Metal chelates of ligands containing the ONS donor grouping,Part II. Metal chelates of schiff bases derived from β-diketones and α-N-Methyl-S-methyldithiocarbazate

Summary The Schiff bases RC(OH)=CHC(R)=NNMeC(S)SMe (R = Ph,p-MeC₆H₄, R = Me; R = R = Ph) have been prepared by condensation of -diketones with -N-methyl-S-methyldithiocarbazate. By the loss of a proton they act as singly negatively charged tridentate ligands with oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur donor atoms (ONS). Iron forms the high-spin complexes [Fe^III(ONS)₂][Fe^IIICl₄]. Copper(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II) yield the square-planar 1 : 1 complexes, M(ONS)CI (M = Cu, Pd, Pt) and Cu(ONS)NO₃. Cobalt(II) and nickel(II) form high-spin, six-coordinate 1 : 2 complexes, M(ONS)₂. For M = Ni and R = R = Ph, the complex is high-spin and octahedral, but when R = Ph orp-MeC₆ H₄ and R = Me, the complexes are diamagnetic and square-planar with nitrogen and sulphur (NS) coordinatio of the Schiff base, indicating that a change in the Rgroup can bring about a change in spin-state and stereochemistry of nickel.Part I: see ref. 1.     

Schiff base complexes of dioxouranium(VI), III. Commun.: Dioxouranium(VI) complexes of bibasic tetradentateSchiff bases

Bibasic tetradentateSchiff bases having the donor system OH–NX–NX–OH have been shown to form UO₂(NO₃)₂(SBH₂) type of derivatives [SBH₂ is the molecule of the bibasic tetradentateSchiff bases such as HOC₆H₄C(R) N(CH₂) _n NC(R)C₆H₄OH (where R=H or CH₃ andn=2 or 3) and HOC(R)CHC(CH₃)N(CH₂) _n NC(CH₃)CH C(R)OH (where R=CH₃ or C₆H₅ andn=2 or 3)]. The 11 stoichiometry of these complexes is shown by elemental analysis and conductometric titrations. The molar conductence values in nitrobenzene indicate the non-electrolytic behaviour and the magnetic susceptibility measurements by the Gouy method show these complexes to be diamagnetic.With 1 Figure     

Zur Reaktion von Fluorsilanen mit lithiierten Aminen

The reaction of fluorosilanes with lithium salts of bulky amines like tetramethyl-piperidine and di-tert. butylamine leads to stable aminofluorosilanes of the type R-SiF₂-NRR [R=F, C(CH₃)₃, C₆H₅, C₆H₄N(CH₃)₂]. Lithium salts of silylamines react analogously: R₂Si(NR-SiF₂R)₂ (R=R= =CH₃, R=C₆H₅). An eight membered Si–N-ring is obtained in the reaction of a disubstituted silylaminofluorosilane with the dilithium salt of a silylamine. The mass-,¹H-, and¹⁹F-NMR spectra of the above mentioned compounds are reported.     

Kinetics and mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of dichloro{1-methyl-2-(arylazo)imidazole}palladium(II) by pyridine bases

