薄层循环伏安法研究硝基苯/水界面上离子诱导的电子转移反应

应用薄层循环伏安法研究了硝基苯/水两相界面间,且有共同离子四丁基铵TBA+存在于两相中,在有机相中的四氰化二甲基苯醌(TCNQ)与水相中的K4Fe(CN)6之间发生的反向电子转移反应。在直径为0.64cm的裂解石墨电极上用2μL硝基苯溶液使之自然扩散在电极表面形成薄层的有机相,并以此作为工作电极。对电极为铂丝(0.5mm),参比电极为Ag/AgCl电极,均置于总体积为2mL的水相中。由于共同离子TBA+的诱导,在硝基苯/水界面间,在已氧化的TCNQ+阳离子(在有机相中)与[Fe(CN)6]4-阴离子(在水相中)之间发生了反向电子转移反应。试验证明:在一定条件下,通过改变两相中共同离子的浓度,可使一些不能发生的两相界面的电子转移反应得以发生;这类电子转移反应系受界面电位差所控制。此外,还测得了在恒定的共同离子浓度比值的条件下,此两相界面电子转移反应的表观速率常数(k)为0.135cm.s-1.mol-1。     

α-羟乙基过氧自由基的自身衰变及其与槲皮素和邻苯二酚反应的脉冲辐解动力学研究

脂质过氧化反应是人体内很多病理现象的原因 ,而槲皮素是一种很强的过氧化反应抑制剂 .本文选择α-羟乙基过氧自由基作为脂质过氧自由基的模拟物 ,研究了其与槲皮素和邻苯二酚的反应动力学 .首次得到纯乙醇体系中 α-羟乙基自由基的一级和二级自身衰变速率常数分别为 (4 0 .4± 2 .6) s- 1和 (6.9± 0 .9)×1 0 8mol- 1·L· s- 1 .用脉冲辐解方法得到槲皮素与 α-羟乙基过氧自由基反应的速率常数为 (2 .1± 0 .3 )× 1 0 7mol- 1·L· s- 1 .同时选择邻苯二酚作为多酚化合物的模型化合物 ,用脉冲辐解法研究了其与 α-羟乙基过氧自由基的反应 .得到邻苯二酚与α-羟乙基过氧自由基反应的速率常数为 (3 .1± 0 .1 )× 1 0 5mol- 1 · L· s     

355 nm光诱发的水体中HNO2与C6H5Br交叉反应机理

利用激光闪光光解技术研究了有氧、无氧条件下HNO2-C6H5Br-H2O体系的光化学反应. 研究结果表明, HNO2与C6H5Br的光化学反应由HNO2光解产生·OH自由基引发, ·OH与C6H5Br反应生成C6H5Br…OH, 反应速率常数为(8.1±0.7)×109 L·mol-1·s-1. C6H5Br…OH可被HNO2或O2氧化. C6H5Br…OH 与HNO2的二级反应速率常数为(3.0±0.5)×107 L·mol-1·s-1, 比C6H5Br…OH与O2的反应速率常数(4.0±0.6)×108 L·mol-1·s-1小, C6H5Br…OH与O2生成的C6H5Br…OHO2以(2.4±0.1)×104 s-1 的速率单分子衰减. 气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析表明, C6H5Br…OH 与HNO2或O2作用可形成多种含硝基的化合物或醌类物质.     

