聚(ε-己内酯)/苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物共混物相容性的研究

本文采用DSC、IR方法研究了聚ε-己内酯PCL苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物SAN共混物的相容性。观察到共混物只表现出单一的玻璃化转变温度。而且随着含量的增加,半结晶高聚物的熔点下降,利用Flory-Huggins方程计算出共混体系的相互作用参数x_(23)计算结果表明该体系是热力学相容的。红外光谱的研究表明两种高聚物的这种相容性,是由于PCL中的羰基和SAN中的α-氢的氢键相互作用引起的。     

聚碳酸酯与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物共混体系相容性及其对光学性能的影响

利用分子内链段排斥性相互作用理论研究了聚碳酸酯 (PC) 苯乙烯 丙烯腈共聚物 (SAN)共混体系中组份分子量及SAN共聚比例对体系相容性的影响规律 ,确定了获得均相的PC SAN共混体系的条件 ,考察了体系相容性与光学性能之间的关系 .通过实验获得了均相的PC SAN共混物 ;研究结果表明PC聚合度为 90、SAN聚合度为 3 0的PC SAN(S体积含量为 68%)体系共混比在 60∶40附近时体系的双折射能够实现补偿 ,紫外透光率达到 70 %.     

S、MMA、AN中二元共聚物与一均聚物共混的裂解色谱分析

在前一文中,对苯乙烯(S)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯腈(AN)三元共聚物和三均聚物共混     

不同苯乙烯含量的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯无规共聚物与聚偏氟乙烯共混体系的相容性研究

用DSC、扫描电镜、雾点测量仪等手段,对不同组成的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯无规共聚物(MS)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVF_2)共混体系的相容性进行了研完。结果表明,随着苯乙烯在MS共聚物中含量的增多,PVF_2/MS共混体系在无定形态时由相容逐渐转变为半相容体系。测定了该体系的最低临界相容温度曲线。     

用苯乙烯-丙烯腈无规共聚物作增容剂改善聚碳酸酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯相容性的研究

对聚碳酸酯（ＰＣ）／苯乙烯 丙烯腈无规共聚物（ＰＳＡＮ）／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）三元共混物，运用平均场理论，通过二元链段相互作用参数χｉｊ计算了其中三个二元对共混组成的相互作用参数χｂｌｅｎｄ，并计算了三元共混体系的ｓｐｉｎｏｄａｌ曲线．由此预测了三元共混物相容的条件，讨论了ＰＳＡＮ组成，各聚合物分子量对体系相容性的影响，并进行了实验验证．结果表明通过适当控制共聚组成和分子量，ＰＳＡＮ可以作为ＰＣ和ＰＭＭＡ共混物的增容剂，并可以通过仅改变ＰＳＡＮ在共混物中的比例来改善体系的相容性，直至得到完全均相的三元共混物．     

不同苯乙烯含量的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯无规共聚物与聚偏氟乙烯共混体系的相容性研究

 用DSC、扫描电镜、雾点测量仪等手段,对不同组成的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯无规共聚物(MS)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVF_2)共混体系的相容性进行了研完。结果表明,随着苯乙烯在MS共聚物中含量的增多,PVF₂/MS共混体系在无定形态时由相容逐渐转变为半相容体系。测定了该体系的最低临界相容温度曲线。     

分子间相互作用对聚肽共聚物/聚苯乙烯衍生物共混体系自组装形貌影响的研究

合成了两亲性的聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸酯)-b-聚乙二醇(PBLG-b-PEG)聚肽刚-柔嵌段共聚物和聚苯乙烯(PS)均聚物及多种聚苯乙烯衍生物,包括聚(4-乙酰氧基苯乙烯)(PAS)均聚物、聚(4-羟基苯乙烯)(PVPh)均聚物和聚(苯乙烯-co-4-乙酰氧基苯乙烯)(P(S-co-AS))共聚物.用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等表征了聚合物的结构、分子量及分布.采用共溶剂溶解、选择性溶剂透析的方法,制备了PBLG-b-PEG嵌段共聚物与不同PS衍生物(包括PS均聚物)共混体系的自组装聚集体,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征了自组装体的形貌和结构.研究发现,不同的分子间相互作用(如π-π共轭作用、偶极-偶极相互作用、氢键作用等)对共混体系的自组装形貌有显著的影响.PBLG-b-PEG/PS共混体系自组装可形成表面具有条纹结构的"毛线球"聚集体,该体系中PBLG和PS之间形成π-π共轭作用,相互作用强度相对较弱;PBLG-b-PEG/PAS共混体系自组装可形成表面基本光滑并有轻微凹陷的球形聚集体,该体系中PBLG和PAS之间除了π-π共轭作用,还可形成相对较强的偶极-偶极相互作用;而PBLG-b-PEG/PVPh共混体系自组装得到了囊泡,该体系中PBLG与PVPh之间可形成π-π共轭和氢键作用,相互作用强度进一步增强.对于PBLG-b-PEG/P(S-co-AS)共混体系,可通过改变P(S-co-AS)共聚物中AS摩尔分数和制备温度来调控自组装聚集体表面的条纹形貌.根据PBLG链段与不同PS衍生物(包括PS均聚物)之间不同的分子间相互作用,提出了上述聚集体形貌转变的机理.     

