多光谱可见光通信信道串扰分析

在可见光通信领域, 通过波分复用技术可以增加信道个数, 从而提高系统通信容量. 然而发光二极管(LED)的辐射光谱具有一定线宽, 当信道个数增加, 信道间隔将变小, 尽管有滤光片的通道选择, 但LED的辐射光谱会出现重叠从而产生信道串扰. 本文基于LED光谱重叠现象分析了多光谱波分复用可见光通信系统的信道串扰问题. 首先结合LED的物理机制和实际LED的光谱形状对其光谱进行建模; 然后根据光谱重叠现象和可见光通信信道推导出信道串扰公式; 最后利用不同中心波长的LED在两通道可见光通信系统中验证了信道串扰公式的正确性. 仿真和实验结果表明, 当两信道的信道间隔大于28 nm时, 两信道之间的信道串扰不超过-13.6 dB. 对多光谱波分复用可见光通信系统的信道串扰分析对未来可见光通信增加信道数量有一定指导作用.     

Aerosol optical properties measured in Argentina: wavelength dependence and variability based on sun photometer measurements

This paper deals with the spectral dependence and time variability of Ångström wavelength exponent scaling law (α), which is the spectral varying slope of the logarithmic relationship between aerosol optical depths (τ) and the wavelength (λ). It is commonly used to retrieve intensive air masses optical properties such as aerosol size distribution from extensive quantities (τ) and Ångström turbidity coefficient (β). This spectral variation of α is studied at different wavelengths from measurements taken by ground-based sun photometer covering from near-infrared to ultraviolet range. We analyze the spectral measurement of aerosols optical depths at eight specific selected wavelengths from 340 to 1020 nm using the sun photometer measurements from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) from NASA. Data from the entire year 2000 were used from instruments deployed at two different sites covering the regions of Argentina as northcentral at Cordoba CETT (31.5S, 64.4W) and “pampa húmeda” at Buenos Aires CEILAP (34.5S, 58.5W). A new approach of Ångström wavelength exponent spectral variation was developed to take into account with a more accurate precision the significant curvature appearing in the logarithmic relation between τ and λ. Using the direct spectral solar radiation set, time series of Ångström coefficient of turbidity and wavelength scaling law was computed with a day to day data base clustering with uncertainty lower than 0.01 in the optical depth reconstruction over the bulk sun photometer measurements. Temporal series of constant and spectral dependence of wavelength exponent scaling law and turbidity coefficient was derived and shown to vary in space and time. Different meteorological forcing for both sites was evidenced using a regression coefficient analysis to well assess the spectral dependence of wavelength exponent coefficient due to the different cumulating mode of particles and air masses origin at different sites. This spectral decomposition is a key issue in aerosols analysis of steady state and regional scale intrusion episodes with strong connection to their potential contribution of pollution episodes in air-quality problems on urban environment.     

含油岩心显微荧光成像光谱研究

发展了一种显微荧光光谱成像技术,并将其应用于天然岩心进行显微荧光成像光谱研究。利用这种技术同时采集含油岩心表面的荧光光谱信息和空间信息．并对获得的光谱图像给予光谱学和地质学解释。结果表明,不但能显示岩心形貌和组分的大致趋势,而且能揭示其精细细节．为石油地质研究提供了一种新方法,为今后的石油勘探开发工作提供了一种先进的指导手段。     

Influence of local waste burning on atmospheric aerosol properties in urban environment

Aerosols affect the radiative energy budget on both the regional and global scales. The wavelength-dependent aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a fundamental determinant of the amount by which extra-terrestrial incoming sunlight and outgoing terrestrial radiation are being attenuated in the atmosphere. The present study addresses the influence of local waste burning on aerosol characteristics, black carbon (BC) aerosol mass concentration and spectral solar irradiance using ground-based measurements over the tropical urban environment of Hyderabad, India. AOD has been observed to be maximum during burning days compared to normal days. Aerosol size spectra suggest bimodal distributions during pre-and post-burning periods and trimodal distributions during burning periods. Angstrom wavelength exponent estimated from spectral variation of AOD suggested dominance of accumulation mode particle loading during burning days compared to normal days. Diurnal variation of BC on normal days showed a broad nocturnal peak during ∼20:00 to ∼24:00 h with a maximum value of BC aerosol concentration of ∼14,000 ng m⁻³ whereas on local waste burning days enormous increases in BC concentrations have been observed with a peak at ∼60,000 ng m⁻³. Relative attenuation of global solar irradiance during burning days has been found to be of the order of 30% in the visible and 28% in the near-infrared regions. The results are discussed in detail in this paper.     

