基于星历匹配法的载人小行星探测轨迹优化问题求解

对基于星历匹配法的载人小行星探测轨迹优化问题解法进行了研究. 提出星历匹配法的概念,利用其求出最优发射窗口初值与候选最优探测序列,然后利用遗传算法对特定探测序列的时间节点等参数进行优化,最后利用基于庞德里亚金极大值原理的同伦法进行小推力转化以求得最终探测轨道及其推力控制律. 结果显示星历匹配法可以快速准确地求出最优发射窗口初值与候选探测序列,这大大提高了载人小行星探测等多目标交会探测问题的求解效率.     

碎石堆小行星的散体动力学建模与仿真方法综述

探测小行星将是未来几十年内航天界的研究热点. 现有资料表明小行星多为疏松多孔的碎石堆结构,易受探测活动的影响而破碎瓦解,因此对其探测必须先进行动力学建模,研究探测活动与小行星结构的相互作用,确保探测任务顺利执行. 在中国即将开展小行星探测任务的背景下,调研分析了散体动力学的研究和发展情况;并根据国内外的相关研究,对目前碎石堆小行星动力学模型与数值模拟方法的研究进行了综述;最后,结合小行星探测的应用背景,总结了小行星散体动力学模型中需解决的关键问题.      

第四届全国空间轨道设计竞赛题目：太阳系小天体探测飞行轨道优化设计

1探测任务描述 1.1任务概述 探测器将于2015年1月1日～2025年12月31日之间任意时刻从地球出发,选取太阳系若干小天体开展多种形式探测,探测任务总时间不超过15年（5478.75天）.小天体探测目标分为近地小行星、主带小行星、     

多星编队构型重构全局优化策略1）--第七届全国空间轨道设计竞赛乙题解法

第七届全国空间轨道设计竞赛乙组题目以近地轨道卫星编队的燃料最优构型重构问题为背景,要求合理设计从星的相对飞行轨迹,构建尽可能多的目标构型,并考虑燃料消耗均衡分配问题.本文介绍了该题目的解法,包括问题分析、求解方案以及相关计算结果.由于燃料最优控制问题可用能量最优控制问题近似,文中采用能量最优连续推力优化模型近似计算燃料最优控制律.首先通过优化分析两两构型之间的燃料消耗,确定了构建4种目标构型的次序;然后综合考虑构型保持时间约束以及相位约束,采用混合PSO（particle swarm optimization）算法进行全局优化;最后将影响燃料消耗指标的从星相对飞行轨迹的连续推力段转化为bang-bang控制.     

多星编队构型重构全局优化策略——第七届全国空间轨道设计竞赛乙题解法

第七届全国空间轨道设计竞赛乙组题目以近地轨道卫星编队的燃料最优构型重构问题为背景,要求合理设计从星的相对飞行轨迹,构建尽可能多的目标构型,并考虑燃料消耗均衡分配问题.本文介绍了该题目的解法,包括问题分析、求解方案以及相关计算结果.由于燃料最优控制问题可用能量最优控制问题近似,文中采用能量最优连续推力优化模型近似计算燃料最优控制律.首先通过优化分析两两构型之间的燃料消耗,确定了构建4种目标构型的次序;然后综合考虑构型保持时间约束以及相位约束,采用混合PSO(particle swarm optimization)算法进行全局优化;最后将影响燃料消耗指标的从星相对飞行轨迹的连续推力段转化为bang-bang控制.     

基于微分进化算法的深空轨道全局优化设计

针对多目标多任务的深空探测轨道设计问题,提出一种新的将探测目标、探测方式、探测顺序以及发射窗口同时作为优化变量, 并采用微分进化算法进行全局优化的设计方法. 使用该方法在只考虑太阳中心引力作用的二体模型下,基于圆锥曲线拼接法建立第三届全国深空轨道设计竞赛问题的优化模型并进行求解. 最后利用该方法求解ESA的ACT研究团队的深空探测任务算例并对结果进行对比分析. 结果表明, 提出的全局优化设计方法对解决多目标、多任务深空探测轨道优化设计问题是可行和有效的.      

