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1.
A level scheme of 144Gd has been established using the 144Sm(α, 4nγ) reaction and in-beam spectroscopy methods. Excitation functions, γ-ray angular distributions, γ-γ coincidence spectra, γ-spectra time related to the cyclotron beam bursts and conversion coefficients for the delayed transitions have been measured.The level scheme comprises 11 levels with spins up to I = 12. Two isomers, a 13 ± 2 ns, 7? state at 2471.4 keV and a 145 ± 30 ns, 10+ state at 3433.0 keV have been observed. The former has similar excitation energy as the 7? isomers in 142Sm, 140Nd and 138Ce and it may arise from the d32?1 × νh112?1} configuration although its lifetime seems to indicate some degree of collectivity. The 10+ state has a similar excitation energy as the 10+ isomer found in 138Ce and it may arise from the dominant νh112?2 configuration. Below the 10+ isomer in 144Gd only two excited states have positive parity; the hitherto known first 2+ and 4+ states. The 11+ and 12+ states must include four-particle configurations or they have to be of collective nature. The latter possibility is supported by the considerable E2/M1 mixture (≈ 20 %) observed for the 11+ to 10+ transition. An analysis of the systematics of ground band levels in the N = 80 isotones shows the same gradual behavior between the two VMI solutions previously found for the Te isotopes.  相似文献   

2.
The energy levels of 97Ru have been studied through the decay of 31.1 min 97gRh and 44.3 min 97mRh using Ge(Li), Si(Li), Nal, plastic and anthracene detectors in singles and in coincidence experiments. A total of 139 γ-rays were observed. Ninety-eight γ-rays have been placed into the decay schemes involving 38 excited levels in 97Ru. The level energy of 97mRh was determined to be 258.6 keV. The spin and parity of 97gRh and 97mRh are assigned as 92+and12?, respectively. The fraction of decay of the isomer by the isomeric transition was measured with the Si(Li) detector, and αk values were determined for strong transitions. The half-life of the 188.6 keV, 32+ state in 97Ru was determined as 0.23 ± 0.02 ns by delayed e-γ coincidence measurements. The nuclear structure of low-lying levels is compared with similar levels in other odd-mass nuclei (N = 53) isotones and Ru isotopes).  相似文献   

3.
Using the OSIRIS on-line isotope separator facility, the decays of 130Sn and 130, 132Sb have been studied. On the basis of singles γ and γ-γ coincidence Ge(Li) spectra and conversion electron Si(Li) measurements, level schemes for 130Sb, 130Te and 132Te have been constructed. The corresponding half-lives have been measured using multiscaling technique. The 3.8 min ground state of 130Sn populates only positive parity states in the πν?3 nucleus 130Sb: the energetically lowest 5+ state with the (π1g72, ν2d32) configuration assignment; the T12 = 3.6 ± 0.3 ns 4+ state at 70.0 keV; the 2+ state at 262.5 keV; the (0, 1)+ state at 697.2 keV; the 3+ state at 813.1 keV and the 1+ state at 1042.3 keV excitation energy. A 1.7 min isomeric state in 130Sn, with the tentative spin assignment (7?), populates several odd parity levels in 130Sb. These arise from the (π1g72, ν1h112-1) and/or (π2d52, ν1h112-1) configurations and are located 84.7 keV (6?), 144.9 keV (7?), 688.5 keV and 1044.0 keV above the 40 min 8? β- decaying state. No transitions between odd and even parity states have been observed.The most important excited states in 130Te found in the β? decay of the 6.6 min 130Sb 5+ state are: 839.4 keV, 2+; 1632.8 keV, 4+; 1815.1 keV, 6+; 2100.8 keV, 5?.Levels in the π2ν?2 nucleus 132Te were observed in the β? decays of the 2.8 min 132Sb (4+) and the 4.2 min 132Sb (8?) states. Unique spin and parity assignments have been given to the following states: 973.9 keV, 2+; 1670.7 keV, 4+; 1774.1 keV, 6+; 1924.7 keV, 7?; 2053.0 keV, 5?.  相似文献   