S-MMA-AN三元共聚物和三均聚物共混的裂解色谱分析

三种或三种以上单体的多元共聚物和共混物是改造材料性能的极重要途径之一。多元共聚物与相应均聚物的多元共混物因微观结构的显著差别而引起性能上的很大差异。故如何利用一种简便快速的方法,鉴别体系是共聚物还是均聚物的共混物以及共聚物和共混物的组成、结构等与性能的关系是值得探讨的问题。 关于共聚物和共混物的组成及结构分析方法有多种,裂解色谱法(PGC)是简便易行的方法之一。本文采用居里点PGC研究苯乙烯(S)—甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)—丙烯腈(AN)三元共聚物和三单体均聚物的共混物的组成分析,以及结构差异的鉴别等。     

丙烯酸丁酯/4-乙烯基吡啶共聚物与聚氯乙烯共混相容性的研究

合成了系列丙烯酸丁酯/4-乙烯基吡啶共聚物[P(BAVP)].以四氢呋喃为溶剂,用溶剂浇铸法制备了一系列P(BAVP)与聚氯乙烯(PVC)的共混物.动态力学性能测试表明:共混物中吡啶环含量高于1%(摩尔百分含量)的共混物呈均相,即共聚物与PVC相容.P(BAVP)/PVC共混物的T_g随PVC含量和乙烯基吡啶链段含量增加而提高.由红外光谱分析推论出:P(BAVP)分子间的作用力比PBA分子间作用力弱,从而使P(BAVP)与PVC的相容性提高.     

均聚物/共聚物共混体系的相行为研究进展

通过控制均聚物与共聚物共混过程中的相行为,能够得到许多性能优异的材料。本文从理论和实验两方面总结了影响均聚物／共聚物共混体系相容性和形态结构的因素,主要包括均聚物的分子量、浓度,共聚物的组成、结构、浓度,与均聚物相应的共聚物组分的分子量,共聚物分子内的相互作用,均聚物与共聚物分子间的相互作用等。     

Synthesis and characterization of ABA triblock copolymers containing poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) as A blocks and tetramethyl bisphenol-A polysulfone as B blocks

α, β-Bis(hydroxyphenol) tetramethyl bisphenol-A polysulfone (PSUT) was synthesized by two different methods, one using a strong base, the other using a weak base. The bifunctional polysulfone containing tetramethyl bisphenol-A chain ends was exploited as a model telechelic that can be used for the preparation of ABA triblock copolymers containing poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) as A segments and PSUT as B segments. PSUT and PPO were incorporated into triblock copolymers by an oxidative coupling copolymerization of PSUT with 2,6-dimethylphenol or by the redistribution of PPO in the presence of PSUT. The mechanism of block copolymerization is discussed. DSC studies indicate that short immiscible PPO and PSUT segments incorporated into a triblock copolymer do not exhibit phase separation. Polymer blends of the PPO–PSUT–PPO triblock copolymers with PPO homopolymer were analyzed by DSC. Both miscible and phase-separated blends can be prepared depending on the molecular weight of both PPO homopolymer and of the PPO segment present in the triblock copolymer. Polymer blends of the PPO–PSUT–PPO triblock copolymer with PSUT were miscible at all compositions.     