二(氢过碘酸)合银(III)配离子氧化愈创甘油醚的反应动力学及机理

在碱性介质中, 用传统的分光光度法研究了Ag(III)配离子, 即[Ag(HIO6)2]5-, 氧化药物分子愈创甘油醚的动力学及其机理. 用质谱鉴定了氧化产物；反应对Ag(III) 和愈创甘油醚均为一级；在温度25.0-40.0 ℃范围内, 通过分析[OH-]和[IO-4]tot对反应速率的影响, 二级速率常数有以下表达式：k′=(ka+kb[OH-])K1/{f([OH-])[IO-4]tot+K1}, 在25.0 ℃及离子强度0.30 mol·L-1时, 对此反应有ka=(2.6±1.2)×10-2 mol-1·L·s-1, kb=(2.8±0.1) mol-2·L2·s-1, 及K1=(4.1±0.4)×10-4 mol·L-1, 求出了涉及ka, kb的活化参数, 并据此推出反应机理为反应体系中的[Ag(HIO6)2]5-配离子在前期平衡后, 反应活性中心与药物分子形成Ag(III)-过碘酸-愈创甘油醚分子三元配合物, 配位甘油醚分子通过两个平行途径将两电子传递给中心原子Ag：一个途径无OH-离子参与, 另一途径有OH-参与完成.     

维生素K3的激发三重态与色氨酸、酪氨酸电子转移氧化反应的激光闪光光解研究

利用时间分辨的激光闪光光解技术研究了乙腈-水混合溶液(1:1,V/V)中2-甲基萘醌(通常称为维生素K3)的激发三重态对色氨酸、酪氨酸的光敏氧化机理.通过瞬态吸收光谱的变化可以推断维生素K3的激发三重态可以与色氨酸、酪氨酸发生电子转移反应,反应形成的维生素K3阴离子自由基的吸收峰可以直接从瞬态吸收谱图中观察到.维生素K3与色氨酸、酪氨酸的电子转移反应的速率分别为1.1×109和0.6×109L·mol-1·s-1.吉布斯自由能(ΔG)的计算结果表明维生素K3的激发三重态与色氨酸、酪氨酸电子转移反应在热力学上是可行的.     

十烷基硫酸钠-全氟辛酸钠混合表面活性剂在四氯乙烯-水界面上的吸附及胶团形成

测定了在30℃、总离子强度为0.1m时不同比例混合的十烷基硫酸钠(C₁₀SN_a)-全氟辛酸钠(7CFNa)在四氯乙烯-水界面的界面张力,研究混合溶液的界面性质及胶团形成,结果表明:(1)7CFNa与C₁₀SNa在混合溶液中,基本上各自独立形成胶团;(2)混合表面活性剂在四氯乙烯-水界面上的吸附与在正庚烷-水界面上吸附规律相同;(3)测定C₁₀SNa、7CFNa在不同油-水界面上的界面张力,证实碳氟链与碳氯链之间具有“互憎性”。     

C60-地塞米松的激光激发

利用激光光解装置检测了C60-地塞米松(C60-DE)的苯溶液在355 nm激光照射下产生的激发三重态, 3C60-DE*出现四个吸收峰, 分别位于700、440、350 和310 nm. 在330 nm处观察到了它的漂白吸收最大值, 这与其基态吸收最大值相对应. 3C60-DE*能够将能量转移给O2分子而淬灭. 与3C60*相比, 3C60-DE*的三重态鄄三重态(T-T)淬灭速率常数减小(3C60*为(5.03±1.31)×109 L·mol-1·s-1, 3C60-DE*为(3.53±0.87)×109 L·mol-1·s-1), 而寿命增加了(3C60*为(12.0±2.6) μs, 3C60-DE*为(18.0±3.3) μs), 这可能是C60分子上连接了地塞米松分子后减小了C60球之间碰撞的几率所致.     

盐酸氯丙嗪-卤代荧光素体系的光度法测定

在NaAc HCl缓冲介质中,盐酸氯丙嗪可与曙红Y、赤藓红、乙基署红等卤代荧光素染料反应,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显改变,可用光度法测定。盐酸氯丙嗪的浓度在0～1.6×10-5mol·L-1(曙红Y)、0～1.3×10-5mol·L-1(赤鲜红)、0～1.5×10-5mol·L-1(乙基曙红)范围内遵守比耳定律,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为4.63×104L·mol-1·cm-1、2.50×104L·mol-1·cm-1、为4.32×104L·mol-1·cm-1。方法用于片剂和针剂中盐酸氯丙嗪的测定,结果满意。     

