam geometry in the cut region. Methods for obtaining various cross section shapes of the glass end face and methods for obtaining blunt edges of end faces are presented.     

平板型玻璃镜反射太阳能聚光光伏系统的实验研究

提出了一种平板型玻璃镜反射太阳能聚光器,用于太阳能聚光光伏/光热利用.其结构主要由平面框架上倾斜放置粘贴或镶嵌在平直型材上的多块条形玻璃镜构成,聚光接受体为平板光伏电池或集热管.条形玻璃镜的宽度和倾斜角度随自身所处位置、聚光接受体形状尺寸和安放角度,是否考虑太阳入射光立体角影响等因素由所给公式确定.利用CCD 法测量了...     

Changes in K-208 glass transmittance spectra under ionizing radiation and molecular fluxes

The effect of 40-keV electron and proton radiation with a flux density of 5 × 10 cm^?2 s^?1 on the deposition of products of thermostimulated gas release from a polymer composite on a substrate made from protective K-208 glass used for the protection of spacecraft solar panels is experimentally investigated. Analysis of the obtained results shows that, unlike proton radiation, electron radiation results in an increase in the optical density of the glass and stimulates the deposition of gas-release products. It is established that the majority of effects generated as a result of exposure of the substrate to electron radiation are neutralized by protons upon combined irradiation with electrons and protons.     

Investigations on ultrafast welding of glass–glass and glass–silicon

Using ultrafast laser radiation glass substrates are welded with glass and silicon plates. The pump beam is focused by a microscope objective with large NA=0.4 (beam diameter 4 μm) into the glass. After partial absorption of the optical energy, the glass is heated and melted. Procedures for high-quality welding of glass–glass and glass–silicon substrates with high-repetition ultra-fast laser radiation have been derived at the repetition rate 700 kHz. The dependencies of the dimension and geometry of the welding seam on scan velocity, repetition rate and pulse energy have been investigated defining a process window. Adding a noninterferometric technique for quantitative phase detection with the welding setup, the interaction zone of the welding seam for the welding partners glass–glass is detected. A change in refractive index is induced by heating and compression of the glass and has been detected by phase detection up to 2 μs after irradiation with 100 fs time resolution.     

Excimer laser-assisted annealing of silicate glass with ion-synthesized silver nanoparticles

The effect of KrF excimer laser radiation on a composite layer consisting of sodium-potassium silicate glass with silver nanoparticles is studied as a function of the number of laser nanosecond pulses. The silver nanoparticles are synthesized by ion implantation. The measured optical absorption of the composite layer demonstrates that the silver nanoparticle size decreases monotonically as the number of laser pulses increases. Rutherford backscattering shows that laser annealing is accompanied by silver diffusion into the bulk of the glass and partial metal evaporation from the sample surface. The detected decrease in the silver nanoparticle size is discussed in terms of simultaneous melting of silver nanoparticles and the glass matrix due to the absorption of laser radiation.     

Optical Transmittance and Irradiation Resistance of Rare-Earth (Ce3☎, Tb3☎, Pr3☎) Doped Heavy Germanate Glasses

In this work we investigated the possibility of using scintillating rare earth Ce^3?, Tb^3?, and Pr^3? ions to optically activate germanate glass matrices. Glasses were characterised in terms of radiation resistance, UV-VIS transmittance and luminescence spectra. Their radiation induced response was found to be dependent on glass composition and these trivalent rare earth ions turned out to be efficient in suppressing formation of colour centres absorbing light in the visible range.     

Time-resolved investigations of radiophotoluminescence in metaphosphate glass dosimeters

Silver-activated metaphosphate glass samples show a dose-dependent radiophotoluminescence (RPL) after exposure to ionizing radiation. RPL is discriminated from stray light and parasitic luminescence due to the different decay times by use of uv-laser pulse excitation and time-resolved photon detection. A computer controlled single-photon counting system is set up for quantitative evaluation of the RPL signal. A linear relationship between RPL and absorbed dose is proven down to the sub-mGy range. The measuring technique allows glass dosimeters to be applied even at doses corresponding to the environmental radiation incidence per month.     

The parametric Doppler effect in quartz glass

Transformation of frequency is analyzed under the parametric Doppler effect in quartz glass in the “optic collider” scheme. In this scheme, intense laser radiation induces moving inhomogeneities of the refractive index in the glass and the probe radiation undergoes the Doppler frequency shift when being reflected from them. The possibilities of transforming the frequency both within the main transparent region and from the main transparent region to the low- and high-frequency regions separated from the main region by absorption peaks in the infrared and ultraviolet spectral ranges are demonstrated.