Compatibilizing effect of transesterification product between components in bisphenol-A polycarbonate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blend

The compatibilizing effect of a random copolymer, which is the transesterification product, on its corresponding blend system of bisphenol-A polycarbonate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PC/PET) has been studied using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter and a Phase Contrast Microscope. It was found that after a long time of transesterification between PET and PC (50/50, wt %), the obtained product, that is, TCET random copolymer, is miscible with individual homopolymers of PC and PET. The addition of the TCET copolymer into the immiscible PC/PET blend can make the glass transitions of the PC-rich phase and PET-rich phase approach each other, and eventually merge into a single glass transition when the content of TCET in the ternary mixture reaches 60 wt %. Meanwhile, the phase structure images showed that with the increasing content of the TCET copolymer in the ternary blends, the size of the phase domains decreases and the phase domains further diminish at 60 wt % TCET. All these results proved the compatibilizing effect of TCET copolymer on the PC/PET blends in their ternary mixture. The mechanism of the compatibilizing effect is directly related to the reduction of the interfacial tension between PC-rich and PET-rich phase domains in the presence of increasing amounts of TCET copolymer in the ternary blends. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2960–2972, 1999     

Polymer–polymer interactions via analog calorimetry. 2. Blends of polystyrene with bisphenol-A polycarbonate and tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate

Analog calorimetry is used as a tool to study the interaction of polystyrene, PS, with bisphenol-A polycarbonate, PC, and with tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate, TMPC. Electrostatic charge calculations were used as a guide to divide polymer repeat units and analogs into groups. A mean-field binary interaction model was used to evaluate group interaction energies. The enthalpic interaction energy obtained from this study for the PS-PC pair is 0.41 ± 0.13 cal/cm³ while that for the PS-TMPC pair is 0.19 ± 0.34 cal/cm³. The result for PS-PC blends is in good agreement with values obtained from studies using the critical molecular weight approach and the phase behavior of copolymer blends. The value for PS-TMPC does not correctly predict the phase behavior of this blend; however, its standard deviation (on both an absolute and relative basis) is large and the range of possible interaction energies includes the negative values obtained from neutron scattering. The results of this study indicate that the presence of methyl groups on the aromatic ring of TMPC repeat unit is the main factor favoring the miscibility of PS-TMPC blends. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

聚环氧乙烷/脂肪族聚碳酸酯共混研究

本文用差热分析(DSC)和红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究了聚环氧乙烷(PEO)和新型聚合物脂肪族聚碳酸酯(PPC)共混热行为和大分子间相互作用。熔点下降方法给出 PEO/PPC 混合体系在320K 下相互作用参数为-0.46,FTIR 谱表明 PPC 大分子链和 PEO 大分子链存在较强的相互作用;PEO/PPC 共混形态随 PPC 含量增加发生了较大变化.     

不同链结构的双酚A聚碳酸酯对脂肪族聚碳酸酯结晶行为的影响

脂肪族聚碳酸酯(APC)是一类可降解的高分子材料,因其生产工艺可固定温室气体的主要成分二氧化碳,这种可降解塑料得到了越来越多的关注.作为半结晶高分子材料,脂肪族聚碳酸酯的结晶性能和结晶结构对成型加工、力学性能和降解性能具有重要的影响.借助热分析(示差扫描量热仪DSC)和形态学观察(偏光显微镜POM)两种方法研究了不同链结构的双酚A型聚碳酸酯对半结晶脂肪族聚碳酸酯——聚碳酸1,4-丁二醇酯结晶动力学行为的影响.实验发现质量分数1%的双酚A聚碳酸酯的加入促进了聚碳酸1,4-丁二醇酯的成核,但不同链结构的双酚A聚碳酸酯对其晶体生长具有相反的作用,线形双酚A聚碳酸酯(PC-L)能够促进晶体生长,而支化双酚A聚碳酸酯(PC-B)则抑制晶体生长.用原子力显微镜在轻敲模式下研究了两种双酚A聚碳酸酯与APC共混物熔融状态下的相结构,发现熔体结构的不同是导致两种共混物与纯的APC相比,结晶速率呈现相反变化趋势的主要原因.     

含1,2-亚乙基单元的双酚A聚碳酸酯非光气法合成和表征

以双酚A(BPA),碳酸乙二酯(EC)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)为原料,制备双酚A二元醇(Ⅰ)和双酚A碳酸酯(Ⅱ),并用红外光谱与核磁共振波谱对其结构进行表征.通过Ⅰ与Ⅱ的共缩聚反应及Ⅱ的自聚实现了主链中含有—CH2CH2—单元的双酚A型聚碳酸酯(PC)的非光气法合成,用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)和TGA-DSC对PC的分子量和热性质进行分析.结果表明,Ⅱ在240℃自聚6h后产物的Mn可达17.6×103,主链中—CH2CH2—单元的引入,可以降低聚合物的Tg,提高其结晶性,所得聚合物具有良好的热稳定性.     

