制备聚合物基/纳米SiO2复合材料的几种方法

聚合物基纳米SiO2复合材料由于兼具无机二氧化硅和有机硅的特性而具有广阔的应用前景。将纳米SiO2和有机硅聚合物有效地复合,形成无机-聚合物复合材料,是一个非常活跃的领域。本文总结了几种常用的制备聚合物基纳米SiO2复合材料的方法。     

制备聚合物基无机纳米SiO_2复合材料的几种方法

聚合物基纳米SiO2复合材料由于兼具无机二氧化硅和有机硅的特性而具有广阔的应用前景。将纳米SiO2和有机硅聚合物有效地复合,形成无机-聚合物复合材料,是一个非常活跃的领域。本文总结了几种常用的制备聚合物基纳米SiO2复合材料的方法。     

聚合物基无机纳米复合材料的制备方法Ⅱ.直接分散法和同时形成法

聚合物基无机纳米复合材料制备的关键问题是无机纳米粒子在聚合物基体中保持其纳米尺度的分散,本文主要讨论直接分散法、同时形成法制备聚合物基无机纳米材料的基本原理和技术要点。     

聚合物纳米材料研究进展——Ⅱ.聚合物/无机纳米复合材料

复合物纳米材料包括纳米聚合物和聚合物／无机纳米复合材料。本文综述了聚合物／无机纳米复合材料的研究进展，重点介绍了溶胶－凝胶法，原位生成法，模板法，插层复合，沉积法，机械粉碎，分子平壤 ，溶液或融混合法的研究进展。     

细乳液聚合法制备有机/无机纳米复合材料

无机纳米粒子的引入可以使聚合物材料获得抗菌、导电和防紫外等诸多特性,但无机纳米粒子在聚合物基质中易团聚、引入量少,难以充分发挥其优点。细乳液聚合法基于其独特的成核方式--液滴成核,能够提高无机纳米粒子在聚合物基中的分散性和引入量,且复合材料的形貌易于控制,是目前制备特殊形貌有机/无机纳米复合材料的一种有效手段。本文介绍了有机/无机复合纳米材料的细乳液制备过程,综述了近年来不同无机纳米粒子与有机基质复合的研究进展,例如：纳米SiO₂、纳米ZnO、金属纳米粒子、纳米氧化石墨烯等。最后就其发展现状提出了几点建议。     

一维聚合物-无机纳米复合材料的制备

近年来,一维聚合物-无机纳米复合材料因其独特的结构、优异的性能及广泛的应用前景而得到极大关注。由于无机相和聚合物相在纳米尺度的复合可显著提高材料的内在特性和功能,许多一维纳米复合材料在电子传输、光学特性、力学性能等方面表现优异,相关材料在电子器件、储能器件、光化学传感器、催化等领域具有潜在应用价值。本文基于一维聚合物-无机纳米复合材料多种不同的结构形式,综述了三种最常用的制备方法,即模板合成法、静电纺丝法和一维组装法,分别介绍了各种制备方法的原理,并对其特点和发展趋势进行了评述和展望。     

γ辐照引发无皂乳液聚合法一步合成Ag-聚4-乙烯基吡啶杂化微凝胶

无机-聚合物纳米复合材料是将聚合物与一种或多种无机纳米粒子复合而成的一种材料,它同时具有无机纳米粒子和聚合物的优良特性,在许多重要技术领域具有广泛的应用前景.近20年来,无机-聚合物纳米复合材料的制备及应用备受关注[1~6].包括杂化微凝胶在内的纳米复合微球是无机-聚合     

无机/有机纳米复合材料的研究进展*

分析总结了聚合物基无机纳米复合材料的各种制备方法、性质及其应用, 并对今后的发展作了展望。     

原位聚合法制备聚合物/纳米SiO_2复合材料的研究进展

纳米SiO_2改性聚合物制备的关键在于提高纳米粒子与聚合物基体的相容性及分散性;对纳米SiO_2进行不同的表面改性及选择合适的复合材料制备方法可以改变纳米粒子与聚合物基体的界面结合方式以及相容性和分散性,进而在不同程度上影响材料的性能.本文介绍了改性前后纳米SiO_2与聚合物基体的多种界面结合方式,对近年来利用原位聚合法制备聚合物/纳米SiO_2复合材料的研究现状和进展进行了综述.     

