在中微子振荡中的CP破坏

讨论了中微子味混合与中微子振荡的理论,定量地研究了在中微子振荡中的CP破坏效应.在一类超对称模型中,计算了真空中中微子振荡几率和 CP破坏效应.     

中微子物理若干前沿问题

 在过去的几年间,大量的实验结果已经表明中微子有非零质量以及轻子味混合。这一进展为我们打开了一个全新的值得探索的基本粒子世界。关于中微子我们已经知道了多少,我们想要发现什么?本文将从理论与唯象的观点进行阐述。目前中微子物理的前沿问题主要包括:中微子真的发生味转化吗?有几代中微子?存在惰性中微子吗?中微子的质量是多少?中微子是马约拉纳粒子还是狄拉克粒子?轻子味混合矩阵的混合角有多大?轻子味混合矩阵包含CP破坏位相吗?如果包含,那么在中微子振荡和无中微子双β衰变中,这些位相会导致可探测的CP破坏效应吗?     

振荡中的中微子——中微子混合矩阵的提出与验证

<正>中微子是联系微观物质世界和宏观宇宙的桥梁,对人类理解物质基本组成及宇宙起源和演化至关重要。1956年,科温(C.Cowan)和莱因斯(F.Reines)等首次直接探测到了反应堆电子反中微子。1962年,布鲁克海文实验室发现μ中微子。日本物理学家立即提出描述中微子振荡的混合矩阵,即MNS混合矩阵。此前,苏联物理学家庞蒂科夫(B.Pontecorvo)也提出中微子混合和振荡概念。     

中微子非标准相互作用对大亚湾实验的影响

大亚湾中微子实验的目标是测量中微子混合矩阵中的最小混合角θ13.如果考虑中微子的非标准相互作用(NSIs),中微子的振荡概率公式要做相应的改写,其效应将和θ13纠缠在一起,从而降低了实验对θ13的敏感度(sensitivity).讨论了在NSIs存在的情况下大亚湾实验对θ13的敏感度,发现这个实验不可能同时测量出NSIs和θ13的值.由于当θ13=0时反应堆产生的反中微子将没有振荡现象(NSIs的效应也将消失),如果大亚湾实验测量到了中微子振荡效应,那将表明θ13≠0;但是,由于非零的θ13的效应和NSIs的效应有可能抵消而导致中微子没有振荡.如果大亚湾实验没有测量到中微子振荡,不能排除非零的θ13.     

难以捉摸的惰性中微子

<正>中微子总是带来惊奇。Wolfgang Pauli于1930年推测了中微子的存在。后来,物理学家们了解到中微子振荡,即已知的3种"味"(电子、μ子和τ子)的中微子在空间飞行时,周期性地相互转换。最近又发现,决定着中微子振荡的参数与理论预期截然不同。近来,费米实验室的MiniBooNE实验数据表明,μ中微子转换成电子中微子所飞过的距离,比通常发生中微子振荡的距离短得多。20世纪90年代末,Los Alamos的液体闪     

太阳中微子问题与非标准电弱模型

非标准电弱模型似乎可以说明长达二十几年的太阳中微子问题，３类不同味的中微子可以彼此振荡地转变．但这个模型要求中微子必须具有质量，从而将带来粒子物理学沉重而激动人心的变革．新的实验正在探索发现中微子振荡的证据     

具有整体代对称性的左右对称模型中的中微子质量

本文基于具有整体U(1)代对称性的SU(2)_L×SU(2)_R×U(1)模型推导了轻子的味混合矩阵,对中微子的质量问题进行了研究.在本文的模型中,产生轻子Dirac质量的汤川耦合拉格朗日密度具有整体U(1)代对称性,所以,模型中的带电轻子质量矩阵和中微子Dirac质量矩阵是Fritzsch形式的.但是,中微子除了具有Dirac质量,一般还具有Majorana质量,在这种一般情况下, 关键词： 中微子质量 轻子味混合矩阵 左右对称模型 代对称性     

