Optics of broadband infrared diagnostics for accelerators

This review is devoted to an analysis of the properties and potentiality of optical synchrotron diagnostics, which is now a flexible means to study bunches (beams) of charged particles during their acceleration (storage) and interaction. The review briefly describes the history and main optical features of the devices used in experimental investigations of synchrotron radiation, beginning with the studies at the Lebedev Physical Institute. More elaborately considered is the infrared synchrotron method of diagnostics, which was developed at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and is based on optical methods developed at the Lebedev Physical Institute and Moscow State University. The main attention of the practical experiments is focused on designing, creating, and using special (broadband and long-focus) infrared optics, including mirrors, lenses, and heat-resistant windows. The merits and advantages of infrared diagnostics in comparison with optical diagnostics are shown in real examples.     

基于菲涅耳微透镜的光学加速度传感器原理研究

目前航空业惯性导航系统中广泛采用的加速度传感器存在抗电磁干扰（EMI）和电磁冲击（EMP）能力差等缺陷，针对此提出了一种基于菲涅耳衍射微透镜的光学加速度传感器，它能够有效地解决上述问题。该传感器的传感原理是把一个反光膜平行地置于微透镜的后方，根据微透镜前方汇聚点处光强的变化来敏感加速度的大小。通过Fresnel-Kirchhoff衍射公式详细推导了传感器的光学原理，并且对光纤的偏移对光强的影响进行了计算机模拟分析。结果表明：光纤接收的光强对反光膜的位置具有纳米级的灵敏度，并且对光纤沿微透镜焦平面方向的偏移极其敏感，当此偏移超过2μm，光强就会下降至不足理想情况下的50%。验证性实验结果表明这种传感器的原理是正确的。     

实时离子探测器——塑料闪烁体性能的实验研究

利用静电离子加速器对实时离子探测器——塑料闪烁体的特性 (包括灵敏度、动态范围、能量响应, 及空间分辨等)进行了实验研究,并对闪烁体探测器与其他传统的离子探测器的特性进行了比较. 对闪烁体在激光等离子体实验的离子束诊断中的可能应用进行了探讨.塑料闪烁体的应用可满足高重复频率激光等离子体离子加速实验高效率运行的要求,为实验研究提供强有力的支持.     

基于相对论电子束的太赫兹源

太赫兹辐射在基础科学和产业应用中具有重要的应用前景,但传统的电子学和光学方法难以在1～10 THz产生相干的高功率、窄带且连续可调的太赫兹辐射。基于相对论性超短电子束和预调制电子束序列的加速器太赫兹源将能在上述范围内产生可调的高能谱强度窄带太赫兹辐射。综述了清华大学加速器实验室近年来在基于相对论电子束的加速器太赫兹源方面的理论和实验进展,以及与加速器太赫兹源一起发展起来的太赫兹辐射测量、束流诊断和先进加速技术。     

基于背景纹影波前传感技术的气动光学波前重构与校正

背景纹影波前传感(backgroud oriented schlieren based wavefront sensing, BOS-WS) 是利用背景纹影技术测量光学波前二维分布的新型实验手段, 可定量测量光线通过干扰场后产生的光学畸变并给出光程差. 为了利用BOS-WS技术获得光线因气动光学效应产生的畸变信息, 并通过已知畸变信息还原原始图像, 进而探索一种新型的超声速成像制导方法, 本文通过理论分析, 验证了利用背景纹影技术测量光学波前的方法, 探索了利用已知波前信息预测畸变位移场以及利用已知位移场进行波前重构的计算方法. 通过数值模拟比较了一阶梯形积分算法和Southwell方法在波前重构上的误差大小和结果合理性, 并通过误差分析证明了Southwell方法更加精确合理. 通过蜡烛火焰上方流场畸变实验和透镜对波前的扰动实验, 创造性地探索了利用已知光学光程差还原畸变位移场及用其校正畸变图像的方法, 并通过验证性实验证明了校正方法的有效性.     

