共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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微通道反应器在合成反应中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
微流控学(microfluidics)是在微米级结构中操控纳升至皮升体积流体的技术与科学,是近10年来迅速崛起的新交叉学科.流体在微流控芯片微米级通道中,由于尺度效应导致了许多不同于宏观体系的特点,例如分子间扩散距离短、微通道的比表面积大、传热和传质速度快等,促进了微流控芯片在有机合成反应中的发展.本文总结了微通道反应器的特点、微通道反应器中常用的流体驱动技术和微通道中流体的混合技术.通过一系列在微流控芯片中进行的有机合成反应,包括液-液均相反应、催化反应、相转移反应和异常激烈的有机合成反应等,进一步说明了微通道反应器同时具有微量和连续流动的优点.微通道反应器的发展不但在合成路线的优化方面有重要意义,而且有助于相关化学工业过程的改进. 相似文献
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流动注射纳米微反应器化学发光法测定盐酸格拉司琼 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在酸性条件下,盐酸格拉司琼分子中氮原子被质子化后与阴离子AuC-l4-形成离子缔合物,该缔合物被CH2Cl2带入鲁米诺的氯化十六烷基三甲基铵反胶束纳米微反应器中,离解出来的AuCl4-立即与鲁米诺产生化学发光。在一定浓度范围内,发光强度与盐酸格拉司琼的量成线性关系,从儿间接测定盐酸格拉司琼。在优化的试验条件下,线性范围为0.001~20μg/mL,检出限(3σ)为0.04 ng/mL,对1.0μg/mL的盐酸格拉司琼进行11次平行测定,RSD为1.4%。已用于片剂、针剂和生物体液中盐酸格拉司琼的测定。 相似文献
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以待检测水样为微生物源及有机物源,在优化的条件下,连续流经流通式管状反应器制备得到原位培养的微生物膜反应器;以此为生物降解有机物传感器,研制在线生化需氧量( BOD)监测仪,并开展了一系列现场测试应用。结果表明,在优化条件下,微生物膜反应器的培养时间为14 h,生物降解效率为18.5%,检出限为0.5 mg/L,检测上限可达20 mg/L。在线监测仪检测标样的准确度与长期稳定性的相对误差( RE)与相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为-0.8%和±3.2%,多组水样测量值与国标法(BOD5)的平均相对误差为+5.6%。微生物膜反应器在近3个月的测试过程中,性能稳定,准确度可靠,线性范围宽,可满足对地表水的在线监测需求。 相似文献
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Fixed-bed reactors for the partial oxidation of methane to produce synthetic gas still pose hot-spot problems. An alternative reactor, which is known as the shell-and-tube-typed microreactor, has been developed to resolve these problems. The microreactor consists of a 1 cm outside-diameter, 0.8 cm inside-diameter and 11 cm length tube, and a 1.8 cm inside-diameter shell. The tube is made of dense alumina and the shell is made of quartz. Two different methods dip and spray coating were performed to line the tube side with the LaNixOy catalyst. Combustion and reforming reactions take place simultaneously in this reactor. Methane is oxidized in the tube side to produce flue gases (CO2 and H2O) which flow counter-currently and react with the remaining methane in the shell side to yield synthesis gas. The methane conversion using the higher-loading catalyst spray-coated tube reaches 97% at 700℃, whereas that using the lower-loading catalyst dip-coated tube reaches only 7.78% because of poor adhesion between the catalyst film and the alumina support. The turnover frequencies (TOFs) using the catalyst spray-and dip-coated tubes are 5.75×10-5 and 2.24×10-5 mol/gcat·s, respectively. The catalyst spray-coated at 900℃provides better performance than that at 1250℃because sintering reduces the surface-area. The hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio produced by the spray-coated catalyst is greater than the stoichiometric ratio, which is caused by carbon deposition through methane cracking or the Boudouard reaction. 相似文献
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首次利用漆酶-乙酰丙酮(AA)-过硫酸钾组成的复合引发体系在室温水相中引发丙烯酰胺的聚合, 采用滴球法将上述反应液滴入硫酸铜溶液, 利用铜离子与壳聚糖的络合交联反应制备得到尺寸可控的核壳结构小球. 小球内部发生自由基聚合反应, 将漆酶-AA同步固定于新生成的具有三维网络结构的水凝胶中. 微反应器小球的形貌和内部孔道结构通过扫描电镜和氮气吸附实验进行了表征. 该固定化漆酶-介体小球微反应器相比于游离漆酶表现出更高的pH稳定性和耐热性. 得益于固定化AA的介导作用, 漆酶的可重复使用性能得到显著提升, 降解孔雀石绿的有效循环批次较游离漆酶-介体体系延长了3倍, 为降低漆酶在实际废水处理中的成本、削减游离介体带来的二次污染提供了一条有效途径. 相似文献