4.
The energy level structure of 101Ru was studied using the reactions 100Mo(α, 3n)101Ru and 100Mo(3He, 2n)101Ru. Excitation functions, γγ coincidences and γ-ray angular distributions were measured. Three ΔI = 2 cascades proceeding to a 52+, 72+ and 112? state were observed. A decay scheme is presented showing energies up to 5849 keV and spins up to 352. The bands are discussed within the framework of the Nilsson model with Coriolis coupling in which the recoil effect has been properly introduced.  相似文献   

5.
In order to resolve the controversy concerning the existence of an 868 keV γ-transition in the decay of 65d 85sSr and to determine the electron capture decay energy, radiochemically separated sources, Ge(Li), Ge(Li)-NaI(Tl), and NaI(Tl)-NaI(Tl) spectrometers have been used for singles and (X-ray-γ and γ-γ coincidence measurements. A γ-ray at 868.5±0.5 keV decaying with a 65±5 d half-life was conclusively identified in 85gSr decay. From measurements of the ratio Pκ(868.5)Pκ(514) of K-capture probabilities by (KX-ray-γ coincidences, a value of QEC was determined for the EC decay feeding the 868.5 keV transition. Thus, a level in 85Rb is established at 868.5 keV, and an upper limit of 0.45 μsec is set on its lifetime.  相似文献   

6.
Excited states in 82Kr have been studied in the reaction 80Se(α, 2n) by using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. Measurements of γγ coincidences, excitation functions, angular distributions and the linear polarization of the γ-rays have been carried out. All together, 38 levels have been identified up to I = 12h? and excitation energies up to 6 MeV. For 23 of these levels the mean lifetime could be determined by Doppler shift and the pulsed-beam γ-timing methods. Most of the levels could be grouped into collective bands according to measured B(E2) values. Two sequences, Iπ = 8+, 10+, 12+, are interpreted as rotation-aligned 2q.p. bands built up on g92 protons and neutrons, respectively. Interaction matrix elements between these bands were deduced as V ? 10 keV. Additional states, Iπ = (6+), 7+, 8+, indicate coexistence of rotation-aligned and deformation-aligned 2q.p. excitations. An odd-parity ΔI = 1 band is ascribed to proton excitations of the type g92 ? P32f52. Several fast M1 transitions with B(M1) = 0.1–1 W.u. have been observe states of equal spin. They are interpreted as being due to configuration mixing.  相似文献   

7.
An investigation of the γ-decay of the 1g92 analogue state in 59Cu has been performed using the 58Ni(p, γ)59Cu reaction. The (p, γ) excitation function has been taken in the range Ep = 3450–3650 keV. The decay schemes of the (p, γ) resonances at Ep = 3483, 3532 and 3547 keV, measured with Ge(Li) detectors, lead to eight new levels in 59Cu with excitation energies between 1.8 and 4.7 MeV and to spin assignments of several states. The spins of the first two resonances are found to be (12, 32) and (52). The spin of the Ep = 3547 keV resonan is, from angular distributions, uniquely determined to be Jπ = 92+ and this state is found to be the unfragmented analogue state of the E1 = 3.062 MeV, Jπ = 92+ parent state in 59Ni. The measured complete decay scheme of this resonance shows that its isovector M1 decay is in disagreement with all existing theoretical predictions.  相似文献   

8.
A pulsed proton beam and coaxial Ge(Li) detector were used to study the time dependence of the angular distribution of γ-rays resulting from the decay of the 879 keV state in 70Ga, as excited by the 70Zn(p, n)70Ga reaction. A strong time-dependent attenuation of anisotropy was observed. The unperturbed value of the angular distribution is consistent with the assignment of spin I = 4 to the 879 keV level. The half-life of the 879 keV state was measured to be T12 = 22.7 ± 0.5 ns.  相似文献   

9.
92, 94Nb and 94, 96, 98Tc have been produced by the (p, n) reaction at proton energies on and near the d52 isobaric analog resonance. 95,97Tc have been produced by the (p, γ) reaction below the (p, n) threshold. Internal conversion electrons due to the decay of their excited states were detected on-line with a mini-orange spectrometer which is optimized for the energy range 50 to 500 keV. Gamma rays from these nuclei were detected with a thin Ge(Li) detector. Isomeric-delayed internal conversion electrons and γ-rays were observed, using a nanosecond-pulsed beam. The internal conversion coefficients for 55 transitions in these nuclei have been determined and their multipolarities deduced. The multipolarity of the transitions in these nuclei is predominantly M1. Negative parities have been assigned through use of the d52 isobaric analog resonance enhancements of the population of negative-parity final states. The systematic behavior of the 2?, 3? doublet and of the g92 ? d52 multiplet in these nuclei is discussed.  相似文献   