水溶苯胺蓝褪色光度法测定庆大霉素及妥布霉素的研究

在酸性条件下,水溶苯胺蓝(ABWS)与硫酸庆大霉素(GEN)或硫酸妥布霉素(TOB)反应,生成离子缔合物,使水溶苯胺蓝溶液褪色,其最大褪色波长分别位于606nm(GEN)和608nm(TOB);在0～1.2×10-5mol·L-1(GEN)和0～1.5×10-5mol·L-1(TOB)的浓度范围内遵从比耳定律;表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为2.21×104L·mol-1·cm-1(GEN)和3.10×104(TOB)L·mol-1·cm-1。本法已用于市售药物及人体尿液中庆大霉素及妥布霉素含量的测定,结果满意。     

Antitumor mechanism of VP-16: A pulse radiolysis study

The antitumor mechanism of etoposide (VP-16) is investigated using pulse radiolysis technology. The oxidizing mechanism of VP-16 is studied by sodium persulfate, and the reaction rate constant is 4.04× 109 L· mol-1 · s-1. The electron-transfer between VP-16 and tyrosine is observed and the reaction rate constant is 1.1 - 108 L · mol-1· s-1.     

Room temperature and shock tube study of the reaction HCO+O2 using the photolysis of glyoxal as an efficient HCO source

The rate of the reaction 1, HCO+O2-->HO2+CO, has been determined (i) at room temperature using a slow flow reactor setup (20 mbarH2+HCO+CO, into additional HCO radicals. The rate constants of reaction 4 were determined from unperturbed photolysis experiments to be k4(295 K)=(3.6+/-0.3)x10(10) cm3 mol-1 s-1 and k4(769-1107 K)=5.4x10(13)exp(-18 kJ mol-1/RT) cm3 mol-1 s-1(Delta log k4=+/-0.12).     

DPPZ-铜(Ⅱ)-L-氨基酸配合物的电化学性质及SOD活性

应用NBT-光照法研究了配合物[Cu(DPPZ)(L-Val)(H2O)]ClO4.2H2O(1),[Cu(DPPZ)(L-Ile)]ClO4(2),[Cu(DPPZ)(L-Tyr)(H2O)]ClO4.1.5H2O(3)(DPPZ=二吡啶并[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]吩嗪,L-Val=L-缬氨酸,L-Ile=L-异亮氨酸,L-Tyr=L-酪氨酸)在水溶液中的SOD活性,并用循环伏安法研究了配合物的电化学性质.结果表明,三种配合物均具有良好的SOD活性,表观催化速率常数分别为2.27×107,1.46×107和1.23×107mol-1.L.s-1.     

瞬态吸收光谱研究水相中三苯基锡与•OH自由基反应机理

利用激光闪光光解技术进行了有氧、无氧条件下氯化三苯基锡与亚硝酸水溶液的紫外光解反应研究。研究表明,•OH和三苯基锡阳离子(Sn(C6H5)3+)反应生成了瞬态粒子Sn(C6H5)3+-OH,其二级反应速率常数为(7.9±1.2)×109 L mol-1 s-1。在N2饱和条件下,Sn(C6H5)3+-OH以单分子方式衰减,其衰减速率常数为(1.15±0.15)×105 s-1;在O2饱和条件下,表观一级衰减常数增加为(1.87±0.25)×105 s-1,这是由于Sn(C6H5)3+-OH能够与O2发生作用生成Sn(C6H5)3+-OHO2,其二级反应速率常数为(6.0±2.9) ×107 L mol-1 s-1。     

N-羟乙基-1,8-萘二酰亚胺探针与核苷间电子转移的激光闪光光解研究

核酸与核酸前体参与的电子转移(ET)作用能够直接或间接导致核酸主链和碱基侧链的断裂,因此对核酸碱基光动态损害机理的深入研究具有重要的理论和实际意义．其中,核酸荧光探针逐渐成为研究生物分子的主要技术之一,借助于时间分辨的瞬态吸收光谱技术,检测荧光探针激发态物种及其与核酸之间发生电子转移作用而产生的活性中间体,能够深入了解光断裂反应的最初步骤,揭示核酸断裂电子转移反应的微观机理．     