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Electrochemical microreactors, which have electrodes integrated into the flow path, can afford rapid and efficient electrochemical reactions without redox reagents due to the intrinsic properties of short diffusion distances. Taking advantage of electrochemical microreactors, Kolbe electrolysis of di-and trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of various electron-deficient alkenes was performed under constant current at continuous flow at room temperature. As a result, di-and trifluoromethylated compounds were effectively produced in either equal or higher yields than identical reactions under batch conditions previously reported by Uneyamas group. The strategy of using electrochemical microreactor technology is useful for an effective fluoromethylation of alkenes based on Kolbe electrolysis in significantly shortened reaction times. 相似文献
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微反应器在合成化学中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
微反应器在传质、换热方面具有较明显的优势,可以强化混合和精确控温,还可以大大缩短工艺筛选和工艺放大的周期。 本文着重从液相反应、气相反应和气/液反应3个方面对微反应技术在合成中的应用做了较详细的评述,同时也简略介绍了其在光化学和电化学反应中的应用,并概要介绍了微反应技术现阶段存在的问题。 相似文献
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本文以粉末法制备TiO2涂层的玻璃微流控芯片作为光催化反应器,采用UV-LED点光源为紫外光源,实现了水样中EDTA的光催化降解,并用铋膜电极差分脉冲溶出伏安法在线检测微量水样中的重金属离子Cd2+。水样中的Cd2+由于EDTA的络合作用无法在铋膜电极上产生电流信号,而当水样在光催化微反应器中经紫外光催化后,由于EDTA与Cd2+的配合物结构遭破坏,因此释放出游离的Cd2+,从而使Cd2+的电流信号得到一定程度的恢复。Cd2+的电流恢复程度越大,表明EDTA被光催化降解的程度越高。本文考察了光照强度、反应液流速和氧气流速、pH等因素对EDTA光催化降解效率的影响。在光照强度为120 mW/cm2、反应液流速为50 μL/h、氧气流速为850 μL/h、pH为4.4条件下,水样中EDTA的光催化降解率效果最佳,水样中Cd2+的电流恢复程度可达92.6%。反应液流速为300 μL/h时,Cd2+的电流恢复率为60.0%,重复光催化反应5次的RSD为5.2%,具有较好的重现性。本文建立了水样EDTA光催化降解及Cd2+在线检测的微分析系统,在线检测所需的样品体积仅为0.3 mL,完成一个水样分析的时间约为60 min。 相似文献
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Dr. Yosuke Ashikari Dr. Takashi Tamaki Tomoko Kawaguchi Mai Furusawa Yuya Yonekura Susumu Ishikawa Dr. Yusuke Takahashi Yoko Aizawa Prof. Dr. Aiichiro Nagaki 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(65):16107-16111
A chemoselectivity switchable microflow reaction was developed to generate reactive and unstable intermediates. The switchable chemoselectivity of this reaction enables a selection for one of two different intermediates, an aryllithium or a benzyl lithium, at will from the same starting material. Starting from bromo-substituted styrenes, the aryllithium intermediates were converted to the substituted styrenes, whereas the benzyl lithium intermediates were engaged in an anionic polymerization. These chemoselectivity-switchable reactions can be integrated to produce polymers that cannot be formed during typical polymerization reactions. 相似文献
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碳纳米管上分子印迹微反应器的构建及催化Diels-Alder反应研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分子印迹聚合物(MIP)在合成与催化方面的应用受到越来越多的关注.传统的本体聚合生成的聚合物往往具有活性中心的利用率低、活性中心不均一、底物难以到达等问题.由于纳米材料具有很高的比表面积,将MIP制备成纳米级别的材料将有可能解决这些问题.本研究的目的是在纳米材料上构建分子印迹微反应器(MIM).通过多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)上羟基的酯化反应在碳纳米管表面枝接双键,以蒽和马来酸的加成反应产物为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,通过微波辐射聚合在碳纳米管表面枝接一层厚度约为30 nm 的分子印迹催化剂. 该催化剂对蒽和马来酸的加成反应具有明显的催化作用,反应开始后的180min内,催化反应速率是不加催化剂反应速率的1.77倍. 催化动力学遵守Michaelis-Menten方程,催化反应最大速率(vmax)为0.713 umolL-1S-1,米氏常数(KM)为17735.24 umolL-1. 相似文献
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Living anionic polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate initiated by 1,1‐diphenylhexyllithium is conducted in a flow microreactor system in the presence of lithium chloride. A high degree of control over the molecular weight distribution is achieved under easily accessible conditions, for example at ?20 °C. The subsequent reaction of a reactive polymer chain end with an alkyl methacrylate in an integrated flow micoreactor system leads to the formation of a block copolymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution.