热分析动力学的多升温速率等温法及其应用

提出了多升温速率等温法确定热分析动力学可能的机理函数g(α);用迭代的等转化率法求出较为可靠的活化能Ea;在Ea和g(α)的基础上计算出指前因子A.用该法对二水草酸镍(NiC2O4·2H2O)脱水反应的热分析动力学三因子进行了研究,得出Ea为96.55 kJ/mol;A为7.746×107～9.415×107s-1;其对应的机理函数为随机成核和随后生长(Avrami-Erofeer),调节函数Am,其积分形式g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]1/m和微分形式f(α)=m(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]1-1/m,调节因子m=1.55～1.70.用该法求算动力学三因子,结果可靠,重现性较好,具有一定的可比性.     

烯丙基酚醛树脂的固化动力学

利用差示扫描量热法分析了烯丙基酚醛树脂在不同升温速率下的固化行为,用Kissinger法和KAS(Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose)法对获得的动力学数据进行处理,得到了固化反应动力学参数,并建立了烯丙基酚醛树脂的固化动力学模型.结果表明:与纯酚醛树脂相比,烯丙基酚醛树脂固化温度较高,反应级数更接近于1,固化反应所需的平均表观活化能较低,为111.45kJ/mol;在整个固化过程中,烯丙基酚醛树脂的活化能较为恒定,随温度变化不大;烯丙基酚醛树脂固化动力学模型为研究该体系固化工艺参数提供了理论依据.     

乙二醇和丙三醇二元系玻璃化转变和协同松弛

为了估算乙二醇(EG)在慢速降温下的玻璃化转变和协同松弛参数,利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量了连续升降温条件下(10K.min-1)乙二醇和丙三醇二元系(EG/G)在玻璃化转变温度Tg前后的表观比热容.利用曲线拟合方法得到了EG/G基于Adam-Gibbs(AG)模型的协同松弛参数.结果表明,随组分的变化,玻璃化转变温度Tg、玻璃化转变过程中的比热跃迁ΔCp(Tg)、AG模型参数、松弛时间和动力学脆度等均呈规律性变化,据此可外推得到EG的玻璃化转变和AG模型参数.松弛时间和动力学脆度的分析结果表明,EG的动力学脆度比丙三醇的小,二元系动力学脆度的分析结果可以和Tg,ΔCp(Tg),松弛时间分布参数和协同重排域等的分析结果相互印证,从而证明了AG模型作为现象学模型描述EG/G结构松弛的有效性.但在解析EG/G协同重排域的微观参数时,AG理论遇到困难.     

Studies of the energy release of mitochondria from sporophyte cytoplasmic male sterile rice by differential scanning calorimetry

The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) curves of the mitochondria isolated from two varieties of sporophyte cytoplasmic male sterile and their fertile lines of Yie Bai and Ma Xie type rice have been determined. The curves show that the energy is released continuously as temperature rise to 70°C. Some thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the energy release of the mitochondria have been obtained. The presented results showed that the mitochondria from cytoplasmic male sterile rice released more heat and they had higher energy barrier, less rate, and more complicated mechanism than that of their fertile lines in the energy release process. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Biography: Zhou Pei-jiang (1956-), male, PhD, Associate professor. Current resarch interest is in biophysical chemistry and environmental ecological chemistry     

多晶镍钛形状记忆合金相变伪弹性特性的研究

利用四光束云纹干涉法对多晶镍钛形状记忆合金拉伸过程中的马氏体与奥氏体相互相转变以及相界面传播的现象进行了研究.从云纹图可看到,形状记忆合金发生相变时,奥氏体与马氏体的分布以及两相的界面附近的位移场分布.利用材料试验机(MTS Sintech 10/D)获得多晶镍钛形状记忆合金的应力-应变特性;通过云纹图能够发现多晶镍钛形状记忆合金拉伸过程中马氏体的发生、生长和传播规律.结果表明,云纹干涉法可以用来研究形状记忆合金的相变,且结果直观、可靠。     

调制初乳清粉的状态图研究

以差示扫描量热仪作为热分析手段,测量调制初乳清的冻结曲线、最大冻结浓缩条件和玻璃化转变线,并使用Chen、Gordon Taylor模型对冻结曲线和玻璃化转变线进行非线性拟合,从而得到简化的调制初乳清粉的状态图,并对状态图进行贮藏条件分析. 结果表明：Chen、Gordon Taylor模型能较好地拟合调制初乳清的冻结曲线和玻璃化转变线,调制初乳清的最大冻结浓缩融化温度和玻璃化转变温度分别为23724 K和22624 K. 状态图对选择合理的调制初乳清的脱水干燥工艺和调制初乳清粉的贮藏条件有重要的指导作用.     

含氟聚合物对电解质电导率的影响

采用溶液浇铸的方法制备了以PEO LiClO4(聚氧乙烯高氯酸锂)为基质的共混聚合物膜.运用差热示差扫描热分析和交流阻抗的测试方法,研究了聚合物电解质电导率的影响因素.交流阻抗的测试结果显示,随着PVDF(偏氟乙烯)的加入,含有PEO LiClO4的聚合物电解质的离子电导率会随之下降,然而偏氟乙烯六氟丙烯共聚物P(VDF HFP)加入后,在适量范围内聚合物电解质的电导率会增加.当PEO∶P(VDF HFP)的质量分数为1∶0.5时,电导率(δ)最大,其值为2.3×10-4S/cm.DSC的测试结果表明,P(VDF HFP)的加入后,混合物的熔融温度和熔融峰热焓都会随之下降.研究表明对PEO的共混改性可以显著提高电解质电导率.     

子空间法单输入多输出系统混合相位地震子波提取

针对高阶统计量混合相位地震子波提取方法要求地层反射系数是非高斯白噪声,并且子波提取速度较慢的缺陷,提出子空间法单输入多输出系统(SIMO)混合相位地震子波提取方法,即基于信号和噪声子空间正交的原理,建立二次型的目标函数,通过对目标函数进行优化就可以提取出混合相位的地震子波,它不需要对地层反射系数做任何假设,因此完全不同于高阶统计量地震子波提取.模型试验和实际应用结果表明,子空间法SIMO系统混合相位子波提取速度快且准确度高,非常适合于无井和井资料不可靠地区的地震子波提取,具有广阔的应用前景.     

有理函数变换法求扩展(3+1)维Jimbo-Miwa方程丰富的精确解

利用扩展的有理函数变换法对两个扩展的（3+1）维Jimbo-Miwa方程进行了研究,得到了丰富的精确解,特别是共振孤波解,复合解及三角函数、双曲函数和指数函数结合形式的解.除此之外,对所得解的结构作了详细的图像展示和性质分析.     

Genetic expression in progeny of transgenic plants obtained by using pollen-tube pathway (or delivery) method and approach to the transformation mechanism

The origin and the recent progress of pollen_tube pathway method (PTPM) is described. The results of transforming wheat during 1990 to 1994 are reported briefly. They are: (ⅰ) Transformation frequencies were 3%-6%, even reached 13.5%; (ⅱ) the genetic expression of four continuous generations obtained from single individuals of transgenic plants by self_fertilization was investigated. Plants with higher expression of foreign gene were found in every generation (from T1 to T4), but a phenomenon of gene silence, in which the genotype contained foreign gene but did not express, was also observed. In addition, from the angle of fertilization biology the transformation mechanism of PTPM (or PTDM) was analyzed and discussed. It was considered that the essential principle of this method was just like that of protoplast method.