Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum. VI. A study of the structure of a glucomannan fromPolygonatum sewerzowii by13C NMR spectroscopy,electron microscopy,and x-radiography

A phytoecdysteroid, sileneoside D, has been isolated from the roots ofSilene brahuica Boiss. and it has been shown to be ecdysterone 3-O--D-galactopyranoside.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 741–744, November–December, 1984.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum II. A study of the dynamics of the accumulation of the polysaccharides ofPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides in various organs ofPolygonatum sewerzowii in different vegetation periods have been determined and their polysaccharide compositions have been established.The maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides is present in the leaves and stems in the fruit-bearing period, in the roots at the time of budding, and in the rhizomes at the time of flowering. The quantitatively predominating component in the polysaccharides of the stems is galactose, and in the leaves, roots, and rhizomes, mannose. D-Mannose has been isolated from the rhizomes and leaves.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 3–5, January–February, 1979.     

Polysaccharides ofEremurus. XV. Structure of the glucomannan ofEremurus lactiflorus

Ten oligosaccharides have been isolated from the products of the partial hydrolysis of a native acetylated glucomannan obtained fromEremurus lactiflorus O. Fedtsch. Their structures have been studied with the aid of acid hydrolysis before and after reduction with NaBH₄, by the GLC method, and also by chromatography with markers. The compositions and sequence of the monomers in tetra- and heptaoligo-saccharides have been determined by the¹³C NMR method. The glucommannan ofE. lactiflorus differs from theEremurus glucomannans studied previously by the ratio of monosaccharides, the presence of 0-Ac groups, the degree of polymerization, and the presence of a cellobiose unit (Glcp-Glcp) in the polymer chain. The repeating unit consists of 14 hexose residues.     

Polysaccharides ofEremurus. XV. Structure of the glucomannan ofEremurus lactiflorus

Ten oligosaccharides have been isolated from the products of the partial hydrolysis of a native acetylated glucomannan obtained fromEremurus lactiflorus O. Fedtsch. Their structures have been studied with the aid of acid hydrolysis before and after reduction with NaBH₄, by the GLC method, and also by chromatography with markers. The compositions and sequence of the monomers in tetra- and heptaoligo-saccharides have been determined by the¹³C NMR method. The glucommannan ofE. lactiflorus differs from theEremurus glucomannans studied previously by the ratio of monosaccharides, the presence of 0-Ac groups, the degree of polymerization, and the presence of a cellobiose unit (Glcp-Glcp) in the polymer chain. The repeating unit consists of 14 hexose residues.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 680–684, November–December, 1982.     

Polysaccharides ofEremurus. XI. Products of the oxidation and methylation of a glucomannan fromEremurus lactiflorus

It has been established by oxidation with chromium trioxide and sodium periodate and by methylation that the monosaccharide residues in the glucomannan ofEremurus lactiflorus O. Fed. are linked by β-1 →; 4 bonds, and there is a mannose residue at the nonreducing end. The glucomannan macromolecule has a linear structure.     

Polysaccharides of iridaceae IV. A xyloglucogalactan of the bulbs of Juno drepanophylla

Polysaccharides (WSPSs, PSs, and HMCs) have been isolated from various organs ofJuno Drepanophylla and their qualitative compositions have been characterized. ESPS-I from the bulbs has been studied and has proved to be a polydisperse high-molecular-weight and branched amyloid. In its physicochemical properties and composition, WSPS-I is close to amyloids of the first class known from the literature. On the basis of the results of methylation, oxidation with chromium trioxide, and IR and¹³C NMR spectra, it has been established that the glucopyranose residues are linked with one another by -(1 4) bonds, and the xylo and galactopyranose residues by (1 4) bonds with the C-6 position of the glucose residue.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 410–415, July–August, 1986.     

Polysaccharides of iridaceae IV. A xyloglucogalactan of the bulbs of Juno drepanophylla

Polysaccharides (WSPSs, PSs, and HMCs) have been isolated from various organs ofJuno Drepanophylla and their qualitative compositions have been characterized. ESPS-I from the bulbs has been studied and has proved to be a polydisperse high-molecular-weight and branched amyloid. In its physicochemical properties and composition, WSPS-I is close to amyloids of the first class known from the literature. On the basis of the results of methylation, oxidation with chromium trioxide, and IR and¹³C NMR spectra, it has been established that the glucopyranose residues are linked with one another by β-(1 → 4) bonds, and the xylo and galactopyranose residues by α(1 → 4) bonds with the C-6 position of the glucose residue.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum. VI. A study of the structure of a glucomannan fromPolygonatum sewerzowii by13C NMR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and x-radiography

The structure of severan has been studied by¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Severan and its derivatives have been investigated by electron microscopy and x-radiography. It has been established that severan has only one-dimensional ordering of the chains with a period of 4.23 Å. The purification of severan led to practically no changes in its diffractograms. At the supermolecular level, severan forms fairly disordered aggregates which consist of smaller globular particles. In acetylated severan there are ellipsoidal particles of a lamellar type with a higher degree of structural order.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Science of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 743–746, November–December, 1985.