A distance-regular graph with the intersection array {8, 7, 5; 1, 1, 4} and its automorphisms

Possible orders and subgraphs of the fixed points of a distance-regular graph with the intersection array {8, 7, 5; 1, 1, 4} are found. It is shown that such a graph is not vertex-transitive.     

On automorphisms of a distance-regular graph with intersection array {39, 36, 1; 1, 2, 39}

Possible prime-order automorphisms and their fixed-point subgraphs are found for a hypothetical distance-regular graph with intersection array {39, 36, 1; 1, 2, 39}. It is shownthat graphs with intersection arrays {15, 12, 1; 1, 2, 15}, {35, 32, 1; 1, 2, 35}, and {39, 36, 1; 1, 2, 39} are not vertex-symmetric.     

On automorphisms of a distance-regular graph with intersection array {35, 32, 1; 1, 4, 35}

Prime divisors of orders of automorphisms and their fixed-point subgraphs are studied for a hypothetical distance-regular graph with intersection array {35, 32, 1; 1, 4, 35}. It is shown that there are no arc-transitive distance-regular graphs with intersection array {35, 32, 1; 1, 4, 35}.     

Distance-regular graphs with intersection arrays {52, 35, 16; 1, 4, 28} and {69, 48, 24; 1, 4, 46} do not exist

We prove that the arrays {52, 35, 16; 1, 4, 28} and {69, 48, 24; 1, 4, 46} cannot be realized as the intersection arrays of distance-regular graphs. In the proof we use some inequalities bounding the size of substructures (cliques, cocliques) in a distance-regular graph.     

$K_{2,3}$的剖分图与$P_n, C_n$的联图交叉数

在完全图$K_{2,3}$的任意一边增加一个新的顶点, 则得到$K_{2,3}$的一个剖分图(六阶图). 本文研究得到了这个特殊六阶图与$n$个孤立点$nK_1$, 路$P_n$, 圈$C_n$的联图交叉数.     

Iterative algorithm for solving a class of general Sylvester-conjugate matrix equation \sum_{i = 1}^{s} A_{i}V + \sum_{j = 1}^{t} B_{j}W = \sum_{l = 1}^{m} E_{l}\overline{V}F_{l} + C

This paper is concerned with iterative solution to general Sylvester-conjugate matrix equation of the form $\sum_{i = 1}^{s} A_{i}V + \sum_{j = 1}^{t} B_{j}W = \sum_{l = 1}^{m} E_{l}\overline{V}F_{l} + C$ . An iterative algorithm is established to solve this matrix equation. When this matrix equation is consistent, for any initial matrices, the solutions can be obtained within finite iterative steps in the absence of round off errors. Some lemmas and theorems are stated and proved where the iterative solutions are obtained. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Scattering of wave maps from {{\mathbb {R}^{2+1}}} to general targets

We show that smooth, radially symmetric wave maps U from ${\mathbb {R}^{2+1}}$ to a compact target manifold (N, where ? _r U and ? _t U have compact support for any fixed time, scatter. The result will follow from the work of Christodoulou and Tahvildar-Zadeh, and Struwe, upon proving that for ${(\lambda^{\prime} \in (0,1),}$ energy does not concentrate in the set $$K_{\frac{5}{8}T,\frac{7}{8}T}^{\lambda^{\prime}} = \{(x,t) \in \mathbb{R}^{2+1} \vert \quad|x| \leq \lambda^{\prime} t, t \in [(5/8)T,(7/8)T] \}.$$      

连通的K_{n}-残差图

m-K_{n}-残差图是由P. Erd\"{o}s, F. Harary和M. Klawe等人提出的, 当m=1时, 他们证明了当n\neq1,2,3,4时, K_{n+1}\timesK_{2}是唯一的具有最小阶的连通的K_{n}- 残差图. 首先得到了m-K_{n}-残差图的重要性质, 同时证明了当n=1,2,3,4时, 连通K_{n}-残差图的最小阶和极图, 其中当n=1,2时得到唯一极图; 当n=3,4时, 证明了恰有两个不同构的极图, 从而彻底解决连通的K_{n}-残差图的最小阶和极图问题. 最后证明了当n\neq1,2,3,4时, K_{n+1}\timesK_{2}是唯一的具有最小阶的连通的K_{n}-残差图.     