诺氟沙星-铜（Ⅱ）-邻菲咯啉配合物的SOD活性及电化学性能

应用氯化硝基四氮唑蓝（NBT）-光照法研究了配合物[Cu（NFA）（phen）（H2O）]（ClO4）2（1）和[Cu（NFA）（5-NO2-phen）（H2O）]（ClO4）2（2）[NFA=1-乙基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-7-（1-哌嗪基）-3-喹啉羧酸（诺氟沙星）;phen=1,10-菲咯啉;5-NO2-phen=5-硝基-1,10-菲咯啉]在水溶液中的SOD活性,并用循环伏安法研究了配合物的电化学性质.结果表明：配合物（1）和（2）均具有良好的SOD活性,表观催化速率常数分别为6.32×10^7和5.12×10^7L·mol-1·s-1.     

Ozone reduction at Nafion modified Au electrode and the measurement of ozone concentration in highly resistive solutions

The mass transport and charge transfer kinetics of ozone reduction at Nafion coated Au electrodes were studied in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and highly resistive solutions such as distilled water and tap water. The diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient of ozone in Nafion coating are 1.78×10-6 cm2·s-1 and 2.75 at 25℃ (based on dry state thickness), respectively. The heterogeneous rate constants and Tafel slopes for ozone reduction at bare Au are 4.1×10-6 cm·s-1, 1.0×10-6 cm·s-1 and 181 mV, 207 mV in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and distilled water respectively and the corresponding values for Nafion coated Au are 5.5×10-6 cm·s-1, 1.1×10-6 cm·s-1 and 182 mV, 168 mV respectively. The Au microelectrode with 3 μm Nafion coating shows good linearity over the range 0-10 mmol/L ozone in distilled water with sensitivity 61 μA·ppm-1 ·cm-2, detection limit 10 ppb and 95% response time below 5 s at 25℃. The temperature coefficient in range of 11-30℃ is 1.3%.     

Electrocatalysis Oxidation of GMP Based on Layered Double Hydroxide Functionalized with Anionic Surfactant and Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

The electrocatalysis oxidation of guanosine‐5′‐monophosphate (GMP) was investigated on Mg‐Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) functionalized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) modified glass carbon electrode (GCE). The cyclic voltammogram of GMP on the modified electrode (RTIL/ LDH‐SDS/GCE) exhibited a well defined anodic peak at 1.091 V in 0.2 mol·L^?1 pH 4.4 acetate buffer solution. The GMP oxidation was enhanced in the presence of anionic surfactant in the ?lms. The results suggest that the surfactant molecules intercalate the LDH layers to preconcentrate GMP molecules and the RTIL showed good ionic conductivity. The experimental parameters were optimized, the kinetic parameters were investigated and the probable oxidation mechanism was proposed. Under the optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current was proportional to GMP concentration in the range from 5.0×10^?7 to 1.0×10^?4 mol·L^?1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9987 and the detection limit was 1.0×10^?7 mol·L^?1. The RTIL/LDH‐SDS/GCE showed a good electrochemical response to the oxidation of GMP and would be developed into a new biosensor.     

Kinetics of manganese(III) acetate in acetic acid: generation of Mn(III) with Co(III), Ce(IV), and dibromide radicals; reactions of Mn(III) with Mn(II), Co(II), hydrogen bromide,and alkali bromides