The reaction of dichloro{1-methyl-2-(arylazo)imidazole}palladium(II), Pd(RaaiMe)Cl₂ where RaaiMe = p-R–C₆H₄N=N–C₃H₂N₂-1-Me; R = H(1), Me(2), Cl(3), with pyridine bases [RPY: R = H (a), 4-Me (b), 4-Cl (c), 2-Me (d), 2,6-Me₂ (e), 2,4,6-Me₃ (f)] has been studied spectrophotometrically in MeCN at 451 nm. The products (4) have been isolated and characterised as trans-Pd(RPy)₂Cl₂. The kinetics of the nucleophilic substitution has been examined under pseudo-first-order conditions at 298 K. A single phase reaction step has been observed for bases such as Hpy (a), 4-MePy (b) and 4-ClPy (c) and follows the rate law: rate = (a + k[RPy]²[Pd(RaaiMe)Cl₂]). The bases 2-MePy (d), 2,6-Me₂Py (e) and 2,4,6-Me₃Py (f) exhibits a bi-phasic reaction and follows the rate laws: rate–1 = (a + k[RPy][Pd(RaaiMe)Cl₂]) and rate–2 = (a + k[RPy][Pd(RaaiMe)-Cl₂]), where k is the third-order rate constant; k is the second-order first phase rate constant, k is the second-order second phase rate constant and a/a/a correspond to the solvent dependent constant of the respective reaction path. The rate data supports a nucleophilic association path. External addition of Cl^– (LiCl) suppresses the rate, which follows the order: k/k/k (3) > k/k,k (1) > k/k,k (2). The k values are linearly related to the Hammett constants. The 2-substituted pyridines (d–f) remarkably reduce the rate and show a bi-phasic reaction behaviour as compared with 4-Rpy (a–c). This is attributed to the steric effect that destabilises the transition state. The rate decreases with increasing steric crowding at the ortho-position and follows the order: (d) > (f) > (e). The 4-substituted pyridines control the rate via an inductive effect and follow the order: (b) > (a) > (c).     

Isocyanide complexes of rhodium,part 31,2. Tetrakisisocyanide species four- and five-coordinate mixed isocyanide-tertiary phosphine complexes,and some oxidative-additions

Summary The complexes [Rh(CNR)₄][PF₆] (R = Et, C₆H₁₁,-NH₂C₆H₄ or I-C₁₀H₇),trans-[Rh(CNR)₂(PRR ₂ ^" )₂][PF₆] (R = R = Ph, R = Et, C₆H₁₁, -NH₂C₆H₄ or 1-C₁₀H₇; R= Me, R = Ph or R= Ph, R= Me, R= 1-C₁₀H₇) and [Rh(CNR)₃(PPh₃)₂][PF₆] (R = Me, Et or C₆H₁₁) have been prepared by treatment of [Rh(CO)₂Cl]₂ or Rh(CO)(PPh₃)₂Cl with RNC, or of [Rh(CNC₁₀H₇)₄][PF₆] with PRR₂ (R, R = Me, Ph). Addition of -ClC₆H₄NC to [Rh(CNEt)₂(PPh₃)₂][PF₆] gives [Rh(CNEt)₂(CNC₆H₄Cl-)(PPh₃)₂][PF₆]. Reactions of [Rh(CNR)₄][PF₆] and [Rh(CNR)₂(PPh₃)₂][PF₆] (R = Me, Et, C₆H₁₁ or 1-C₁₀H₇) with halogens, MeI, McCOCl, CF₃I, HgCl₂ and SO₂, are discussed briefly. The i.r. and¹H n.m.r. spectra show that the products aretrans-[ Rh(CNR)₄XY][PF₆] andtrans-[Rh(CNR)₂(PPh₃)2XY][PF₆].     

Die Schwingungsspektren von Trimethylsilyl-alkyl-bzw.-phenyl-aminen

Zusammenfassung Die Infrarot- und die Raman-Spektren der Silylamine (CH₃)₃Si–NH–R (R=CH₃, C₂H₅ und C₆H₅) sowie der analogen N-deuterierten Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt und analysiert. Starke Kopplungen führen zu einer Mischung vonv SiN bei etwa 700 cm^–1 mit anderen Schwingungen des C₃Si–NHR-Skelettes.

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The Infrared and Raman spectra of the silylamino compounds (CH₃)₃Si–NH–R (R=CH₃, C₂H₅, and C₆H₅) and the analogous N-deuterated species are reported and assigned. The SiN stretching mode at about 700 cm^–1 is strongly coupled with other vibrations of the molecules.

