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1.
A method is described where the simultaneous measurement of a thermal flow (by means of Tian-Calvet type calorimetry) and of a gas flow (by means of constant decomposition rate thermal analysis) allows the knowledge at any time of the instantaneous enthalpy of thermal dissociation. The method is used to study the thermal decomposition of an industrial Al(OH)3 gibbsite sample.  相似文献   

2.
Résumé Les paramètres cinétiques de la décomposition du complexe CdPy2Br2 ont été déterminés à l'aide de plusieurs méthodes nonisothermes à l'aide des données fournies par la thermogravimétrie et l'ATD. Les valeurs obtenues concordent de faÇon satisfaisante.
Six nonisothermal thermogravimetric and DTA methods have been applied for determining the kinetic parameters of the decomposition of CdPy2Br2. The values obtained are in satisfactory agreement.

Zusammenfassung Die kinetischen Parameter der Zersetzung des Komplexes CdPy2Br2 wurden durch verschiedene nicht-isotherme Methoden, durch Thermogravimetrie und Differentialthermoanalyse bestimmt. Die Resultate stimmten gut überein.

6 CdPy2Br2. .
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3.
Using a precipitation method, variably carbonated samples of fluorapatite-like francolite were prepared from solutions containing diammonium phosphate, ammonium fluoride and ammonium carbonate. Thermal analysis, gas chromatography and IR spectroscopy were performed. The results show that cyanate ions (CNO?) appear between 400 and 500 °C, probably as a result of the thermal evolution of ammonium ions. Above 500°C, nitrogen gas was detected with CO2. N2 arises presumably from cyanate ion decomposition. Decarbonation of these apatites occurs in three steps, the first of these is attributed to carbamate ions.  相似文献   

4.
An investigation was made of the thermal and thermooxidative decompositions of polybenzimidazopyrrolones and polybenzimidazobenzoquinolines, as well as a number of heterocyclic compounds modelling the linkages and individual fragments of these polymers. It was established that in the pyrolyses of the polyheteroarylenes and the corresponding model compounds the destruction of cycles occurs either simultaneously with cleveage of the Car-H bond or at a higher temperature. It was shown that the completely aromatic compounds and the heterocyclic compounds condensed with the benzene nucleus are the most thermostable of the investigated compounds. A comparative study revealed a correlation between the structures and thermal stabilities of the studied compounds.
Zusammenfassung Die thermische und thermooxydative Zersetzung von Polybenzimidazopyrrolonen und Polybenzimidazobenzochinolinen und einige der die Bindungen und individuellen Fragmente modellierenden heterozyklischen Verbindungen dieser Polymere wurden untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß bei der Pyrolyse von Polyheteroarylenen und der entsprechenden Modellverbindungen das Aufsprengen der Ringe entweder gleichzeitig mit der Spaltung der Car-H-Bindung oder bei höheren Temperaturen erfolgt. Von den untersuchten Verbindungen sind die vollständig aromatischen und die mit Benzolringen kondensierten heterozyklischen Verbindungen am thermostabilsten. Eine vergleichende Untersuchung der Struktur und Thermostabilität der untersuchten Verbindungen ergab eine Korrelation.

, , , , , . , , C ap -H, . , , , . .
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5.
6.
The thermodynamic study of the different compounds of the system MgCl2, H2O, HCl allows to draw the stability diagram of the 8 solid phases into a three-dimensional space (temperature, total pressure and ratio of HCl and H2O partial pressures). The evolution of the composition of solid and gaseous phases during an isobaric heating is described. The conclusions of this study are in good agreement with the experimental results obtained in laboratory and with the industrial requirements set for the different steps of the dehydration of MgCl2.  相似文献   

7.
《Tetrahedron letters》1986,27(16):1789-1790
Dry reactions of diethylphosphite on KF-Al2O3 with different. electrophiles conduct to the synthesis of functionalized phosphonates.  相似文献   

8.
《Materials Chemistry》1981,6(1):55-66
A general method to study the oxydation of metals based on the absorption of X-rays diffracted by the oxyde film was given.The method was applied to the oxydation of aluminium films.  相似文献   

9.
Résumé La décomposition thermique des éthylates de Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs et de leurs solvates a été étudiée par thermogravimétrie couplée à un dispositif de microsublimation et par analyse thermique différentielle. La réaction de décomposition thermique des éthylates alcalins est complexe et conduit à la formation simultanée d'hydrogène et d'éthylène; les résidus de décomposition ne correspondent à aucun composé défini.
The thermal dissociation of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs alcoholates and their respective solvates has been studied by DTA and TG coupled with a gas analysis device. The reaction of decomposition is complex, and hydrogen and ethylene are evolved. The solid residue is a mixture of several compounds.