聚合物/量子点纳米复合材料的制备

量子点具有优异的光电性能,聚合物具有性质稳定、质轻、可加工性好等优点;将聚合物和量子点复合可综合两者的优点,同时还可使量子点的稳定性得以大幅度提高。得到的聚合物/量子点纳米复合材料应用领域广;其制备方法主要有简单易操作的直接分散法、在聚合物中原位生成量子点的原位生成法、在有量子点存在的聚合场所引发有机单体聚合的原位聚合法、层-层组装法以及在量子点表面直接修饰聚合物的表面直接修饰法。本文就这些制备方法进行了概要综述,并对各种方法的特点进行了总结。     

银/聚合物纳米复合材料

银/聚合物纳米复合材料是一种典型的聚合物基复合材料, 其结构和性能依赖于合成方法,因此开发材料的优异性能必须以深入研究纳米材料的先进合成技术为前提。本文综述了纳米银粒子及其与聚合物形成的纳米复合材料的最新合成进展, 重点介绍了基于液相化学还原方法合成纳米银粒子的新方法, 如溶胶-凝胶法、沉淀法、微乳液法和离子液体法, 以及纳米银粒子的分散技术和原位法合成银/聚合物纳米复合材料的新技术, 并介绍了纳米银复合材料的电绝缘性、表面增强拉曼散射性能、抗菌性及其在生物医学等领域中的应用。     

In situ latex synthesis of magnetic polymer nanocomposites for application in magnetorheological materials

A new magnetic polymer nanocomposite based on Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and nature rubber was prepared by the in situ latex method. This process was fast, versatile, reliable, safe, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive. The magnetorheological effect and mechanical properties of magnetic polymer nanocomposites were investigated in detail. The tensile strength of magnetic polymer nanocomposites without other reinforcing fillers was about 14.6 MPa. At the same time, the relative and absolute magnetorheological effect was about 365.0% and 3.64 MPa, respectively, which were almost 10 times with respect to other magnetic polymer nanocomposites based on nature rubber. Furthermore, the relationships between microstructure and mechanical behavior of magnetic polymer nanocomposites were simulated and discussed by the numerical treatment of a new theoretical model associated with finite element analysis for explaining the micro‐mechanism of magnetic polymer nanocomposites with high performance. The work did not only provide a universal route for the rational design and preparation of magnetic polymer nanocomposites with simultaneously high magnetic sensitivity and mechanical properties for various applications but also propose a new method to improve dispersion of magnetic particles in nature rubber for various applications.     

Novel polyaniline/titanium nitride nanocomposite: controllable structures and electrical/electrochemical properties

We first present the preparation of a new class of polyaniline (PANI)/titanium nitride (TiN) nanocomposites by in situ chemical polymerization in the presence of TiN nanoparticles. It was found that nanocrystalline TiN with an average diameter of approximately 20 nm incorporated and dispersed homogeneously within the polymer matrix, leading to enhanced conductivity and electrochemical activity. The interaction between nanocrystalline TiN and the polymer matrix was characterized by XRD, FTIR, and UV-vis spectra. Interestingly, the morphology and structure of the PANI/TiN were controlled by the content of TiN nanoparticles in the composites. Structural changes are observed at TiN > or = 30 wt %, where the in situ synthesis results in rod-shape composite particles. The electrical and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites were also affected by the structure. The mechanisms of the property changes with the TiN contents are discussed. The structural difference was used to explain the different activation energies for the conductance process in emeraldine base (EB)/TiN composites.     

新型水溶性大π共轭高分子——聚吡咯｛2,5-[双(对二甲氨基苯甲烯)]｝的合成

该研究合成了一种新型水溶性大π共轭高分子———聚吡咯 ｛２ ,５ ［ 二（ 对二甲氨基苯甲烯）］｝（ＰＰＤＭＡＢ） ,它能溶于强酸的水溶液,在１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 的盐酸中溶解度为０－５ ～１－０ｇ／１００ｍＬ．通过ＥＡ、ＸＰＳ、ＦＴ ＩＲ、ＵＶ Ｖｉｓ ＮＩＲ、Ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ ＵＶ Ｖｉｓ ＮＩＲ 对ＰＰＤＭＡＢ进行了结构表征．通过质子化、碘掺杂、浓硫酸（９８ ％ ） 掺杂等处理,ＰＰＤＭＡＢ的电导率提高２～４ 个数量级（δ＝ １０ － ７ ～１０－ ５Ｓ／ｃｍ） ．在质子化、去质子化的过程中ＰＰＤＭＡＢ发生了可逆的颜色变化,本征态（ 综色） 质子态（ 墨兰色） ．     