中微子在介质中的共振振荡

 根据强、弱和电磁相互作用的大统一模型,如果中微子的质量不为零,就可能混合——在弱相互作用中产生的中微子的态v_e、v_μ、v_r是质量分别为m₁、m₂、m₃的中微子v₁、v₂、v₃的正交组合,混合的结果是中微子的振荡——一种中微子周期性地转变为另一种中微子的过程.Mikheyev和Smirnov指出,中微子在介质中振荡时,其混合角由于受物质的影响而“共振放大”,出现更强的振荡现象,称为“共振振荡”,为消除太阳中微子实验和中微子振荡实验的矛盾提供了新的理论.     

探索中微子之谜:回顾与展望

中微子的静质量是２０世纪末物理学中一个有待解决的重要问题,它在粒子物理学、宇宙学和天体物理学中占有重要的地位。文章首先评述了太阳中微子实验、大气中微子实验、超新星中微子实验和加速器中微子实验的历史、现状和发展。多年来的实验显示,中微子具有不为零的静质量,可以通过 不同的味之间转换。至少有两个理论描述了中微子振荡,即真空振荡机制和ＭＳＷ机制,文章讨论了这两个理论及其实验判据。最后,介绍了测量中微子静     

太阳中微子失踪案和中微子振荡

 (续前)五、“中微子振荡”是物理学家的法宝按照粒子物理的标准模型,中微子质量为零,它们以光速运动。存在着3种不同类型(即3种“味”)的中微子:电子型中微子(记为νｅ),μ-中微子(记为νμ)和τ-中微子(记为ντ),它们之间彼此不相关,分别只同电子、μ轻子和τ轻子密切相关。不过,早在戴维斯等人公布首批氯探测器的探测结果的1968年,庞托科沃就提出了这3种“味”的中微子很有可能互相来回地转化,称为“中微子振荡”。在太阳内部的热核燃烧过程中产生的中微子都是νｅ。但它们在从太阳到地球的漫长行进过程中,νｅ不断地转化为νμ和ντ。     

Texture zeros and majorana phases of the neutrino mass matrix

We present the generic formulas to calculate the ratios of neutrino masses and the Majorana phases of CP violation from the neutrino mass matrix with two independent vanishing entries in the flavor basis where the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal. An order-of-magnitude illustration is given for seven experimentally acceptable textures of the neutrino mass matrix, and some analytical approximations are made for their phenomenological consequences at low energy scales.     

Effect on Jarlskog Determinant Above the GUT Scale Within Four Flavor Neutrino Framework

We study the Planck scale effects on Jarlskog determiant in the four flavor framework. On electroweak symmetry breaking, quantum gravitational effects lead to an effective SU(2) × U(1) invariant dimension-5 Lagrangian including neutrino and Higgs forces, which perturbed the neutrino mass term and produce an extra terms in the neutrino mass matrix. We consider that gravitational interaction is independent from flavor and compute the Jarlskog determiant due to Planck scale effects. In the case of leptonic sector, the strentgh of CP violation is measured by Jarlskog determiant. We applied our approach to study Jarlskog determinant in the four flavor neutrino mixing above the GUT scale.

     

Complex CKM from spontaneous CP violation without flavor changing neutral current

We analyse the general constraints on unified gauge models with spontaneous CP breaking that satisfy the conditions that (i) CP violation in the quark sector is described by a realistic complex CKM matrix, and (ii) there is no significant flavor changing neutral current effects in the quark sector. We show that the crucial requirement in order to conform to the above conditions is that spontaneous CP breaking occurs at a very high scale by complex vevs of standard model singlet Higgs fields. Two classes of models are found, one consisting of pure Higgs extensions and the other one involving fermionic extensions of the standard model. We give examples of each class and discuss their possible embeddings into higher unified theories. One of the models has the interesting property that spontaneous CP violation is triggered by spontaneous P violation, thereby linking the scale of CP violation to the seesaw scale for neutrino masses.     