Congruences involving $$g_n(x)=\sum \limits _{k=0}^n\left( {\begin{array}{c}n\\ k\end{array}}\right) ^2\left( {\begin{array}{c}2k\\ k\end{array}}\right) x^k$$

Define \(g_n(x)=\sum _{k=0}^n\left( {\begin{array}{c}n\\ k\end{array}}\right) ^2\left( {\begin{array}{c}2k\\ k\end{array}}\right) x^k\) for \(n=0,1,2,\ldots \). Those numbers \(g_n=g_n(1)\) are closely related to Apéry numbers and Franel numbers. In this paper we establish some fundamental congruences involving \(g_n(x)\). For example, for any prime \(p>5\) we have

$$\begin{aligned} \sum _{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{g_k(-1)}{k}\equiv 0\pmod {p^2}\quad \text {and}\quad \sum _{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{g_k(-1)}{k^2}\equiv 0\pmod p. \end{aligned}$$

This is similar to Wolstenholme’s classical congruences

$$\begin{aligned} \sum _{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{1}{k}\equiv 0\pmod {p^2}\quad \text {and}\quad \sum _{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{1}{k^2}\equiv 0\pmod p \end{aligned}$$

for any prime \(p>3\).

     

连通的三重K_{n}-残差图

Erd\"{o}s P, Harary F和Klawe M研究了K_{n}-残差图, 并对连通的m-K_{n}-残差图提出了一些结论和猜想. 利用容斥原理以及集合的运算性质等方法, 研究了连通的3-K_{n}-残差图, 得到当顶点最小度为n时, 3-K_{n}-残差图最小阶的计算公式以及相应的唯一极图. 当n=2时, 得到最小阶为11以及相应的极图; 当n=3时, 得到最小阶为20并找到两个不同构的极图, 不满足Erd\"{o}s等提出的结论; 当$=4时, 得到最小阶为22及相应的极图; 当n=8, 可以找到两个不同构的3-K_{8_{}}-残差图, 不满足Erd\"{o}s等提出的结论; 最后证明了当n=9,10时, 最小阶分别为48和52以及相应的唯一极图, 验证了Erd\"{o}s等在文献~(Residually-complete graphs [J].Annals of Discrete Mathematics, 1980, 6: 117-123) 中提出的结论.     

Conservative fragments of {{S}^{1}_{2}} and {{R}^{1}_{2}}

Conservative subtheories of ${{R}^{1}_{2}}$ and ${{S}^{1}_{2}}$ are presented. For ${{S}^{1}_{2}}$ , a slight tightening of Je?ábek??s result (Math Logic Q 52(6):613?C624, 2006) that ${T^{0}_{2} \preceq_{\forall \Sigma^{b}_{1}}S^{1}_{2}}$ is presented: It is shown that ${T^{0}_{2}}$ can be axiomatised as BASIC together with induction on sharply bounded formulas of one alternation. Within this ${\forall\Sigma^{b}_{1}}$ -theory, we define a ${\forall\Sigma^{b}_{0}}$ -theory, ${T^{-1}_{2}}$ , for the ${\forall\Sigma^{b}_{0}}$ -consequences of ${S^{1}_{2}}$ . We show ${T^{-1}_{2}}$ is weak by showing it cannot ${\Sigma^{b}_{0}}$ -define division by 3. We then consider what would be the analogous ${\forall\hat\Sigma^{b}_{1}}$ -conservative subtheory of ${R^{1}_{2}}$ based on Pollett (Ann Pure Appl Logic 100:189?C245, 1999. It is shown that this theory, ${{T}^{0,\left\{2^{(||\dot{id}||)}\right\}}_{2}}$ , also cannot ${\Sigma^{b}_{0}}$ -define division by 3. On the other hand, we show that ${{S}^{0}_{2}+open_{\{||id||\}}}$ -COMP is a ${\forall\hat\Sigma^{b}_{1}}$ -conservative subtheory of ${R^{1}_{2}}$ . Finally, we give a refinement of Johannsen and Pollett (Logic Colloquium?? 98, 262?C279, 2000) and show that ${\hat{C}^{0}_{2}}$ is ${\forall\hat\Sigma^{b}_{1}}$ -conservative over a theory based on open _cl-comprehension.     