     

Synthesis and Structural Studies of Group 2B Transition Metal Complexes with the Bulky Nitrogen Ligand Bis[<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) imino]acenaphthene

Summary. Group 2B transition metal complexes of bis[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (o,o-iPr₂C₆H₃-BIAN), namely, [Hg(o,o-iPr₂C₆H₃-BIAN)Cl₂] (1), [Zn(o,o-iPr₂C₆H₃-BIAN)₂](ClO₄)₂ (2), and [Cd(o,o-iPr₂C₆H₃-BIAN)₂](ClO₄)₂ (3) have been synthesized and characterized. In complexes 2 and 3, IR, NMR, and conductivity measurements confirm the coordination of two (o,o-iPr₂C₆H₃-BIAN) ligands to the metal center with two discrete perchlorate anions. X-Ray crystal structure of 1 indicates a distorted tetrahedral geometry with two nitrogen atoms from (o,o-iPr₂C₆H₃-BIAN) ligand and two chloride atoms coordinating to the Hg(II) center.     

[3]Ferrocenophanes with a tetramethyldisiloxane bridge: Synthesis and molecular structure

Summary 6,6,8,8-Tetramethyl-7-oxa-6,8-disila[3]ferrocenophane2 was obtained from the di(alkoxysilyl) ferrocene (H₄C₅SiMe₂OR)₂Fe (R=CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe) by hydrolysis and subsequent intramolecular disiloxane formation. 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,8,8-Dodecamethyl-7-oxa-6,8-disila-[3]ferrocenophane3 was formed by air oxidation of 2,23,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecamethyl-6,7-disila[2]ferrocenophane. The crystal structures of both compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (2:a=8.5330(10),b=15.610(3),c=18.774(5)Å, =70.68(2), =77.94(2), =75.150(10)°,V=2259.8(8)ų,Z=6, space group P ,R=0.045,R _w =0.044;3:a=12.388(3),b=9.924(3),c=19.136(10)Å, =105.11(3)°,V=2271.2(15)ų,Z=4, space group P2₁/c,R=0.076,R _w =0.060). Owing to the flexibility of the disiloxane bridge,2 and3 are unstrained molecules.

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[3]Ferrocenophane mit Tetramethyldisiloxan-Brücke: Synthese und Molekülstruktur

Zusammenfassung 6,6,8,8-Tetramethyl-7-oxa-6,8-disila[3]-ferrocenophan2 entsteht aus dem Di(alkoxysilyl)ferrocen (H₄C₅SiMe₂OR)₂Fe (R=CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OMe) durch Hydrolyse und anschließende intramolekulare Disiloxan-Bildung. 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,8,8-Dodecamethyl-7-oxa-6,8-disila[3]ferrocenophan3 wurde durch Luftoxidation von 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-Dodecamethyl-6,7-disila[2]ferrocenophan erhaeten. Die Kristallstrukturen beider Verbindungen wurden durch Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt (2:a=8.5330(10),b=15.610(3),c=18.774(5)Å, =70.68(2), =77.94(2), =75.150(10)°,V=2259.8(8)ų,Z=6, Raumgruppe P ,R=0.045,R _w =0.044;3:a=12.388(3),b=9.924(3),c=19.136(10)Å, =105.11(3)°,V=2271.2(15)ų,Z=4, Raumgruppe P2₁/c,R=0.076,R _w =0.060). Wegen der Flexibilität der Disiloxan-Brücke sind2 und3 ungespannte Moleküle.

     

Synthesis and physico-chemical studies of some polynuclear mixed carboxylate complexes of nickel(II)

A number of polynuclear mixed carboxylates of nickel(II) with the general composition [Ni(OOCCH₃)_2–n (OOCR) _n ] _x (whereR=C₁₃H₂₇, C₁₅H₃₁, C₁₇H₃₅ and C₂₁H₄₃ andn=1 or 2) have been synthesized by the transacylation reactions of anhydrous nickel acetate with higher carboxylic acids in refluxing toluene. On recrystallization from benzene-alcohol mixtures, mono-alcoholate complexes, Ni(OOCCH₃)_2–n (OOCR) _n ·ROH (whereR=CH₃ and C₂H₅) have been isolated. All these derivatives have been characterized by the molecular weight determinations, infra-red and electronic reflectance spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