Miscibility of bisphenol-A polycarbonate with poly(methyl methacrylate)

The miscibility of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been reexamined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical indications for phase separation on heating, i.e., lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. Various methods have been used to prepare the blends including methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution casting, melt mixing, and precipitation of PC and PMMA simultaneously from THF solution by using the nonsolvents methanol and heptane. It is shown that the resulting phase behavior for PC/PMMA blends is strongly affected by the blend preparation method. However, these blends are miscible over the whole blend composition range (unambiguous single composition-dependent T_g's and LCST behavior) when prepared by precipitation from solution using heptane as the nonsolvent. To the contrary, solution-cast and melt-mixed PC/PMMA blends were all phase separated, which may be attributed to the “solvent” effect and LCST behavior, respectively, not discovered in previous reports. Methanol precipitation does not lead to fully mixed blends, which demonstrates the importance of the choice of nonsolvent when using the precipitation method.     

Compatibility and thermodynamic interaction in random copolymer blends

Some random copolymer blends have been found to be miscible in a certain range of copolymer composition even though any combinations of their corresponding homopolymers are not miscible. The opposite case may exist. These two types of miscibility behaviors have been called miscibility and immiscibility windows, respectively. Such two miscibility behaviors were discussed by application of the equation-of-state theory to copolymer systems. The equation-of-state theory gives two kinds of temperature dependences of the interaction parameter X: (a) a U-shaped curve which is always positive regardless of temperature and (b) a function increasing monotonically from negative to positive values. Infinite molecular weight polymer blends are immiscible over all the temperature in the case (a), while in the case (b) two polymers are miscible below a temperature at which X=0. Applying the equation-of-state theory to random copolymer blends in which miscibility changes with the copolymer composition at a certain temperature to be immiscible → miscible → immiscible, two types of dependences of the temperature-X curve can be obtained: (1) (a) → (b) → (a) dependent on the copolymer composition and (2) (b) regardless of the copolymer composition. For the blends in which miscibility changes with the copolymer composition to be miscible → immiscible → miscible, there can be two types: (3) (b) → (a) → (b) and (4) (b) regardless of the copolymer composition. It may be concluded that socalled miscibility and immiscibility windows should be defined by the types (1) and (3), respectively. The equation-of-state theory for random copolymer systems was applied to the real systems. The blends of poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl chloride) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) were of the type (1), while it was suggested that the blends of poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl chloride) and poly(isobutyl methacrylate-co- butyl methacrylate) may be of the type (4) though this system behaved like an immiscibility window at a certain temperature.     

Miscibility of cellulose acetate with vinyl polymers

Binary blend films of cellulose acetate (CA) with flexible syntheticpolymers including poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP),and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) [P(VP-co-VAc)] were preparedfrommixed polymer solutions by solvent evaporation. Thermal analysis by DSC showedthat CA of any degree of substitution (DS) was not miscible with PVAc, but CAwith DS less than 2.8 was miscible with PVP to form homogeneous blends. Thestate of mixing in CA/P(VP-co-VAc) blends was affected not only by the DS of CAbut also by the VP/VAc copolymer composition. As far as CAs of DS<2.8 andP(VP-co-VAc)s with VP contents more than ca. 25 mol% were used,theCA/copolymer blends mostly showed a miscible behaviour irrespective of themixing ratio. FT-IR measurements for the miscible blends of CA/PVP andCA/P(VP-co-VAc) revealed the presence of hydrogen-bonding interactions betweenresidual hydroxyls of CA and carbonyls of N-vinyl pyrrolidone units, which maybe assumed to largely contribute to the good miscibility.     

Miscibility of tetramethyl-hexafluoro copolycarbonates with styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers

The compositions for which blends of copolycarbonates of tetramethyl bisphenol-A and hexafluoro bisphenol-A (TMPC-HFPC) with styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers (SMMA) are miscible were determined experimentally. These copolymer compsition boundaries were compared to predictions based on the Flory-Huggins theory combined with the binary interaction model. The theoretical predictions employed interaction energies from the literature for the TMPC/PS, PS/PMMA, and TMPC/PMMA pairs, and values for the TMPC/HFPC, HFPC/PS, and HFPC/PMMA pairs were established or verified using independent experiments. The recommended set of interaction energies predicts that miscibility occurs in two separate regions of copolymer compositions. These predictions agree well with the experimental observations. The theoretical requirements for a single, continuous miscible region versus two disjointed miscible regions when the two limiting homopolymer pairs exhibit miscibility, that is, TMPC-PS and HFPC-PMMA in this example, are described. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.