Magnetic polymer nanocomposites for environmental and biomedical applications

Hybrid nanomaterials have received voluminous interest due to the combination of unique properties of organic and inorganic component in one material. In this class, magnetic polymer nanocomposites are of particular interest because of the combination of excellent magnetic properties, stability, and good biocompatibility. Organic–inorganic magnetic nanocomposites can be prepared by in situ, ex situ, microwave reflux, co-precipitation, melt blending, and ceramic–glass processing and plasma polymerization techniques. These nanocomposites have been exploited for in vivo imaging, as superparamagnetic or negative contrast agents, drug carriers, heavy metal adsorbents, and magnetically recoverable photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants. This review article is mainly focused on fabrication of magnetic polymer nanocomposites and their applications. Different types of magnetic nanoparticles, methods of their synthesis, properties, and applications have also been reviewed briefly. The review also provides detailed insight into various types of magnetic nanocomposites and their synthesis. Diverse applications of magnetic nanocomposites including environmental and biomedical uses have been discussed.     

合成聚丙酰胺-硫属半导体复合纳米材料的新技术

在水溶液体系中采用同步聚合-水解技术（Simultaneous Polymerization-Hydrolysis）制备聚丙烯酰胺-半导体纳米复合材料。该SPH技术是基于丙烯酰胺单体的聚合和MS(M=Cd,Pb,Zn)纳米粒子的形成同步发生,使生成的半导体纳米粒子可均匀分散在聚丙烯酰胺基质中。该技术还为制备其它有机聚合物-金属硫化物纳米复合物提供了一种新途径。     

聚丙烯腈基聚合物电解质

详细介绍了锂离子电池用PAN（聚丙烯腈）基聚合物电解质的发展过程和制备方法，提出了PAN基凝胶型聚合物电解质所存在的主要问题，介绍了采用共聚和掺杂陶瓷材料对PAN的改性方法，并对聚合物电解质的离子传输机理作了初步探讨。     

Polymer Cages as Universal Tools for the Precise Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

A template synthesis allows the preparation of monodisperse nanoparticles with high reproducibility and independent from self‐assembly requirements. Tailor‐made polymer cages were used for the preparation of nanoparticles, which were made of cross‐linked macromolecules with pendant thiol groups. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared in the polymer cages in situ, by using different amounts of cages versus gold. The polymer cages exhibited a certain capacity, below which the AuNPs could be grown with excellent control over the size and shape. Control experiments with a linear diblock copolymer showed a continuous increase in the AuNP size as the gold feed increased. This completely different behavior regarding the AuNP size evolution was attributed to the flexibility of the polymer chain depending on cross‐linking. Moreover, the polymer cages were suitable for the encapsulation of AgNPs, PdNPs, and PtNPs by the in situ method.     

Functional inorganic nanofillers for transparent polymers

The integration of inorganic nanoparticles into polymers has been used for the functionalization of polymer materials with great success. Whereas in traditional polymer composites, micron sized particles or agglomerates typically cause significant light scattering hampering optical applications, in nanocomposites the particle dimensions are small enough for the production of highly transparent composites. A challenge for the generation of such materials is to develop an integrated synthesis strategy adapting particle generation, surface modification and integration inside the polymer. Surface grafting using polymerizable surfactants or capping agents allows for linking the particles to the polymer. Novel techniques such as in situ polymerization and in situ particle processing are beneficial to avoid aggregation of inorganic particles inside the polymer matrix. The functions associated with inorganic fillers are widespread. Layered silicates and related materials are nowadays commercially available for improving mechanical and barrier properties in packaging. With the availability of highly transparent materials, the focus has shifted towards optical functions such as luminescence and UV-protection in transparent polymers. IR-active fillers are used in laser-holography for transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites. Refractive index modulation and ultrahigh refractive index films were developed based on inorganic materials such as PbS. The integration of magnetic nanoparticles has a great potential for applications such as electromagnetic interference shielding and magneto-optical storage.This tutorial review will summarize functions associated with the integration of inorganic nanofillers in polymers with a focus on optical properties.