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Synthese und Eigenschaften einiger gemischter Carboxylat-Komplexe von Nickel(II)

Zusammenfassung Komplexe des Typs [Ni(OOCCH₃)_2–n (OOCR) _n ] _x (mitR=C₁₃H₂₇, C₁₅H₃₁, C₁₇H₃₅ und C₂₁H₄₃,n=1 oder 2) wurden aus wasserfreiem Nickelacetat mit höheren Carbonsäuren in siedendem Toluol erhalten. Bei der Kristallisation aus Benzol-Alkohol-Mischungen wurden Monoalkoholate Ni(OOCCH₃)_2–n (OOCR) _n ·ROH (mitR=CH₃ und C₂H₅) isoliert. Die Charakterisierung der Komplexe erfolgte mittels Molekulargewichtsbestimmung, Infrarot- und Elektronenspektren und der Messung der magnetischen Susceptibilität.

     

The supramolecular structures and reactivities of some complexes of chiral crown ethers with borane ammonia

Whereas 1 1 crystalline complexes have been isolated between borane ammonia and methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy--d-galactopyranosido [2,3-b]-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclo-octadecane (1), methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy--d-mannopyranosido [2,3-b] (methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy--d-mannopyranosido [2,3-k]-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclo-octadecane (3), and (1R,2R,7R,24R)-3,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,28-decaoxatricyclo-[21.4.0.0^2,7]octacosane (4), the hosts, methyl, 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy--d-mannopyranosido[2,3-b] 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclo-octadecane (2) and 1,4 1,4 3,6 3,6-tetra-anhydro-2,2 5,5-bis-O-oxydiethylenedi-d-mannitol (5) have yielded 2 1 (guest:host) crystalline complexes with borane ammonia as guest. X-ray analyses of the supramolecular structures of BH₃NH₃ ·1, (BH₃NH₃)₂ ·2, BH₃NH₃ ·3, BH₃NH₃ ·4, and (BH₃NH₃)₂ ·5 have been carried out and BH₃NH₃ ·1, BH₃NH₃ ·2, and (BH₃NH₃)₂ ·5 have been shown to reduce acetophenone with enantiomeric excesses of 5, 13, and 10% respectively. Supplementary Data relating to this article (atomic coordinates of the hydrogen atoms and thermal parameters) are deposited with the British Library as Supplementary Publication No. SUP 82017 (74 pages).Dedicated to Professor H. M. Powell.     

Organometallic complexes containing thiosemicarbazone and related ligands. Part II(1). η3-allyl dicarbonyl complexes of molybdenum(II) with attached thiosemicarbazone ligands

Summary The -allylmolybdenum(II) complexes [MoX(CO)₂-(NCMe)₂(³-C₃H₄R)] (X=Cl, Br and I; R=H and 2-Me) react either in dichloromethane or acetonitrile with thiosemicarbazones to give the new complexes [MoX-(CO)₂(RRCNNHCSNH₂)(³-C₃H₄R)] (R=H or Me; R'=Me, Et, Pr or Ph)via displacement of acetonitrile ligands.     

Investigation of conjugation in the Si-O-C-C-N system by nuclear magnetic resonance

The proton-magnetic-resonance spectra were investigated for 19 -aminoethoxysilanes in the R_4-nSi(OCH₂CH₂NR₂)_n and R_3-m(CH₂CH₂OR)_m series, where R=CH₃, C₂H₅, or C₆H₅; R=H, CH₃, C₂H₅, or Si(CH₃)₃; and the values of n and m are 1–4 and 1–3, respectively. In the Si-O-C-C-N system the effect of substituents at the nitrogen or silicon atoms is transmitted either by conjugation in the chain or, when the conjugation is broken, by an induction mechanism.     