硅基纳米柱GaN-LED的制备与光谱特性分析

Ⅲ-Ⅴ族氮化物发光二极管因具有寿命长、尺寸小、高效、节能等优点,得到广泛的研究与应用。随着光通信、万物互联等领域的进一步发展,需要开发高质量的微纳光源和微纳光波导。纳米柱氮化镓发光二级管(GaN-LED)是一种重要的微纳光源,具有广阔的应用前景。另一方面,作为应用最广的硅半导体材料本身并不是直接半导体,发光效率低下而不能作为光源使用。因此,研究基于硅基板的纳米柱GaN-LED微纳光源具有非常重要的意义。采用射频分子束外延技术（MBE）在Si基板上沉积并生长具有GaN缓冲层、Si掺杂的n-GaN层、4个周期的InGaN/GaN量子阱层和Mg掺杂的p-GaN层的GaN基PN结构。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察其表面和侧面形貌,可观察到以一定的倾斜角度生长于衬底表面、排列紧密且整齐的纳米柱。利用微纳加工技术制备纳米柱GaN-LED,对已获得的纳米柱外延片进行SOG填充、FAB刻蚀,在p-GaN层和Si衬底侧蒸镀电极,并对LED两电极施加直流电压,进行I/V曲线和电致发光（EL）特性的测试。纳米柱GaN-LED的阈值电压为1.5 V,在室温下的峰值波长为433 nm。纳米柱结构可有效减小LED的阈值,在相同电压情况下,纳米柱LED的亮度更高,展现了良好的发光特性。GaN纳米材料与体材料相比,纳米结构中存在应力弛豫可以有效地降低位错密度,尺寸小于光生载流子或激子的扩散长度,因而能够减小光电子器件激活层中的局域化效应。通过TCAD仿真,对与实验结构相同的纳米柱GaN-LED两电极分别施加5,6和7 V的电压,可得到纳米柱LED的发光光谱。仿真结果显示纳米柱GaN-LED的发光波长在414～478 nm之间,发光颜色为天青蓝到蓝紫色之间,峰值波长为442 nm,发出鲜亮蓝色的光,与实验获得的EL光谱结果相近。随电压增大,发光光谱峰值波长减小,出现轻微的峰值波长蓝移。在纳米柱结构中InGaN/GaN区域产生强烈的极化效应,纳米柱结构在量子阱区域的载流子浓度增加,削弱了量子限制斯塔克效应,从而使LED波长峰值向高频率移动即蓝移。其次,纳米柱结构能够引起应力释放,也会引起峰值波长蓝移。     

Study of the Light Emitting Diode as a photoreceptor: Spectral and electrical characterization as function of temperature and lighting source

In this study, the temperature influence on the spectral responsivity of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) used as a photoreceptor, combined to light source spectrum is correlated to electrical characteristics in order to propose an alternative method to estimate LED junction temperature, regardless of the absolute illumination intensity and based on the direct correlation between the integral of the product of two optical spectra and the photo-generated currents. A laboratory test bench for experimental optical measurements has been set in order to enable any characterizing of photoelectric devices in terms of spectral behaviour, in a wavelength range placed between 400–1000?nm, and of current-voltage characteristics as function of temperature by using two different illumination sources. The temperature is analysed in a range from 5?°C up to 85?°C, so as to evaluate thermal variation effects on the sensor performance. The photo-generated current of two LEDs with different peak wavelengths has been studied. Research has observed and mathematically analysed what follows: since the photo-generated current strictly depends on the combination between the spectral response of the photoreceptor and the lighting source response, it becomes possible to estimate indirectly the junction temperature of the LEDs by considering the ratio between the photogenerated currents obtained by using two different illumination sources. Such results may for one thing increase knowledge in the fields where LEDs are used as photo-detectors for many applications and for another, they could be extended to generic photodetectors, thus providing useful information in photovoltaic field, for instance.     