基于RRT-GPM两阶策略的导弹编队协同突防最优轨迹快速设计

为了提高导弹编队的自主飞行能力,在考虑弹间协同相对运动关系(通信、避碰、探测)和突防硬/软约束的情况下,对弹群的多约束快速轨迹优化问题进行了研究。针对高斯伪谱法初值确定困难和快速搜索随机树法结果曲折不寻优难以满足动力学约束的不足,通过对高斯伪谱法快速性的分析和初值选取方法的研究,提出了快速搜索随机树+高斯伪谱法两阶快速轨迹优化策略,充分利用快速搜索随机树法的全空间搜索能力为高斯伪谱法提供寻优初始值,同时利用高斯伪谱法的快速性和最优性对快速搜索随机树法的结果进行平滑和进一步寻优,从而快速获得最优的弹群飞行轨迹。领-从弹编队飞行模式下的仿真结果表明,两阶策略能够快速获得满足各种约束的弹群最优飞行轨迹,优化时间约为单独高斯伪谱法所需时间的20%左右,很大程度上提高了轨迹优化的快速性和准确性,并且证明了不同约束条件对优化速度和优化结果的影响。     

基于脉冲星和小行星的组合导航在深空巡航段的应用

为提高航天器在深空探测巡航段的自主导航能力,提出一种利用脉冲星和小行星信息的自主导航系统.利用单X射线探测器测量脉冲星辐射的光子到达时间,利用导航相机获取小行星图像,经信号处理,获取脉冲星的脉冲到达时间和小行星中心点对应的像元像线,利用集中式扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行状态估计,并修正星载时钟钟差.以美国“深空一号”任务深空巡航段轨道为例进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性,能够完成深空探测器在巡航段的自主导航任务,同时,组合导航解决了基于小行星光学信息单独导航时的星载时钟钟差发散问题,且同光学导航相比,位置估计精度提高了57.18％.     

利用小行星视线矢量的火星探测光学自主导航研究

结合我国即将开展的自主火星探测计划,研究了航天器在火星探测巡航过程中利用小行星进行光学自主导航的整个过程. 根据巡航段的设计轨道,给出了导航小行星的筛选条件并筛选出可用于实际任务的导航小行星序列. 将自主导航的数据弧段长度设定为30d,数据观测周期为5d. 采用加权最小二乘滤波算法,当数据弧段长度为30d时,导航计算的位置误差在100～400km变化,速度误差不超过0.25m/s.      

演化算法求解桁架多目标拓扑优化的收敛速度研究

演化算法能够同时满足结构拓扑优化的前沿领域对全局优化、黑箱函数优化、组合优化和多目标优化的需求,但采用此类算法的可行性与必要性由其收敛性与计算效率决定。本文以应力约束桁架多目标拓扑优化问题为求解对象,致力于揭示在收敛性与计算效率两方面具有竞争力的算法。首先提出评估演化算法求解拓扑优化问题收敛性与计算效率的通用方法,采用穷举法严格推导了典型桁架多目标拓扑优化问题的全局最优解,并采用超体积指标定义了多层次收敛性能准则。最后通过比较研究得到不同收敛性需求下具有最快收敛速度的演化算法,并揭示了具有竞争力的算法机制。本研究为演化算法求解多目标拓扑优化问题的收敛速度奠定了理论基础,同时为高效求解实际工程拓扑优化问题提供算法支持。     

Low-thrust trajectory optimization in a full ephemeris model

The low-thrust trajectory optimization with complicated constraints must be considered in practical engineering. In most literature, this problem is simplified into a two-body model in which the spacecraft is subject to the gravitational force at the center of mass and the spacecraft＇s own electric propulsion only, and the gravity assist （GA） is modeled as an instantaneous velocity increment. This paper presents a method to solve the fuel-optimal problem of low-thrust trajectory with complicated constraints in a full ephemeris model, which is closer to practical engineering conditions. First, it introduces various perturbations, including a third body＇s gravity, the nonspherical perturbation and the solar radiation pressure in a dynamic equation. Second, it builds two types of equivalent inner constraints to describe the GA. At the same time, the present paper applies a series of techniques, such as a homotopic approach, to enhance the possibility of convergence of the global optimal solution.     

Pseudospectral method for optimal propellantless rendezvous using geomagnetic Lorentz force

A charged spacecraft is subject to the Lorentz force when it orbits a central body with a magnetic field. The induced Lorentz force provides a new mean of propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital control. Modeling the Earth magnetic field as a tilted dipole that co-rotates with the Earth, this paper develops a nonlinear dynamical model that describes the relative motion of the Lorentz spacecraft about an arbitrary reference orbit. Based on the proposed dynamical model, feasibility of Lorentz-propelled rendezvous with no restrictions on the initial states is investigated. The rendezvous problem is then formulated as an optimal control problem, and solved with the Gauss pseudospectral method (GPM). Numerical simulations substantiate the validity of proposed model and method, and results show that the propellantless rendezvous is achieved at both fixed and free final time.     

