Influence of the degree of ripeness of cotton seeds on their lipid composition

The influence of the degree of ripeness of the seeds of the cotton plant on their lipid composition has been studied. It has been established that as the seeds ripen their lipid composition becomes simpler, and in the developing cotton seeds the biosynthesis of triglycerides takes place with the participation of the mono-and diacylglycerides as intermediates.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 40–44, January–February, 1982.     

Lipids of defective cotton seeds and the influence of microflora on their composition

A comparative study has been made of the lipid composition of defective and first-grade cotton seeds after their prolonged storage under industrial conditions. On the basis of the change in the lipids of the seeds subjected to thermal spoilage it is proposed to consider the process of spontaneous heating as a group of enzymatic processes taking place mainly in not fully ripe seeds when they are damaged by pathogenic microflora.     

Lipids of defective cotton seeds and the influence of microflora on their composition

A comparative study has been made of the lipid composition of defective and first-grade cotton seeds after their prolonged storage under industrial conditions. On the basis of the change in the lipids of the seeds subjected to thermal spoilage it is proposed to consider the process of spontaneous heating as a group of enzymatic processes taking place mainly in not fully ripe seeds when they are damaged by pathogenic microflora.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 677–686, November–December, 1986.     

The change in the globulins during the development of cotton seeds

The biosynthesis of the 11S and 7S globulins — the main reserve proteins of cotton seeds — has been investigated. The periods at which the globulins appear in cotton seeds have been established. The changes in the amino acid composition and in the secondary structure of the 11S globulin during the ripening of cotton seeds have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 349–355, May–June, 1984.     

Mechanism of contamination with aflatoxins of cotton seeds and products of their processing

A possible mechanism of the contamination of cotton seeds and the products of their processing with aflatoxins has been studied. It has been found that the contamination of cotton seeds with aflatoxin takes place mainly on storage in the cotton ginning factory and the oils and fats combine. In the processing of the cotton seeds, part of the aflatoxins passes into the final products and part decomposes. Meal stored in the oil and fats combine undergo secondary contamination with aflatoxins.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 118–123, January–February, 1988.     

Lipid complex of the kernels of seeds of cotton plants of the wilt-resistant variety 175-F

The amount, qualitative and class compositions, and total fatty acid composition of the free, bound, and strongly bound lipids of kernels of the seeds of cotton plant of variety 175-F have been determined, and with the aid of enzymatic hydrolysis the strongly bound lipids have been isolated from the cottonseed kernels in the native form. It has been established that more than half the weight of the lipids comprises neutral varieties and the remainder are polar components. The lipids of the more stable lipid-protein complexes possess a higher degree of saturation.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 314–318, May–June, 1991.     

Physicochemical properties of protease A from cotton seeds

It has been found that protease A from dormant seeds of cotton plants of the Tashkent-1 variety consists of two subunits: α and β, differing in molecular weight and carbohydrate content and linked with one another by a disulfide bridge. The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of the enzyme and its subunits have been determined. A comparative study of peptide maps of protease A and its α- and β-subunits and of their amino acid compositions has permitted the assumption that subunits α and β, in their turn, each consists of two polypeptide chains that are identical or very close in composition.     

Influence of some defoliants on the gossypol pigments of cotton seeds

The influence of a number of defoliants on the gossypol pigments of cotton seeds of variety S-4880 has been studied. It was established that the qualitative compositions of the pigments of the defoliant-treated plants and of the control plants were identical. However, their quantitative composition in seeds treated with defoliants having a severe action had changed substantially: they contained larger amounts of the bound forms of gossypol than in the variants with defoliants having a mild action.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 208–212, March–April, 1993.     

Kinetics of the level of lipids in a cotton plant of variety 6524 S during maturation

The composition and amount of lipids in the seeds and leaves of the cotton plant of variety 6524 S over the vegetation periods have been investigated. The rate of biosynthesis of neutral lipids in cotton seeds in the 20-day period after flowering to the moment of maturation increases by a factor of 1.6 while the amounts of phospho- and glycolipids decrease by factors of 3.9 and 4.3, respectively. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids of the seeds and leaves have been determined. Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 359–362, May–June, 1993.     

Kinetics of the level of lipids in a cotton plant of variety 6524 S during maturation

The composition and amount of lipids in the seeds and leaves of the cotton plant of variety 6524 S over the vegetation periods have been investigated. The rate of biosynthesis of neutral lipids in cotton seeds in the 20-day period after flowering to the moment of maturation increases by a factor of 1.6 while the amounts of phospho- and glycolipids decrease by factors of 3.9 and 4.3, respectively. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids of the seeds and leaves have been determined.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 359–362, May–June, 1993.     

Change in the activity of the proteolytic enzymes of cotton seeds when the plants are affected by wilt

The change in the proteolytic activity of the seeds of the cotton plant varieties Tashkent-1- Tashkent-6, S-4727, and 108-F when the plants are affected by wilt has been studied. A relationship has been established between the decrease in activity for seeds of the Tashkent-1 and Tashkent-6 varieties and the degree of attack by wilt. A hypothesis has been put forward on the existence of variety differences in the response reaction of the cotton plant to the introduction of the pathogen. The appearance of distinctive electrophoretic protein components in the seeds of wilt-affected cotton plants of the Tashkent-1 and Tashkent-6 varieties has been shown. A hypothesis has been made of a possible increase in the amount of proteinase inhibitors in response to the infection of the plants by wilt, a consequence of which is a sharp decrease in proteolytic activity and the appearance of distinctive electrophoretic components.     