Zusammenfassung Die thermische Zersetzung der Äthylate von Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs und ihrer Solvate wurde durch thermogravimetrische Analyse mit einer Mikrosublimierungsvorrichtung gekoppelt, sowie mit der Differentialthermoanalyse untersucht. Die thermische Zersetzungsreaktion der alkalischen Äthylate ist komplex und führt zur simultanen Bildung von Wasserstoff und Äthylen; die Zersetzungsrückstände entsprechen keiner definierten Verbindung.

, , , , , . . .


Nous tenons à remercier la Société ELF-ERAP à Solaize (Rhône) et plus particulièrement Monsieur Finas qui ont eu l'amabilité de nous fournir un mélange étalon de différents hydrocarbures gazeux.  相似文献   

10.
11.
To obtain more information on the reactions during the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile at 290° in air, we studied the thermal degradation of its trimers, tetramers and pentamers having the general formula: R  CH(CN)  CH2  CH(CN)n?1  R where R = H or CH3 and n = 3,4,5. Study by gas chromatography of the volatile compounds produced during pyrolysis at 290° and 770° showed that the first step of the degradation is homolytic scission of the chain. There are then intra and intermolecular polymerisations of the nitrile groups and formation of a ladder polymer. This reaction is clearly exothermic only for pentamers. This increase of the reactivity with DP is borne out by a kinetic study by EPR of the pyrolysis in air at 290°, oxidation of the ladder polymer giving a paramagnetic solid. Its EPR characteristics (band width and number of spins per g) are very dependent of the DP and nature of the end-groups, H or CH3, of the pyrolysed oligomer.  相似文献   

12.
Equations are given for describing the differential temperature curves of phase transformation (fusion and solidification) and allotropic transformations, as well as of dismutation reactions proceeding without any change in weight. It is shown how the obtained relationships are modified according to whether the reaction proceeds with or without weight change. Finally, the properties of the derivative d/dt gDT are established theoretically that can be used to advantage in the investigation of heterogeneous kinetics on the basis of DTA curves.  相似文献   

13.
《Materials Chemistry》1980,5(2):117-123
An IR study of thermal decomposition products of guanidinium carbonate has allowed the assignment of the observed bands and the identification of these compounds. This gained information could be useful for further guanidinium cation complexes vibrational studies.  相似文献   

14.
Résumé Dans cette seconde partie, en désignant par la vitesse de chauffe supposée constante et(t) un paramètre dépendant du tempst, caractérisant le degré d'évolution de la transformation considérée, on établit les équations des courbes de température différentielleT== f [, (t)] dans le cas des transformations de phase (fusion, solidification) des transformations allotropiques et dans le cas des réactions de dismutation sans variation de masse. On montre également comment les relations obtenues sont modifiées lorsque l'on considère les réactions avec ou sans variation de masse, inverses de celles déjà étudiées. Enfin, on établit théoriquement les propriétés de la dérivée d/dt T, propriétés dont une est mise à profit dans certaines études de cinétique hétérogène faites à partir des courbes d'analyse thermique différentielle.
Equations are given for describing the differential temperature curves of phase transformation (fusion and solidification) and allotropic transformations, as well as of dismutation reactions proceeding without any change in weight. It is shown how the obtained relationships are modified according to whether the reaction proceeds with or without weight change. Finally, the properties of the derivative d/dt gDT are established theoretically that can be used to advantage in the investigation of heterogeneous kinetics on the basis of DTA curves.

Zusammenfassung Die Gleichung der differentialthermoanalytischen KurveT == f[, (t)] für den Fall von Phasenumwandlungen (Schmelzen, Erstarren), von allotropen Umsetzungen und von ohne Gewichtsänderung verlaufenden Umwandlungsreaktionen wurden theoretisch abgeleitet, wobei die konstante Aufheizungsgeschwindigkeit,(t) ein zeitabhängiger, den Verlaufsgrad der Reaktion kennzeichnender Parameter ist. Es wurde gezeigt, wie sich die erhaltenen Beziehungen ändern, wenn die Reaktionen mit oder ohne Gewichtsänderung in entgegengesetzter Richtung verlaufen. Gewisse Eigenschaften der Derivierten d/dtT wurden theoretisch untersucht. Eine von ihnen läßt sich bei der Untersuchung der Kinetik von heterogenen Reaktionen durch die Differentialthermoanalyse verwenden.