基于发光二极管探测器的太阳光度计的研究

介绍了一种采用商用发光二极管作为探测器的新型太阳光度计。阐述了系统的结构以及该仪器在监测气溶胶光学厚度领域的应用,并与传统的太阳光度计进行了对比试验。试验表明,两种仪器具有很好的一致性。     

基于LED峰值的太阳光谱合成方法

为了利用不同波段LED快速准确地模拟太阳光谱,基于LED的光谱合成原理,提出了一种利用LED光谱峰值波长处的数据合成太阳光谱的方法,简化了太阳光谱的拟合过程。首先,建立所有LED峰值波长处的函数方程组,利用约束最小二乘法确定各波段的拟合参数。进而,通过3组等间隔的LED光谱数据组对该方法进行了仿真分析,间隔40,30,20 nm的LED合成光谱与目标光谱相关系数对应为0.902,0.935,0.977,并对合成光谱失真处进行了分析和修正。最后,根据所选LED的实际光谱对太阳光谱进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明：合成光谱与太阳光谱最大失配误差为4%,达到AM1.5的A级标准,满足LED太阳模拟器光谱匹配要求。     

基于啁啾相移光纤光栅的滤波器设计及应用

相移光纤光栅作为透射型带通滤波器件降低了使用成本和插入损耗.在光通信和传感领域有着较高的应用价值.啁啾相移光纤光栅的透射峰波长和数量由相移点的位置和数量来确定,透射峰特性受相移量的影响.采用分段切趾的方法获得满足光通信要求的滤波特性,利用传输矩阵法分析了切趾前后透射峰特性的变化,结果表明:切趾改善了滤波器的幅度和相位响应,依据滤波器的设计要求选取不同的切趾函数以及切趾比例;切趾还大大减弱了透射峰波长和深度对相移量的敏感度,适当切趾后相移量的影响可以忽略.并提出一种应用双通道啁啾相移光纤光栅滤波器产生脉冲毫米波副载波信号的方案.     

基于气溶胶光学厚度反演大气气溶胶尺度分布

介绍一种基于气溶胶光学厚度测量反演大气气溶胶尺度分布的新方法. 从实测气溶胶光学厚度出发，依据严格的Mie散射理论，将气溶胶尺度分布函数离散，采用线性回归法确定气溶胶尺度分布. 还通过对多重共线性的讨论，确定了用于反演气溶胶尺度分布的光谱波段.     

两种荧光粉混合涂覆的白光LED的光谱方程的建立

为了有效地模拟两种荧光粉混合涂覆的白光LED的发光光谱,选用了硅酸盐系列的绿色荧光粉与高显粉系列的红色荧光粉,应用英国Edinburgh FLS920P型荧光光谱仪,对绿色荧光粉与红色荧光粉进行荧光光谱的实验测量,得到绿色荧光粉发射峰在527 nm,红色荧光粉发射峰在641 nm。配置浓度为7%~17%,比例为3∶1~3∶2的样本,共144个,应用杭州远方色谱有限公司的HAAS-2000高精度光谱辐射计测量LED发光光谱,最后处理数据,得到拟合函数,在这些函数的基础上构建出了光谱方程,该光谱方程是模拟两种荧光粉的浓度和比例的系统方法。为了较为准确的预测出两种荧光粉混合后涂覆于蓝光芯片的发光光谱,对于实验中的数据进行了三维曲面拟合,得出荧光粉的浓度与比例和绿修正系数与红修正系数之间的函数关系式。将得出的绿修正系数和红修正系数的函数关系式应用到光谱方程中,得出最终模拟白光LED发光光谱的一种新方法。并且用了两组的模拟光谱图与实验的光谱图进行对比,发现两种光谱图的吻合效果都较为良好。说明这种模拟白光LED的新方法确实可行,且预测的两种荧光粉混合后涂覆于蓝光芯片的发光光谱较为准确。该方法将具体的荧光粉的质量比和浓度与LED的发光光谱图联系了起来,而之前的大多数研究都是将光谱功率分布与LED发光光谱图联系起来,并未涉及到荧光粉的质量比与浓度。在建立了具体的光谱方程之后,可以在没有实验仪器和不做实验的情况下,根据两种荧光粉的质量比,以及与AB胶混合后的浓度直接得出最终的模拟白光光谱,可以摆脱实验仪器以及其他因素的限制。并且为制备具有特定光谱特性的白光LED提供了新思路,具有一定的实用价值。     