Enzymatic-chemical isolation of lipids,proteins, and gossypol from cotton seeds and meal. I

An enzymatic-chemical method of isolating the complex of lipids, gossypol pigments, and water-soluble proteins from cotton seeds and meal has been developed which permits: a) the achievement of the maximum yield of all types of lipids without their degradation; b) a rise in the qualitative and food value of the oil and protein products isolated from the seeds, with an increase in the solubility of the latter; c) the extraction from cotton seeds of more than 75% and from cottonseed meal of 42% of the free gossypol. The method, in combination with Folch's procedure, is suitable for the quantiative estimation of the lipids, strongly bound to the protein of the nucleus.     

Isolation of the phospholipids of the cotton plant and their composition

Summary The yields of the free and bound lipids of the seed kernels of cotton plants of varieties S-4727 and S-6029 have been determined by their successive treatment with selective solvent, and the total and fractional proportions of lipid phosphorus have been found.The phospholipids have been solated and their group composition has been determined; it has been established that the main components are phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylethanolamines, while polyglycerophosphatides, lysophosphatidylcholines, and unidentified polar phospholipid are present in small amounts.The fatty-acid compositions of the free and bound lipids and phospholipids have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 449–453, July–August, 1975.     

UV protective textiles by the deposition of functional ethylcellulose nanoparticles

Ethylcellulose (EC) nanoparticles have been widely investigated for their use as drug delivery systems. However, their application on the textile field has been hardly studied. In this work, the use of EC nanoparticles as nanocarriers of active or lipid soluble compounds and their subsequent deposition on cotton textile is proposed in order to obtain functional textiles. A UV protective textile has been obtained after deposition of EC nanoparticles loaded with a liposoluble UV filter on cotton fabrics. The EC/cotton affinity and the attachment mechanism of EC nanoparticles on cotton substrate was studied by means of thermal behaviour evaluation, estimation of adhesion work (W_A) and wash resistance tests. It is proposed that during EC nanoparticles deposition on cotton fabric, entanglement of polymeric chains is favoured, thus improving adhesion of EC nanoparticles on cotton substrate. The functionality of cotton textile was assessed by ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) measurements, showing a high UPF value (UPF = 45). Evaluation of UPF as a function of washing cycles were carried out on treated cotton fabrics. Washed fabrics still provided good UV protection (UPF ≥ 25), evidencing the presence of nanoparticles after washing cycles and the durability of the conferred functionality.     

Lipid composition of the seeds of the cotton plant infected with wilt

The qualitative and quantitative set of lipid components of the seeds of healthy cotton plants of the variety Tashkent-1 and plants infected with verticillium wilt have been studied. It has been established that the compositions of the lipids of the two samples differ considerably. The greatest differences are observed in the amounts of total lipids, gossypol, and low-molecular-weight volatile acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 319–325, May–June, 1980.     

Protein-lipid complexes of cotton kernels and the products of their processing

The composition and lipid content of the lipoprotein complexes of cotton kernels (I), meal (II), and isolate (III) have been investigated. It has been shown that with the aid of an acidic alcohol-containing extractant it is possible to isolate up to 99% of the strongly bound lipids (SBLs) of their total mass. In the composition of the strongly bound lipids (I–III) have been found neutral lipids comparable with the free lipids of the kernel; of polar lipids, glycolipids were present. It was found that an acid extractant extracts polyphenolic compounds together with the SBLs.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 466–472, July–August, 1990.     

Change in the activity of the proteolytic enzymes of cotton seeds when the plants are affected by wilt

The change in the proteolytic activity of the seeds of the cotton plant varieties Tashkent-1- Tashkent-6, S-4727, and 108-F when the plants are affected by wilt has been studied. A relationship has been established between the decrease in activity for seeds of the Tashkent-1 and Tashkent-6 varieties and the degree of attack by wilt. A hypothesis has been put forward on the existence of variety differences in the response reaction of the cotton plant to the introduction of the pathogen. The appearance of distinctive electrophoretic protein components in the seeds of wilt-affected cotton plants of the Tashkent-1 and Tashkent-6 varieties has been shown. A hypothesis has been made of a possible increase in the amount of proteinase inhibitors in response to the infection of the plants by wilt, a consequence of which is a sharp decrease in proteolytic activity and the appearance of distinctive electrophoretic components.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 704–708, September–October, 1987.     

Protease A from cotton seeds. Isolation and purification of the enzyme

Protease A has been isolated in the homogeneous state from dormant seeds of cotton plants of the Tashkent-I variety. A scheme is proposed for the isolation and purification of the enzyme which includes the following stages: extraction of the defatted seeds with 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4; precipitation of the protein with ammonium sulfate at 60% saturation; desalting by dialysis; and ionexchange chromatography on a column containing CM- and DEAE-celluloses. The molecular weight of the enzyme has been determined as 60,000. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzes azocasein and the 7S and 11S reserve proteins of cotton seeds. Its maximum activity appears at pH 6.4–7.4 and a temperature of 35–40°C; it is not activated by sulfhydryl reagents and loses its activity in the presence of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate. The assumption is made that protease A belongs to the serine type of trypsin-like proteases.     

Isolation of the total tRNA from cotton seeds

Summary 1. A comparative study has been made of various methods of isolating the tRNA from cotton seeds. It has been found that the best results are given by extraction of cotton seeds with a mixture of 80% phenol and 0.14 M NaCl.2. The conditions have been worked out for the preparative isolation of the total tRNA.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 621–624, September–October, 1978.     

Effect of a wilt infection on the neutral lipids of cotton leaves

The composition of the neutral lipids of leaves of a cotton plant of the wilt-resistant variety 175-F, the set of components in the fatty acid composition of the lipid classes, and the partial structures of the triacylglycerides have been determined. The changes taking place in the composition and structure of these lipids on artificial infection of the plant by the fungal pathogenVerticillium dahliae have been elucidated.