II , (, ) , T=f[,(t)], ,(t) — , , . , . d/dt T; .
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15.
The primary processes involved in cyclopropanone reactivity have been investigated using a SCF-CI abinitio method. The C2C3 bond rupture has been found to be thermally favoured and the resulting oxyallyl could have a significant lifetime. By contrast, upon photonic excitation, C1C2 cleavage easily occurs, but does lead to stable intermediate. This constitutes the first step of CO extrusion. The results are discussed using simple MO and valence-state considerations, and compared with those of related compounds.  相似文献   

16.
The reaction scheme of thermal decomposition for four zinc hydroxynitrates was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, mass spectrometry, and radiocrystallography. The thermal transformation of Zn(OH)(NO3) · H2O and of Zn3(OH)4(NO3)2 involves the formation of gaseous water and nitric acid from an actual chemical reaction. This reaction is not observed for Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2 · 2H2O and Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2. These results show that the formation of gaseous nitric acid molecules inside the solids is specific to hydroxynitrates of divalent metals M, whose lamellar crystalline structure is characterized by a stacking of hexagonal close-packed layers of formula MX2+m, where m = 0 or 1 and X = OH?, H2O, or NO?3.  相似文献   

17.
Résumé La N-méthylmorpholine N-oxyde (MMNO) a une température de fusion de 184.2°, une enthalpie de fusion de 160.5 J/g et une chaleur de décomposition de 1340 J/g. Son hydratation a été étudiée par analyse calorimétrique différentielle et par gravimétrie. A l'air et à la température ambiante, la quantité totale d'eau qui a diffusé dans la MMNO correspond à quatre molécules d'eau par molécule de MMNO. Plusieurs complexes MMNO-H2O cristallins ont été mis en évidence par analyse calorimétrique differentielle: un complexe MMNO-2.5 H2O (T f =40.5°,H f =143.4 J/g), un complexe MMNO-1 H2O (T f = 75.6°,H f =160.5 J/g) et un complexe dont la quantité d'eau n'a pas été déterminée (T f =102°,H f =95 J/g).
N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (MMNO) has a melting temperature of 184.2°, an enthalpy of fusion of 160.5 J/g and a heat of decomposition of 1340 J/g. Its hydration has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by gravimetry.In air and at room temperature, the total amount of water diffusing into MMNO corresponds to four molecules of H2O per molecule of MMNO.Several MMNO-H2O crystalline complexes have been studied by DSC: an MMNO-2.5 H2O complex (T f =40.5°,H f =143.4 J/g), an MMNO-1 H2O complex (T f =75.6°,H f =160.5 J/g) and a complex with an unknown amount of water (T f =102°,H f =95 J/g).

Zusammenfassung Das N-Methylmorpholin N-Oxid (MMNO) hat eine Schmelztemperatur von 184.2°, eine Schmelzenthalpie von 160.5 J/g und eine Zersetzungswärme von 1340 J/g. Seine Hydratisierung wurde durch differentialkalorimetrische Analyse und durch Thermogravimetrie untersucht.In Luft und bei Raumtemperatur entspricht die gesamte, in das MMNO diffundierte Wassermenge 4 Wassermoleküle pro Molekül MMNO.Durch die differentialkalorimetrische Analyse wurden verschiedene kristalline MMNO-H2O-Komplexe nachgewiesen: ein Komplex MMNO-2.5 H2O (T f =40.5°,H f =143.4 J/g), ein Komplex MMNO-1 H2O (T f =75.6°,H f =160.5 J/g) und ein Komplex, dessen Wassergehalt nicht bestimmt wurde (T f =102°,H f =95 J/g).

N- -N- (MMNO) 184.2°, - 160.5 /, -1340 /. () MMNO. , MMNO , MMNO. MMNO 2: MMNO · 2.5 2, f =40.5°,H f =143.4 /, MMNO · 12-T f = 75.6°,H f = 160.5 / , f =102°,H f =95 /.


Nous tenons à remercier Monsieur H. Chanzy, Maître de Recherche au Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (Grenoble), et son équipe de leur aide et de leurs conseils pour la préparation des produits.  相似文献   

18.
Wittig, Wittig-Horner and Knoevenagel reactions are achieved in the presence of alumina or potassium fluoride supported on alumina, without organic solvent. The presence of a small amount of water increases the rate of the Wittig and Wittig-Horner reactions. The reaction of the diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate with an aldehyde in the presence of dry alumina is oriented towards the Knoevenagel reaction.  相似文献   

19.
Osmotic pressures of solutions of polymers were measured as a function of pressure. The measurements were made at room temperature at pressures up to 500 bars. The results are as follows:
•
-the effect of pressure depends upon the polymer-solvent pair. Depending upon the particular case the effects can be positive, negative or zero. We have given examples for each case.  相似文献   

20.
G. Leroy  M.T. Nguyen  M. Sana 《Tetrahedron》1978,34(16):2459-2468
A theoretical study of the concerted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrone on ethylene has been carried out by the LCAO-SCF-MO method. The potential energy hypersurface for the reaction has been investigated and the characteristics of the transition state have been determined.  相似文献   

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