The solid-state structure of (+)-(i)-menthyl 2-formamido-4, 4,4-trifluorobutanoate and the hydrogenation of the 2-butenoate precursor

Hydrogenation ofZ-(–)-(1R, 3R, 4S)-menthyl 2-formamido-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate catalyzed by Pd/C was performed at atmospheric pressure to yield a mixture of (2R, 1R, 3R, 4S)- and (2S, 1R, 3R, 4S)-menthyl 2-formamido-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate diastereomers in a 5545 ratio, respectively. Repeated fractional crystallization from ethyl acetate and vapor diffusion of petroleum ether afforded (+)–(2S, 1R, 3R, 4S)-menthyl 2-formamido-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate as clear colorless, crystalline prisms which were subjected to single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system P2₁2₁2₁, and at 213 K:a=5.054(1),b= 10.000(2),c=32.707(1) Å,V=1652.9(4) ų,Z=4,R(F)=0.040, andR _w (F)=0.037. The finding of the (2S)-configuration for the formamido-acid portion of the (+)-ester enabled the configurational assignment of the asymmetric hydrogenation products ofZ-methyl 2-formamido-4, 4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate catalyzed by chiral diphosphine/rhodium(I) complexes.     

Allyl rhodium(III) complexes containing heterocyclic nitrogen ligands

Summary A series of hexacoordinated Rh^III complexes of general formula trans-[RhCl₂(allyl)(N-N)] (allyl = C₃H₅ or C₄H₇; N- = 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2-bipyridine or 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-bipyridine) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The complexes have an octahedral geometry with the Cl ligands coordinated in the trans positions. The catalytic activity of [RhCl₂(C₄H₇)(phen)] with respect to hydrogenation of alkenes has been investigated.     

Demetallation of coordination compounds of nickel with tetradentate ligands based on S-substituted isothiosemicarbazides

The passage of dry gaseous hydrogen chloride through chloroform solutions or acetone suspensions of S-substituted N¹,N⁴-di(salicylidene)isothiosemicarbazidates of nickel (Ni(LRR)) has led to a demetallization reaction with the liberation in the free state of S-substituted N¹,N⁴-di(salicylidene)isothiosemicarbazides with the general formula N₂LRR (where R is H and R is CH₃ (I); R is H and R is C₂H₅ (II); R is H and R is C₃H₇ (III); R is H and R is C₇H₇ (IV); and R is CH₃ and R is CH₃ (V)). The IR spectra of (I-IV) each showed bands characteristic for an aromatic ring and groups in the 1600–1500 cm^–1 region, with a band of the deformation vibrations of an OH group at 1300 cm^–1. The PMR spectra in CDCl₃ each had two singlets at 12.15-11.25 and 9.00-8.36 ppm which were assigned, respectively, to the protons of an OH group and those of a =CH group. A multiplet in the 7.70-6.83 ppm region belonged to the protons of benzene rings. In the region of lower fields there were the signals of the substituents R and R. In the mass spectra of (I-V), the peaks of the molecular ions, and also the characteristic fragments OH, R, SR, and HSR have been detected.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 604–608, September–October, 1985.     

2,2′-Diphenyl-Δ3,3′-bi-3H-indole-1,1′-dioxide: Molecular interactions and crystal structure

The Dinitrone 2,2-diphenyl-^3,3-bi-3H-indole-1,1-dioxide acts as a demethylating and dehydrogenating agent. The mechanism of interaction of the dinitrone with donors and acceptors does not involve intermediate charge-transfer complexes probably due to a self association between dinitrone molecules (as supported by X-ray determinations). The crystal structure of the dinitrone was obtained by direct methods;a=9.967 (2),b=19.817 (3),c=10.875 (2) Å, =111.2 (2)°, space group P2₁/n. The finalR andR _w were 0.089 and 0.063 for all measured reflexes.