电荷-宇称(CP)对称性破坏和夸克-轻子味物理--写在CP破坏发现和夸克理论提出40周年之际

简要地介绍了与电荷-宇称(CP)对称性破坏和夸克-轻子味物理有关的一些重要进展.从1964年发现CP破坏和提出夸克理论至今,这个领域就一直成为粒子物理研究的前沿领域,已研究和发展了整整40年,取得了许多辉煌的成就.在这篇文章中,着重评述了目前仍然热门的几个主要的研究方向:直接CP破坏的理论研究和实验验证,CP破坏机制和新的CP破坏源,中微子物理和新的味物理,夸克味物理和有效量子场理论,标准模型中味物理参数的预言和超对称大统一理论.同时对我国有关研究组在这些前沿方向做出的重要贡献作了重点简述.可以看出,在CP破坏和味物理这个重要前沿领域,仍然存在着许多未解之谜,使得粒子物理在21世纪既面临着巨大的挑战,又有着不断发展的机遇.     

Predictive flavor symmetries of the neutrino mass matrix

Here we propose an A(4) flavor symmetry model that implies a lower bound on the neutrinoless double beta decay rate, corresponding to an effective mass parameter M{ee} > or similar to 0.03 eV, and a direct correlation between the expected magnitude of CP violation in neutrino oscillations and the value of sin{2}theta{13}, as well as a nearly maximal CP phase delta.     

Testing non-standard CP violation in neutrino propagation

Non-standard physics which can be described by effective four fermion interactions may be an additional source of CP violation in the neutrino propagation. We discuss the detectability of such a CP violation at a neutrino factory. We assume the current baseline setup of the international design study of a neutrino factory (IDS-NF) for the simulation. We find that the CP violation from certain non-standard interactions is, in principle, detectable significantly below their current bounds – even if there is no CP violation in the standard oscillation framework. Therefore, a new physics effect might be mis-interpreted as the canonical Dirac CP violation, and a possibly even more exciting effect might be missed.     

Non-unitary neutrino mixing and CP violation in the minimal inverse seesaw model

We propose a simplified version of the inverse seesaw model, in which only two pairs of the gauge-singlet neutrinos are introduced, to interpret the observed neutrino mass hierarchy and lepton flavor mixing at or below the TeV scale. This “minimal” inverse seesaw scenario (MISS) is technically natural and experimentally testable. In particular, we show that the effective parameters describing the non-unitary neutrino mixing matrix are strongly correlated in the MISS, and thus, their upper bounds can be constrained by current experimental data in a more restrictive way. The Jarlskog invariants of non-unitary CP violation are calculated, and the discovery potential of such new CP-violating effects in the near detector of a neutrino factory is discussed.     

A4-based tri-bimaximal mixing within inverse and linear seesaw schemes

We consider tri-bimaximal lepton mixing within low-scale seesaw schemes where light neutrino masses arise from TeV scale physics, potentially accessible at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Two examples are considered, based on the A₄$A_4$ flavor symmetry realized within the inverse or the linear seesaw mechanisms. Both are highly predictive so that in both the light neutrino sector effectively depends only on three mass parameters and one Majorana phase, with no CP violation in neutrino oscillations. We find that the linear seesaw leads to a lower bound for neutrinoless double beta decay while the inverse seesaw does not. The models also lead to potentially sizeable decay rates for lepton flavor violating processes, tightly related by the assumed flavor symmetry.     

About the Mixing and CP Violation in Neutrino System

Suppose that the geometrical explanation to the weak CP phase in quark sector is also valid for neutrinos, the mixing and CP violation in neutrino system are discussed. We find that a J_Cp larger than 3 × 10^-3 implies the large-mixing solution for solar neutrino problem. In the case of bi-maximal mixing, we predict relative large CP violation with J_Cp larger than 10^-3 in neutrino system, except the third mixing angle approaching to 0 or π/2 very closely.