定向图的斜Randic能量

图G是一个简单无向图,G~σ是图G在定向σ下的定向图,G被称作G~σ的基础图.定向图G~σ的斜Randi6矩阵是实对称n×n矩阵R_s(G~σ)=[(r_s)_(ij)].如果(v_i,v_j)是G~σ的弧,那么(r_s)_(ij)=(d_id_j)~(-1/2)且(r_s)_(ji)=(d_id_j)~(-1/2),否则(r_s)_(ij)=(r_s)_(ji)=0.定向图G~σ的斜Randi能量RE_s(G~σ)是指R_s(G~σ)的所有特征值的绝对值的和.首先刻画了定向图G~σ的斜Randi矩阵R_s(G~σ)的特征多项式的系数.然后给出了定向图G~σ的斜Randi能量RE_s(G~σ)的积分表达式.之后给出了RE_s(G~σ)的上界.最后计算了定向圈的斜Randi能量RE_s(G~σ).     

二部图形式的Erd\H{O}s-S\'{o}s猜想

二部图形式的Erd\H{O}s-S\''{o}s猜想     

图的{P4}——分解

一个图G的路分解是指一路集合使得G的每条边恰好出现在其中一条路上．记Pl长度为l-1的路，如果G能够分解成若干个Pl，则称G存在{Pl}——分解，关于图的给定长路分解问题主要结果有：（i）连通图G存在{P3}-分解当且仅当G有偶数条边（见[1]）；（ii）连通图G存在{P3，P4}-分解当且仅当G不是C3和奇树，这里C3的长度为3的圈而奇树是所有顶点皆度数为奇数的树（见[3]）．本文讨论了3正则图的{P4}--分解情况，并构造证明了边数为3k（k∈Z且k≥2）的完全图Kn和完全二部图Kr,s存在{P4}-分解.     

图的{P4}-分解

一个图G的路分解是指一路集合使得G的每条边恰好出现在其中一条路上.记Pl长度为l-1的路,如果G能够分解成若干个Pl,则称G存在{Pl}—分解.关于图的给定长路分解问题主要结果有:(i)连通图G存在{P3}—分解当且仅当G有偶数条边(见[1]);(ii)连通图G存在{P3,P4}—分解当且仅当G不是C3和奇树,这里C3的长度为3的圈而奇树是所有顶点皆度数为奇数的树(见[3]).本文讨论了3正则图的{P4}—分解情况,并构造证明了边数为3k(k热∈Z且k≥2)的完全图Kn和完全二部图Kr,s存在{P4}—分解.     

Distance-Regular Shilla Graphs with <Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript> = <Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>

A Shilla graph is defined as a distance-regular graph of diameter 3 with second eigen-value θ₁ equal to a₃. For a Shilla graph, let us put a = a₃ and b = k/a. It is proved in this paper that a Shilla graph with b₂ = c₂ and noninteger eigenvalues has the following intersection array:

$$\left\{ {\frac{{{b^2}\left( {b - 1} \right)}}{2},\frac{{\left( {b - 1} \right)\left( {{b^2} - b + 2} \right)}}{2},\frac{{b\left( {b - 1} \right)}}{4};1,\frac{{b\left( {b - 1} \right)}}{4},\frac{{b{{\left( {b - 1} \right)}^2}}}{2}} \right\}$$