The reaction of cobalt(III) acetate with excess manganese(II) acetate in acetic acid occurs in two stages, since the two forms Co(IIIc) and Co(IIIs) are not rapidly equilibrated and thus react independently. The rate constants at 24.5 degrees C are kc = 37.1 +/- 0.6 L mol-1 s-1 and ks = 6.8 +/- 0.2 L mol-1 s-1 at 24.5 degrees C in glacial acetic acid. The Mn(III) produced forms a dinuclear complex with the excess of Mn(II). This was studied independently and is characterized by the rate constant (3.43 +/- 0.01) x 10(2) L mol-1 s-1 at 24.5 degrees C. A similar interaction between Mn(III) and Co(II) is substantially slower, with k = (3.73 +/- 0.05) x 10(-1) L mol-1 s-1 at 24.5 degrees C. Mn(II) is also oxidized by Ce(IV), according to the rate law -d[Ce(IV)]/dt = k[Mn(II)]2[Ce(IV)], where k = (6.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(4) L2 mol-2 s-1. The reaction between Mn(II) and HBr2., believed to be involved in the mechanism by which Mn(III) oxidizes HBr, was studied by laser photolysis; the rate constant is (1.48 +/- 0.04) x 10(8) L mol-1 s-1 at approximately 23 degrees C in HOAc. Oxidation of Co(II) by HBr2. has the rate constant (3.0 +/- 0.1) x 10(7) L mol-1 s-1. The oxidation of HBr by Mn(III) is second order with respect to [HBr]; k = (4.10 +/- 0.08) x 10(5) L2 mol-2 s-1 at 4.5 degrees C in 10% aqueous HOAc. Similar reactions with alkali metal bromides were studied; their rate constants are 17-23 times smaller. This noncomplementary reaction is believed to follow that rate law so that HBr2. and not Br. (higher in Gibbs energy by 0.3 V) can serve as the intermediate. The analysis of the reaction steps then requires that the oxidation of HBr2. to Br2 by Mn(III) be diffusion controlled, which is consistent with the driving force and seemingly minor reorganization.     

Ideal gas solubilities and solubility selectivities in a binary mixture of room-temperature ionic liquids

This study focuses on the solubility behaviors of CO2, CH4, and N2 gases in binary mixtures of imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2mim][Tf2N]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C2mim][BF4]) at 40 degrees C and low pressures (approximately 1 atm). The mixtures tested were 0, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95, and 100 mol % [C2mim][BF4] in [C2mim][Tf2N]. Results show that regular solution theory (RST) can be used to describe the gas solubility and selectivity behaviors in RTIL mixtures using an average mixture solubility parameter or an average measured mixture molar volume. Interestingly, the solubility selectivity, defined as the ratio of gas mole fractions in the RTIL mixture, of CO2 with N2 or CH4 in pure [C2mim][BF4] can be enhanced by adding 5 mol % [C2mim][Tf2N].     

Study of complex formation between dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 and UO2 2+ cation in some binary mixed non-aqueous solvents using conductometric method

In the present work, the complexation process between UO₂ ²⁺ cation and the macrocyclic ligand, dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) was studied in ethyl acetate/1,2-dichloroethane (EtOAc/DCE), acetonitrile/1,2-dichloroethane (AN/DCE), methanol/1,2-dichloroethane (MeOH/DCE) and ethanol/1,2-dichloroethane (EtOH/DCE) binary solutions at different temperatures using the conductometric method. The conductance data show that in most cases, the stoichiometry of the complex formed between DCH18C6 and UO₂ ²⁺ cation is 1:1 [M:L], but in some solvent systems also a 1:2 [M:L₂] complex is formed in solutions. The values of stability constant of (DCH18C6·UO₂)²⁺ complex which were obtained from conductometric data, show that the stability of the complex is affected by the nature and also the composition of the solvent system and in all cases, a non-linear behavior is observed for the variation of (log?K _f) of the (DCH18C6·UO₂)²⁺ complex versus the composition of the binary mixed solvents. The values of thermodynamic quantities $ \Updelta H_{c}^{\circ} $ and $ \Updelta S_{c}^{\circ} $ for formation of (DCH18C6·UO₂)²⁺ complex were obtained from temperature dependence of the stability constant using the van’t Hoff plots. The experimental results show that depending on the nature and composition of the solvent systems, the complex is enthalpy stabilized or destabilized, but in most cases, it is stabilized from entropy view point and both thermodynamic parameters are affected by the nature and composition of the binary mixed solutions.