10.
The γ-ray decay spectrum of 82 s 59Cu produced by the 58Ni(p, γ) 59Cu reaction has been studied with a 40 cm3 Ge(Li) detector. The number of γ-rays now known for this decay has more than doubled. Additional direct β+ branches to the 1679.7(52?), 2414.8(32?) and 2681 keV states of 59Ni have been identified with log ft values of 5.5, 5.5 and 6.0, respectively. A major change is the reassignment of the 1340.4 keV γ-ray to a 1679.7 → 339.3 keV transition. A limit of log ft ≧ 6.9 is given for the direct feeding of the 1337(72?) keV state, together with limits for direct population of other energetically available states. The new weak γ-ray branches found for the 878.0, 1301.5 and 1679.7 keV levels are in excellent agreement with the recent theoretical calculations of Glaudemans et al.  相似文献   

11.
The properties of high-spin states in 205At have been investigated to J ? 372 and an excitation energy of > 4.0 MeV. The properties of the 292+ isomer at 2340 keV have been established and those of the 252+ isomer at 2063 keV have been further investigated. In the present study the mean lives of these isomers have been determined as 11.2±0.2μs and 98±2 ns respectively. The M2 branch of the 132+ state at 970 keV to the 92+ ground state has been measured. This decay is attributed to a proton single-particle i132h92 transition. The trend of excitation energies of a number of proton excitations in the odd-mass nuclei from 211At to 201At has been compared to the corepolarization model and the average νf52?1 πf72 interaction energy has been deduced. Comments are made upon probable configurations for many of the levels.  相似文献   

12.
The 6164, 6284, 6310, 6383, 6480, 6777 and 6803 keV states have been studied via the capture reactions 14N(α, γ)18F and 17O(p, γ)18F. These studies yield respective assignments of JπT = 3+(1), 2+(0+1), 3+(0), 2+(0+1), 3+(0), 4+(0) and 1+, 2 or 3+(0). Information on radiative widths, branching and multipole mixing ratios is reported. The 6164 and 6777 keV states are well described theoretically by simple (d52s12)3+and (d52d324+ configurations, respectively. The 2+ states at 6284 and 6383 keV are mixed in isospin. A comparison of the observed properties with the available model calculations is presented for the above states as well as for some low-lying positive-parity states.  相似文献   

13.
α-spectrometry using Si(Au) detectors has been performed with thin samples of 237Np; αγ bi-parametric coincidences have permitted an analysis and unfolding of the spectrum and give data about the level scheme. Direct and α-coincident γ-spectra have been measured using Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detectors, obtaining the characteristic electromagnetic transitions in 233Pa. Nine new γ-transitions are found, relative to the most recent compilation made by Ellis. In the level scheme, the existence of a level at 306.1 keV is confirmed. A level at 257.1 keV, previously suggested, is evidenced. The level at 300.5 keV is proposed as the 72? component of the 52(523) band, hence proposing the 306.1 keV level as the 72+ term of the 52(642) band.  相似文献   

14.
The 113, 115In(α, 3nγ)114, 116Sb reactions have been studied using γ-ray spectroscopic techniques. The experiments included γ-ray excitation function, γ-γ coincidence, lifetime, γ-ray angular distribution and conversion electron measurements. A ΔJ = 1 rotational band has been observed in either of the 114, 116Sb final nuclei. Energy spacings and electromagnetic properties of the band show strong resemblances with those of rotational bands in the adjacent odd-mass Sb nuclei. In addition two-quasiparticle and two-quasiparticle core coupled states have been observed in these nuclei. One isomer was identified in 116Sb, i.e. a Jπ = 11+ state at 1889 keV (T12 = 4.0±0.1 ns). A simple model is proposed which explains the ΔJ = 1 band in terms of rotational alignment of the h112 neutron with the deformed rotating odd-A core.  相似文献   