If Γ is a Q-polynomial Shilla graph with b₂ = c₂ and b = 2r, then the graph Γ has intersection array

$$\left\{ {2tr\left( {2r + 1} \right),\left( {2r + 1} \right)\left( {2rt + t + 1} \right),r\left( {r + t} \right);1,r\left( {r + t} \right),t\left( {4{r^2} - 1} \right)} \right\}$$

and, for any vertex u in Γ, the subgraph Γ₃(u) is an antipodal distance-regular graph with intersection array

$$\left\{ {t\left( {2r + 1} \right),\left( {2r - 1} \right)\left( {t + 1} \right),1;1,t + 1,t\left( {2r + 1} \right)} \right\}$$

The Shilla graphs with b₂ = c₂ and b = 4 are also classified in the paper.

     

$\mathbb{Z}^{k}$-作用一维子系统的Lipschitz跟踪性

本文主要研究了$\mathbb{Z}^{k}$-作用一维子系统的跟踪性质. 文中运用两种等价的方式引入了$\mathbb{Z}^{k}$-作用一维子系统的伪轨以及跟踪性的概念. 对于一个闭黎曼流形上的光滑$\mathbb{Z}^{k}$-作用$T$, 我们通过诱导的非自治动力系统提出了Anosov方向的概念. 借助Bowen几何的方法, 我们证明了$T$沿着任意Anosov方向具有Lipschitz跟踪性.     

Signature and Spectral Flow of J-Unitary {\mathbb{S}^1} -Fredholm Operators

Bijective operators conserving the indefinite scalar product on a Krein space ${(\mathcal{K}, J)}$ are called J-unitary. Such an operator T is defined to be ${\mathbb{S}^1}$ -Fredholm if T?z 1 is Fredholm for all z on the unit circle ${\mathbb{S}^1}$ , and essentially ${\mathbb{S}^1}$ -gapped if there is only discrete spectrum on ${\mathbb{S}^1}$ . For paths in the ${\mathbb{S}^1}$ -Fredholm operators an intersection index similar to the Conley–Zehnder index is introduced. The strict subclass of essentially ${\mathbb{S}^1}$ -gapped operators has a countable number of components which can be distinguished by a homotopy invariant given by the signature of J restricted to the eigenspace of all eigenvalues on ${\mathbb{S}^1}$ . These concepts are illustrated by several examples.     

Linearity and Second Fundamental Forms for Proper Holomorphic Maps from \mathbb{B}^{n+1} to \mathbb{B}^{4n-3}

For a holomorphic proper map F from the ball $\mathbb{B}^{n+1}$ into $\mathbb{B}^{N+1}$ that is C ³ smooth up to the boundary, the image $M=F(\partial\mathbb{B}^{n})$ is an immersed CR submanifold in the sphere $\partial \mathbb{B}^{N+1}$ on which some second fundamental forms II _M and $\mathit{II}^{CR}_{M}$ can be defined. It is shown that when 4??n+1<N+1??4n?3, F is linear fractional if and only if $\mathit{II}_{M} - \mathit{II}_{M}^{CR} \equiv 0$ .     

On the continued fraction \frac{1 |}{| z } +\frac{1 |}{| 1 } + \frac{2 |}{| z } +\frac{3 |}{| 1 } + \frac{4 |}{| z} + \cdots

The article on hand deals with the continued fraction $$\frac{1 |}{| z } +\frac{1 |}{| 1 } + \frac{2 |}{| z } +\frac{3 |}{| 1 } + \frac{4 |}{| z} + \cdots.$$ The famous Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan has given a pre-presentation by a power series, but he however concealed a proof. Subsequently a proof has been established, but a direct verification is intricate. Here we give a quick and direct approach with comparitively little effort.