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2,2-Diphenyl-^3,3-bi-3H-indol-1,1-dioxid: Molekulare Wechselwirkungen und Kristallstruktur

Zusammenfassung Das Dinitron 2,2-Diphenyl-^3,3-bi-3H-indol-1,1-dioxid wirkt als Demethylierungs- und Oxydationsmittel. Die Wechselwirkung des Dinitrons mit Elektronen-Acceptoren und Elektronen-Donatoren geht wegen der Selbstassoziation zwischen den Dinitron-Molekülen ohne die dazwischenliegende Bildung eines Charge-Transfer-Komplexes vor sich; das wird auch von Röntgenstrukturuntersuchungen gestützt. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit direkten Methoden ermittelt:a=9.967 (2),b=19.817 (3),c=10.875 (2) Å; =111.2 (2)°. P2₁/n. Die endgültigen WerteR undR _w waren 0.089 und 0.063 für alle gemessenen Reflexe.

     

Isostructural triazenido complexes of first row transition metals. Part 1. Synthesis and properties of (η5-C5H5)(L)(RN3R) FeII,L = PPh3, P(OMe)3, P(OPh)3 or CO

Summary The complexes ( ⁵-C₅H₅)L(RN₃R)Fe, where L = PPh₃, P(OMe)₃, P(OPh)₃ or CO and R,R=p-MeC₆H₄ orp-ClC₆H₄, have been prepared by reaction of suitable iron halides with Ag(RN₃R). The mechanism of formation of the Fe(RN₃R) group is thought to involve, initially, an Fe-Ag bond. The bonding mode of the triazenido ligand is chelating in a six coordinate configuration. The spectroscopic results are discussed in relation to variations in the environment of the metal atom.     

Polynuclear trivalent metal complexes with phosphonic acids

Summary Polynuclear chromium(III) and iron(III) complexes with hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid (H₄L¹), ethylenediphosphonic acid (H₄L²),o-phenylenediamine-N,N-bis(methylenephosphonic acid) (H₄L³), ethylenediamine-N, N, N, N-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (H₈L⁴) ando-phenylenediamine-N, N, N, N-tetrakis-(methylenephosphonic acid) (H₈L⁵) have been prepared and characterised by elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, i.r., electronic Mössbauer spectra. The compounds are anti-ferromagnetic.     

Synthesis, structural characterisation and thermal decomposition studies of some 2,4′-bipyridyl complexes with cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II)

2,4-Bipyridyl (2,4-bipy orL) complexes with cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) of the formulae M(2,4-bipy)₂(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O (M(II) = Co, Ni, Cu), Co(2,4-bipy)₂SO₄·3H₂O or Ni(2,4-bipy)₂SO₄·4H₂O have been prepared and their IR and electronic (VIS) spectra are discussed. The thermal behaviour of the obtained compounds has also been studied. The intermediate products of decomposition at different temperatures have been characterized by chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction.We thank dr. A. Malinowska for performing VIS spectra. This work was supported by the KBN project No. PB 0636/P3/93/04.     

Mass spectra of ditriazolyls and bis-sym-triazolopyridazines

The mass spectra of ditriazolyl and its 3- and 3-substituted derivatives (R, R = CH₃, C₆H₅, and C₆H₄Cl) were investigated. It is shown that the ditriazolyl molecule is characterized by exceptionally large selectivity and resistance to electron impact; this constitutes evidence for the high degree of conjugation between the triazole rings. Deformation of the ditriazolyl molecule when bulky substituents are introduced in the 3 and 3 positions leads to a decrease in the resistance to electron impact. The ratio of the intensities of the peaks in the spectra shows that, despite the considerable twisting of the triazole rings along the 4N-4N bond, cleavage of the latter is less favorable than cleavage of the bonds in the triazole rings. The incorporation of an additional double bond between the triazole rings in bis-5-triazolo[4,3-b,4,3-f]pyridazine derivatives leads to a relative increase in the selectivity and stability of the molecular ion and to a change in the character of the fragmentation. The fragmentation is realized in practice via two principal pathways. In addition to the intense [CNR]⁺ ion peak that is peculiar to the spectra of substituted ditriazolyls, one observes a peak of a pyridazine cation radical (m/e 78), the formation of which is more favorable than fragmentation with cleavage of the bonds between the triazole rings.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 696–700, May, 1979.