LED-based spectrally tunable light source with optimized f itting

According to the LED spectra measured in the rated current, Gauss distribution function and asymmetric Gaussian distribution function methods are used to simulate the individual LED spectrum. Based on this mathematical model, 32 LEDs are used to synthesize arbitrary spectral distribution of the light source. Processing the spectral data with multiple linear regressions, CIE illuminant A and CIE illuminant D65 are simulated. The results show that for each LED, different Gauss models should be used. The simulation results are quite satisfying. However, there is a difference between the simulation results and the experimental results. The spectral evaluation indices of fitted both CIE illuminant A and CIE illuminant D65 do not exceed 2.5%. But in experiment, because of the changes of the peak wavelength and the FWHM caused by the current, the spectral evaluation indices of fitted CIE illuminant A and CIE illuminant D65 are around 5%.     

双波长米散射激光雷达探测对流层气溶胶消光特性

新近研制了一台基于532和1 064 nm的双波长米散射激光雷达(dual-wavelength lidar,简称DWL),用于探测对流层大气气溶胶可见和红外波段的消光特性及其时空分布,同时用于粒子尺度谱垂直分布特征的研究。系统采用4个通道分别用于接收对流层下部和中上部532及1 064 nm的大气回波信号,有效地缩短了获取大气信息的时间。采用窄带滤光片,并借助光阑,将接收的激光大气回波信号谱线(米散射和瑞利散射光谱)从天空太阳背景噪声中分离,提高系统的白天探测能力。叙述了雷达系统的总体结构和技术参数以及数据处理方法。利用该雷达对合肥地区(117.16°E, 31.90°N)上空的气溶胶进行了探测。给出了对流层大气气溶胶532及1 064 nm消光系数的垂直廓线及其时空分布典型探测结果。分析了气溶胶波长依赖指数的空间垂直分布。讨论了对流层大气气溶胶光学厚度月变化。观测和分析结果表明,双波长具备昼夜连续观测对流层大气气溶胶的能力,可以很好的反映气溶胶粒子的时间和空间分布特征。     

Thermally switchable and discretely tunable comb filter with a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel switchable and discretely tunable comb filter based on a thermally induced linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating. Experimentally we achieved a thermally induced optical bandpass filter that has eight switchable passband peaks with peak separations of 1.6 and 3.2 nm, a very narrow bandwidth (as small as 10 pm) of each peak, a tunable range of 16.5 nm, and a greater than 25 dB rejection ratio. Two spectral peaks separated by only 0.8 nm were also obtained with this comb filter. This filter provides the unique advantages of an all-fiber structure, switchable spectral peaks, independent tuning of the center wavelength and wavelength spacing of the spectral peaks, low polarization sensitivity, simple structure, ease of fabrication, and low cost.     

Influence of the spectral power distribution of a LED on the illuminance responsivity of a photometer

The measurement accuracy in the photometric quantities measured through photometer head is determined by the value of the spectral mismatch correction factor (c(S_t,S_s)), which is defined as a function of spectral power distribution of light sources, besides illuminance responsivity of the photometer head used. This factor is more important when photometric quantities of the light-emitting diode (LED) style optical sources, which radiate within relatively narrow spectral bands as compared with that of other optical sources, are being measured. Variations of the illuminance responsivities of various V(λ)-adopted photometer heads are discussed. High-power-colored LEDs, manufactured by Lumileds Lighting Co., were used as light sources and their relative spectral power distributions (RSPDs) were measured using a spectrometer-based optical setup. Dependences of the c(S_t,S_s) factors of three types of photometer heads (f₁′=1.4%, f₁′=0.8% and f₁′=0.5%) with wavelength and influences of the factors on the illuminance responsivities of photometer heads are presented.     