A novel active optical approach for acceleration measurement based on a Y-shaped cavity dual-frequency laser

A novel active optical approach for acceleration measurement based on a Y-shaped cavity dual-frequency laser is presented and demonstrated. Applied acceleration causes a change in the refractivity of sensing gas in one of the two cavities, resulting in a beat frequency variation between two orthogonal polarized lights. As a result, this approach produces a modulation of beat frequency strictly proportional to the input acceleration. Preliminary experiments with a 632.8 nm Y-shaped cavity He–Ne dual-frequency laser confirm the validity of the laser sensor. The experimental results show that the laser sensor in this approach characterizes a nearly linear response to the input acceleration, which is a projection of gravitational acceleration. The experimental values of the scale factors are mostly in good agreement with theoretical ones. By optimizing the optical and geometrical parameters of the laser sensor, an acceleration measurement resolution of 10^?5–10^?6 gravitational acceleration (within ±5 g measurement range) could be expected. Furthermore, we investigate the principle about the sign of the scale factor in detail, and propose a simple but efficient method to distinguish the direction of the acceleration acted on the laser sensor.     

Photoinduced ion transfer in heterojunctions based on solid electrolytes with a mixed ionic-electronic (hole) conductivity

The concept of photoinduced ion transfer in heterojunctions based on solid electrolytes with a mixed ionic-electronic (hole) conductivity is justified. This concept is confirmed by the experiments on photo-deposition of a metal in a heterojunction based on a solid electrolyte with a mixed conductivity. The possibility of using heterojunctions based on a solid electrolyte layer with a mixed ionic-electronic (hole) conductivity for optical recording of information is considered.     

Plasma expansion and band-gap renormalization in CdTe and GaP

Detailed experimental and theoretical investigations, based on direct excite and probe experiments and on line-shape analysis, on the influence of many-body interaction, polar interaction, and transport effects on the energetic position and shape of the electron-hole plasma (EHP) emmission are reported. The comparison of optical EHP properties in an indirect (GaP) and a direct (CdTe) semiconductor of similar polarity offers the possibility of a separation of drift effects and polar effects with respect to band-gap renormalization. Direct evidence of a fast plasma drift in CdTe is obtained by thickness sensitive optical excite and probe experiments.     

波长扫描法布里-泊罗光纤加速度计的研究

利用光纤传感器的独特优点 ,用波长扫描法将 Fabry- Perot干涉仪 (以下简称 FPI)和传统加速度计相结合 ,得到了较好的分辨率。分析了在 FPI中多光束干涉对双光束干涉的影响。实验研究表明 ,它对由振动引起的位移 (加速度 )变化相当灵敏     

A ballistic gravimeter with dropping holographic grating

The principle of operation of a ballistic laser gravimeter based on a dropping holographic diffraction grating is described. The free-fall acceleration of the grating is determined from a change in the frequency of beats that arise during the interference of light beams diffracted on the hologram in the zeroth and first orders of diffraction. An experiment demonstrating this principle of measurement is described. The main distinctive features of the proposed gravimeter are simple design, compact size, and the possibility of using this device for analysis of high-frequency fluctuations in the gravitational-field strength.     

基于迈克耳孙干涉仪分析微波源谱分布实验

本实验是对近代物理实验中微波光特性实验的迈克耳孙干涉实验内容的拓展,在分析傅里叶变换光谱原理的基础上,利用微波分光仪,基于离散傅里叶变换成功分析了两个已知微波源的谱分布。     

Experimental study of the acceleration of protons emitted from thin foils irradiated by ultrahigh-contrast laser pulses

Experimental results are presented for proton acceleration from the back of a target irradiated by laser pulses with intensities up to 2 × 10¹⁹ W/cm² generated by the SOKOL-P facility. The proton acceleration efficiency increases with decreasing of the target thickness. However, thin targets are destroyed by the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) prepulse before the main pulse arrival. An additional optical switch based on a Pockels cell has been used in the amplification section to carry out the experiments with ultrathin foils. As a result, the energy contrast with respect to the ASE prepulse has been increased up to 4 × 10⁶. Owing to high contrast, the experiments on studying proton acceleration from foils with thicknesses less than 100 nm have been carried out.     