Optimal nonlinear feedback control of spacecraft rendezvous with finite low thrust between libration orbits

This paper presents the nonlinear closed-loop feedback control strategy for the spacecraft rendezvous problem with finite low thrust between libration orbits in the Sun–Earth system. The model of spacecraft rendezvous takes the perturbations in initial states, the actuator saturation limits, the measurement errors, and the external disturbance forces into consideration from an engineering point of view. The proposed nonlinear closed-loop feedback control strategy is not analytically explicit; rather, it is implemented by a rapid re-computation of the open-loop optimal control at each update instant. To guarantee the computational efficiency, a novel numerical algorithm for solving the open-loop optimal control is given. With the aid of the quasilinearization method, the open-loop optimal control problem is replaced successfully by a series of sparse symmetrical linear equations coupled with linear complementary problem, and the computational efficiency can be significantly increased. The numerical simulations of spacecraft rendezvous problems in the paper well demonstrate the robustness, high precision, and dominant real-time merits of the proposed closed-loop feedback control strategy.     

Discrete optimal control for Birkhoffian systems

In this paper, we investigate a discrete variational optimal control for mechanical systems that admit a Birkhoffian representation. Instead of discretizing the original equations of motion, our research is based on a direct discretization of the Pfaff–Birkhoff–d’Alembert principle. The resulting discrete forced Birkhoffian equations then serve as constraints for the minimization of the objective functional. In this way, the optimal control problem is transformed into a finite-dimensional optimization problem, which can be solved by standard methods. This approach yields discrete dynamics, which is more faithful to the continuous equations of motion and consequently yields more accurate solutions to the optimal control problem which is to be approximated. We illustrate the method numerically by optimizing the control for the damped oscillator.     

Optimal flow control for Navier–Stokes equations: drag minimization

Optimal control and shape optimization techniques have an increasing role in Fluid Dynamics problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). In this paper, we consider the problem of drag minimization for a body in relative motion in a fluid by controlling the velocity through the body boundary. With this aim, we handle with an optimal control approach applied to the steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. We use the Lagrangian functional approach and we consider the Lagrangian multiplier method for the treatment of the Dirichlet boundary conditions, which include the control function itself. Moreover, we express the drag coefficient, which is the functional to be minimized, through the variational form of the Navier–Stokes equations. In this way, we can derive, in a straightforward manner, the adjoint and sensitivity equations associated with the optimal control problem, even in the presence of Dirichlet control functions. The problem is solved numerically by an iterative optimization procedure applied to state and adjoint PDEs which we approximate by the finite element method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Trajectory planning and tracking control for autonomous bicycle robot

Control of the autonomous bicycle robot offers considerable challenges to the field of robotics due to its nonholonomic, underactuated, and nonminimum-phase properties. Furthermore, instability and complex dynamic coupling make the trajectory planning of the bicycle robot even more challenging. In this paper, we consider both trajectory planning and tracking control of the autonomous bicycle robot. The desired motion trajectory of the contact point of the bicycle’s rear wheel is constructed using the parameterized polynomial curve that can connect two given endpoints with associated tangent angles. The parameters of the polynomial curve are determined by minimizing the maximum of the desired roll angle’s equilibrium of the bicycle, and this optimization problem is solved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Then, a control scheme that can achieve full-state trajectory tracking while maintaining the bicycle’s balance is proposed by combining a planar trajectory tracking controller with a roll angle balance controller. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Low-thrust trajectory optimization for multiple target bodies tour mission

Spacecraft science missions to planets or asteroids have historically visited only one or several celestial bodies per mission. The research goal of this paper is to create a trajectory design algorithm that generates trajectory allowing a spacecraft to visit a significant number of asteroids during a single mission. For the problem of global trajectory optimization, even with recent advances in low-thrust trajectory optimization, a full enumeration of this problem is not possible. This work presents an algorithm to traverse the searching space in a practical fashion and generate solutions. The flight sequence is determined in ballistic scenario, and a differential evolution method is used with constructing a three-impulse transfer problem, then the local optimization is implemented with low-thrust propulsion on the basis of the solutions of impulsive trajectories. The proposed method enables trajectory design for multiple asteroids tour by using available low thrust propulsion technology within fuel and time duration constraints.     

Optimized adaptive tracking control for an underactuated vibro-driven capsule system

This paper studies the issue of adaptive trajectory tracking control for an underactuated vibro-driven capsule system and presents a novel motion generation framework. In this framework, feasible motion trajectory is derived through investigating dynamic constraints and kernel control indexes that underlie the underactuated dynamics. Due to the underactuated nature of the capsule system, the global motion dynamics cannot be directly controlled. The main objective of optimization is to indirectly control the friction-induced stick–slip motions to reshape the passive dynamics and, by doing so, to obtain optimal system performance in terms of average speed and energy efficacy. Two tracking control schemes are designed using a closed-loop feedback linearization approach and an adaptive variable structure control method with an auxiliary control variable, respectively. The reference model is accurately matched in a finite-time horizon. The key point is to define an exogenous state variable whose dynamics is employed as a control input. The tracking performance and system stability are investigated through rigorous theoretic analysis. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the developed trajectory model and optimized adaptive control system.