Infrared Thermal Emission,Reflection, and Transmission of GaAs Periodic Microstructures

Experimental and theoretical study of thermal emission, transmission, and reflection from bare and coated one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) grating structures on GaAs substrates was carried out. Our experiments have revealed strong correlation between the spectra of thermal emission and the microstructure dimensions. The emissivity enhancement and diminution depends on the groove depth and the spectral range (below or above Rayleigh wavelength). The effects can be attributed to diverse mechanisms: emission escape due to emerging diffraction-order beams, vertical-cavity modes, enhanced optical transmission phenomenon, and electron plasma effect.     

不同波长激发光对血清荧光光谱影响的实验研究

采用日本岛津荧光光度计RF5301,研究了血清的荧光光谱与激发光波长的关系。实验结果表明：在不同波长的紫外光激励下,血清产生的荧光光谱线型及峰值波长基本相同,与激励光波长无关,但荧光峰强度随激励光波长变化而变化。血清的荧光光谱有两个较强的荧光发射区,其中第一个发射区处于300～410 nm,第二个发射区处于410～530 nm。当激发光波长小于310 nm,荧光主要集中在第一发射区,荧光峰位于330和370 nm处,并产生竞争现象。当激发光波长大于250 nm时,只出现330 nm处的荧光峰,其最佳激励光波长为300 nm;当激发光波长大于320 nm,第一发射区的荧光变弱,在第二发射区的荧光变强,荧光峰位于452 nm。此研究为血液的光谱特性研究提供了实验依据,对光诱导荧光光谱诊断技术中激发光波长的选择具有一定的参考价值。     

中心波长121.6nm的真空紫外窄带滤光片设计和制备

采用双半波法布里-珀罗(F-P)干涉滤光片结构设计了中心波长在121.6 am的窄带滤光片,其峰值透射率为6.78%,通带半宽度为10.7 nm.通过设计、制备和测量峰值波长在217 nm的滤光片验证了设计用到的光学常数和膜厚定标都比较精确.在此基础上制备了121.6 nm的窄带滤光片,到合肥同步辐射实验室测量的结果是中心波长在120.74 nm,峰值透射率为5.94%,通带半宽度为12 nm.可以看出实际制备的滤光片和预先设计的基本吻合但还是有一定的偏差,最后对实际测量的和理论设计的偏差进行了分析.     

胶体金纳米颗粒的表面等离子体发射特性

利用电化学方法制备出粒径为20-80 nm的胶体金纳米颗粒。研究其荧光发射光谱特性,在485nm处观察到表面自由电子集体激发导致的表面等离子体共振发射峰,其位置不随激励光波长的变化而移动。当激励光波长为485 nm时,观察到最强的发射峰。在240和640 nm处,还观察到倍频发射峰和3/4分频发射峰。增加金纳米颗粒粒径,观察到发射谱的峰值增大而发射峰的位置只有很小的红移。     

高光谱分辨率激光雷达鉴频器的设计与分析

提出了利用Fabry-Perot干涉仪的反射场实现高光谱分辨率激光雷达精细探测大气光学参量的新方法和思路.设计了高光谱分辨率的分光系统,并分析了干涉仪反射场的光谱透过特征曲线.结合高光谱激光雷达探测信号特征,讨论分析了谱分离比和瑞利信号透过率随反射率和腔长的变化曲线,同时结合误差传递公式,建立了仿真分析模型,讨论了回波光束发散角和入射角变化对激光雷达探测结果的影响.结果表明,所提出的Fabry-Perot干涉仪反射场可以实现高光谱分辨率激光雷达探测系统的精细分光,同时探测结果误差随回波光束发散角变化不敏感,控制发散角在10 mrad以内,入射角在1.5 mrad以内时,可以实现气溶胶光学参数廓线的高精度探测.