论广义力的涨落

应用系统理论和准热力学方法，计算了气体压强和电介质极化强度的涨落。结果表明，这两个量在正则系统和巨正则系统的涨落均在数值上的差异，准热力学方法对气体压强的涨落给出的结果和巨正则系综相同，对电介质极化强度的涨落所得结果则和正则系缩相同，文中阐明了这些结果异同的原因。     

On the existence of hydrodynamic fluctuation forces

The form of fluctuating hydrodynamic forces has been derived recently [R.B. Jones, Physica 105A (1981) 395] from the stochastic fluid equations of Landau and Lifshitz. We show by general physical arguments as well as by a direct calculation that such forces do not exist in the classical limit.     

Weak interactions of the fifth quark and fifth lepton

New weak interactions of the b-quark and the τ^?-lepton are discussed in a gauge model with exact Cabibbo universality for the light quarks. The model is consistent with all observed neutral current data and leads to new signals in the decay of bb? states to electrons.     

On weaker forces than gravity

The limits on hypothetical new interactions with a range accessible to detection by laboratory and geophysical experiments are briefly reviewed, and the limits at larger distances imposed by a rich body of astronomical observations are elaborated on. The systematic deviations correlated with baryon number that have recently been unearthed from the data of Eötvös' classical experiment, can bravely but consistently be interpreted as a new force whose range is narrowly bracketed somewhere in between Mercury's distance to the sun and our distance to the moon. This hypothetical long-range interaction would be five and a half orders of magnitude weaker than gravity. The new force would make like bodies attract, and would therefore not constitute an elegant explanation of why protons have not been seen to decay.     

On the bond forces in metals. II

For a number of metals with a cubic crystal lattice an estimate has been made of the pair interaction energy as part of the metallic bond energy obtained in [1] by a statistical method.     

On ponderomotive forces in laser beams

The close connection is established between the ponderomotive force potential and the wave radiated by an electron oscillating in the electromagnetic field of a laser beam and in the magnetostatic field.One of the authors (V. P.) would like to thank the University of N. S. W. for the kind hospitality during his stay there; this author also thanks S. N. Lozovski for bringing some aspects of this problem to his attention as early as in the year 1975. The authors thank R. Klíma for his valuable comments.     

On radiation forces in dissipative plasma

The dissipation of the mechanical and the electromagnetic momentum densities in contrast to the dissipation of the electromagnetic momentum density only is discussed in a simple model.The author thanks R. Klíma for discussions.     

On the role of image forces in chemisorption theory

The Extended Anderson Hamiltonian is used to study the effect of fluctuations of an adatom charge Q on the ionic part of the chemisorption energy. It is shown that dynamical effects essentially modify the classical expression E = ? ?Q² for the energy of interaction between a static charge Q and a metal (? is the interaction energy for a unit charge). The exact solution for the one-electron two-level model as well as a variational solution for the Extended Anderson Hamiltonian model are given. Validity conditions for a variety of approximate schemes are studied. The results are presented for the Extended Anderson Hamiltonian model parameterized so as to describe some aspects of the Li/W and Li/Mo chemisorption systems.     

On the inverse problem for forces independent of the velocities

The conditions in order that a system of differential equations of the kind $\text{x}\text{?}\text{= F(t,x)}$ admits a second order lagrangian formulation are studied.     

Molecular orientation by surface forces: I. On the replication of surface forces by plastic materials

We have attempted to replicate the surface electrical profile of freshly cleaved sodium chloride crystals using materials with known electret characteristics such as; polyethylene; polyvinyl acetate; polymethyl methacrylate; polyvinyl chloride; polystyrene and carnauba wax. Only P.V.C. replicas exhibit surface orientational properties. A theory is presented to account for the orientation of polar organic molecules on polyvinyl chloride replicas of sodium chloride surfaces and evidence is reported for the existence of long range surface forces arising from gross crystallographic defects.     

On three body forces in solid argon

The influence of the three body v. d. Waals forces on properties of solid argon is calculated. The binding energy, zero point energy, elastic constants, and compressibility are computed using different two body forces fitted to the second virial coefficient of the gas and the lattice constant of the crystal.     

On the interpretation of random forces derived by projection operators

We study the derivation of a Langevin equation from a microscopic basis in order to elucidate the nature of the random force. We arrive at the conclusion that the consistent interpretation of the microscopic Langevin equation in terms of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) is according to I o rules. In addition, the random force is in general not Gaussian, and it is hence not completely characterized by its second moments.     

On the hidden supersymmetry of Fokker-Planck equations with potential forces

It is shown that the Martin-Siggie-Rose generating functional dissipative dynamics in the field of potential forces can be rewritten in the form of a functional integral for an euclidean supersymmetric field theory. The existence of a non-equilibrium steady state is equivalent to spontaneous supersymmetry breaking. A supersymmetric diagram technique, which is a convenient covariant form of the conventional dynamic diagram technique is derived.     

On the macroscopic theory of retarded Van der Waals forces

The Lifshitz formula for the retarded dispersion force between two dielectric media at zero temperature is derived by a simple macroscopic method.     

On the dispersion forces between molecules in an active medium

The theoretical analysis by Fröhlich and by Genzel of a medium's influence on the dispersion forces between molecules is criticized. A corrected treatment is given for some model systems. No anomalies are apparent.