基于激光多普勒技术扭振测量的研究

提出一种基于激光多普勒技术和光学外差原理对高速回转机械进行扭振测量的新方法,分析了工作原理,推导出光路部分的数学模型,并通过实验分别验证了测量方法的可行性和准确性。高相干激光投射到转轴同一个截面上2点,反射光的多普勒频移正比于转轴转速,通过光学配置,使前后两个时刻的多普勒频移光信号在光探测器上发生光学混频,光电流拍差正比于转轴在两个时刻的速度差,控制两个时刻时间差很小,直接得到角加速度。与其他激光多普勒扭振测量方法相比,该方法直接测量转动角加速度,在保证测量精度的前提下,提高了扭转振动测量的实时性,极大地扩展了扭振测量的动态范围,对大型回转机械运行状态监测和故障诊断具有重要意义。     

向列相液晶中光学相位共轭技术的研究进展

对向列相液晶中光学相位共轭技术的研究进展进行了介绍,分析总结了向列相液晶中光学相位共轭过程的机理与实验方法,并对向列相液晶中的光学相位共轭技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

Interferometric methods for suppressing additive noise

Interferometric methods for signal processing, which make it possible to obtain a better noise protection of information laser and optoelectronic systems during detection and processing of optical fields under conditions for external additive noise, are proposed based on the results of analysis of the specific features of field formation in passive and active optical interferometers. The possibility of reducing the effect of external factors on the efficiency of additive-noise suppression by supplementing an interferometer with a stimulated-Brillouin-scattering fiber mirror is investigated. The technical feasibility of the methods proposed is shown and their efficiency is experimentally confirmed.     

飞秒激光-固体靶相互作用中渡越辐射的测量

 为了探索超热电子的加热机制，利用光学CCD相机和OMA光学多道分析仪，分别在靶背法线方向测量了光学渡越辐射（OTR）积分成像图案和光谱。实验在100 TW掺钛蓝宝石激光器上进行，飞秒激光与铜膜靶作用后，靶表面发光信号由空间分辨装置聚焦成像并引到CCD或OMA谱仪的狭缝上。测得的积分成像图案呈圆环状，光斑形成区域直径约为225 μm，在圆环边缘附近出现局部化明亮光信号，该现象表明，超热电子在传输的过程中存在成丝效应，其分布也不均匀。光谱在300～500 nm之间出现一系列非周期锐利尖峰，在400 nm（2ω0）附近出现的尖峰应归因于v×B加热机制产生的超热电子引起的相干渡越辐射（CTR）。     

Simulation of time-resolved vibronic spectra and the possibility of analyzing molecules with similar spectral properties

The possibility of using time-resolved vibronic spectroscopy for spectral analysis of mixtures of chemical compounds with similar optical properties, when traditional methods (based on stedy-state spectra) are inefficient, is demonstrated by using the method of computer simulation. The analysis is carried out by the example of molecules of a series of polyenes (butadiene, hexadiene, octatetraene, decapentaene, and decatetraene), their various cis-and trans-rotational isomers, and phenyl-substituted polyenes. Ranges of relative concentrations of molecules similar in their spectral properties, where reliable interpretation of time-resolved spectra of mixtures and both qualitative and quantitative analyses are possible, are determined. The use of computer simulation methods for optimizing full-scale experiments in femtosecond spectroscopy is shown to hold much promise.     

Methods for detecting acceleration radiation in a Bose-Einstein condensate

We propose and study methods for detecting Unruh-like acceleration radiation effects in a Bose-Einstein condensate in a (1+1)-dimensional setup. The Bogoliubov vacuum of a Bose-Einstein condensate is used to simulate a scalar field theory, and accelerated atom dots or optical lattices serve as detectors of phonon radiation due to acceleration effects. In particular, we study the dispersive effects of the Bogoliubov spectrum on the ideal case of exact thermalization. Our results suggest that acceleration radiation effects can be observed using currently accessible experimental methods.     

Double Security Level in Optical Communication Systems Using Combined Modulation Formats

A new optical communication system exhibiting a double security level is presented. Information coding is based on combined modulation formats of two data streams over the same optical carrier. Incoherent and coherent optical encryption algorithms are presented and are theoretically analyzed. The optical encryption method is transparent to data bit rates. Furthermore, it requires "on-line" data decoding with no possibility of recording and further processing. The incoherent scheme is very practical and can be implemented in existing optical communications systems, using currently available technology. Computer experiments of the incoherent method indicate less than 25 dB of signal to noise ratio required for 10-9 bit error rate and ineligible information decoding time of more than 10 8 years.