15.
The decay of 161Yb (T12 = 4.2 min) has been investigated with Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detectors and a toroidal β-spectrometer. Isobarically separated samples produced by the YASNAPP facility at Dubna Institute were used. The singles γ-ray spectrum, the conversion electron spectrum, γ-γ-τ and e-γ coincidences have been measured. In all, 67 γ-ray transitions have been observed. A decay scheme for 161Yb is proposed involving 12 excited states in 161Tm. The 72+[404], 72?[523] and 52+[402] levels have been identified. The interpretation of the high-lying levels is discussed. The Q-value of 161Yb decay has been determined to be 3850 ± 250 keV. The A-dependence of the energies of the one-quasiparticle states in odd-A Tm isotopes is demonstrated.  相似文献   

16.
Gamma and electron spectra following thermal neutron capture on 99Tc have been studied with a bent-crystal spectrometer, Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detectors and a magnetic spectrometer. Prompt and delayed γ-γ coincidences with Ge(Li) detectors have been performed. A level scheme is proposed for 100Tc comprising 21 excited states up to 640 keV. The binding energy of the last neutron in 100Tc was deduced. For most levels, spin and parity values were assigned. Two isometric transitions of respective half-lives 10.2 and 4.6 μs have been identified using the 100Mo(d, 2n)100Tc reaction with a pulsed beam of deuterons. From the comparison of the present (n, γ) study and the collaborative study of the 99Tc(d, p) reaction, several members of the multiplets πg92νg72, πg92νg52, πg92νs12 and πp12νd52 have been identified.  相似文献   

17.
Nuclear states of 82Rb were studied through the 81Br(α, 3n) reaction at various bombarding energies between 30 and 55 MeV. Excitation functions, γ-ray angular distributions, γ-γ coincidences and γ-time distributions with respect to the beam bursts were determined. Levels at 123.2, 187.7, 233.6, 796.3, 1214.1 keV and tentatively at 1835.5 keV were observed. It was not possible to establish whether the lowest state of the proposed level scheme corresponds to the ground state or to the T12 = 6.2 h isomeric state. The 45.9 and 64.5 keV γ-rays do not exhibit any measurable lifetime and a limit T12 ≦ 5 ns has been determined. The situation is similar for the 123.2 keV γ-ray, although in this case the presence of a long-lived component cannot be ruled out.  相似文献   

18.
The γ-decay of states in 41K and 41Ar populated in the reactions 2H(40Ar, n)41K and 2H(40Ar, p)41Ar has been investigated at a bombarding energy of 56 MeV. Using the Doppler shift attenuation method and three different stopping materials, mean lifetimes were determined for the states in 41K at 980 keV (0.5±0.2 ps), 1560 keV (0.6?0.2+0.3ps), 1698 keV (0.1?0.1+0.2ps), 2144 keV (0.8?0.2+0.3ps) and in 41Ar at 1354 keV (0.664?0.08+0.09ps). Shell-model calculations have been performed for the positive parity states in 41K using a model space of a proton hole in the 1d32 and 2s12 orbits and two neutrons in the 1f72 orbit. The resulting excitation energies and electromagnetic properties of the low-lying states are in good agreement with experiment. An empirical value for a [Y2s]1 contribution in the effective M1 operator is obtained.  相似文献   

19.
The lifetimes of five excited states in 197Au up to an excitation energy of 885 keV were measured by the recoil-distance method (RDM). These levels were populated by Coulomb excitation using both 90 MeV 20Ne and 120 MeV 35Cl ion beams. The experimentally determined spectroscopy of the low-lying levels 32+ (ground state) and 12+, 322+, 52+, and 72+ at 77.3, 268.8, 278.9, and 547.5 keV excitation energy, respectively, has been critically compared with the detailed predictions of the de-Shalit weak-coupling core-excitation model. When the model is taken to represent the case of a d32 proton hole coupled to a 198Hg core, the model parameters obtained are in accord with the criteria implicit for weak core coupling and, at the same time, are in remarkably good agreement with virtually all measured E2 and M1 transition rates.  相似文献   

20.
The decay of 74Kr has been studied. Its half-life was determined to be T12 = 11.50 ± 0.11 min. A decay scheme is proposed, based on γ-γ and β+-γ coincidence measurements, which takes account of 99 % of the strength of 57 observed γ-rays. The total decay energy was measured to be QEC = 3327 ± 125 keV. The decay feeds the (0, 1)?, T12 = 25.3 min isomer of 74Br.  相似文献   

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