亲和膜用于去除医药及人血清白蛋白溶液中的内毒素(英文)

 以纤维素膜为基质材料 ,制备了 3种用于去除内毒素的亲和膜 ,分别为壳聚糖亲和膜 (KFCC5 17) ,疏水阳离子亲和膜 (KFCG316 )和金属螯合物亲和膜 (KFCG40 2 )。研究了亲和膜对内毒素的吸附容量及在内毒素去除方面的应用 ,结果表明这 3种亲和膜都可以用于多种溶液中内毒素的去除。考察了离子强度、pH值以及流速对去除效果的影响 ,并分析了原因。KFCC5 17,KFCG316 ,KFCG40 2都可用于人血清白蛋白溶液中内毒素的去除 ,KFCC5 17还可用于医药制剂如氢化可的松、葛根素、盐酸丁卡因和右旋糖苷 40葡萄糖注射液中内毒素的去除。     

聚酰胺亲和膜色谱用于去除内毒素的研究：Ⅱ.去除条件最佳化和应用

考察了所制备的带组氨酸配基的尼龙６６亲和膜在不同离子强度、ｐＨ值的盐溶液中及不同温度和流速下对内毒素的去除效果，并对这种亲和介质与内毒素的相互作用机理进行了研究。结果表明：在盐溶液离子强底低于０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ｐＨ值３￣８的范围及温度低于５０℃、流速小于５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ下，可获得最佳去除效果。在选择的最佳条件下能有效去除牛清白蛋白、氨基酸注射液、人血样等中的内毒素。去除率大部分在９０％以上，并能保留     

聚酰胺亲和膜色谱用于去除内毒素的研究Ⅱ去除条件最佳化和应用

考察了所制备的带组氨酸配基的尼龙６６亲和膜在不同离子强度、ｐＨ值的盐溶液中及不同温度和流速下对内毒素的去除效果，并对这种亲和介质与内毒素的相互作用机理进行了研究。结果表明：在盐溶液离子强底低于０２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ｐＨ值３～８的范围及温度低于５０℃、流速小于５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ下，可获得最佳去除效果。在选择的最佳条件下能有效去除牛血清白蛋白、氨基酸注射液、人血样等中的内毒素。去除率大部分在９０％以上，并能保留住这些样品溶液中绝大多数有效组分，回收率一般都高于８０％。     

新型亲和膜色谱用于去除胆红素的研究

 以纤维素膜为亲和基质 ,接枝后分别以聚赖氨酸和季铵盐为配基 ,制备了两种亲和膜介质 ,用于去除磷酸缓冲液 (pH 7 4)及人血白蛋白 (HSA)溶液中的胆红素。实验结果表明 ,该方法对磷酸缓冲液中胆红素的去除率能达到 70 %以上 ;对HSA溶液中的胆红素 ,其去除率稍低 ,但在较低浓度的HSA溶液中 ,也能获得高于 5 0 %的去除率。并对亲和膜与胆红素间的亲和作用进行了研究 ,考察了温度、流速、HSA浓度及胆红素初始浓度等相关条件对去除效果的影响。结果表明 ,在较高的温度条件下 ,去除效果较佳 ;在较高的初始浓度情况下 ,胆红素的吸附速率较大。     

聚酰胺亲和膜用于去除内毒素的研究 Ⅰ亲和膜的制备和特征

以尼龙６６膜为基质，用环氧氯丙烷、戊二醛、二溴丙烷、羰基二咪唑试剂对用盐酸水解后的尼龙６６膜进行活化，共价键合上乙二胺、己二胺等不同长度的间隔臂和组氨酸、粘多菌素Ｂ等亲和配基，配基含量达３０μｍｏｌ／ｇ以上。亲和膜装入专门设计制造的膜分离器中，能有效地去除水溶液中的内毒素，去除率一般在９０％以上。该膜对内毒素的亲和容量为０２ｍｇ／ｇ，表观脱附常数为３０４×１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，亲和膜可用碱、脱氧胆酸钠、盐、无热原水进行洗涤再生。     

柱亲和介质用于内毒素去除的研究

以琼脂糖凝胶为基质,采用不同方法活化后,键合多粘菌素B配基,制备了3种用于内毒素去除的亲和介质。亲和介质的配基键合量及对内毒素的去除率随间隔臂长度的增加而增加。考察了盐浓度、pH、温度及流速对亲和介质3去除内毒素的影响。结果表明,亲和介质3在NaC l浓度为0.05~0.5 mol/L,pH为6~10,温度为25~55℃,流速为0.20~0.80 mL/m in范围内对内毒素去除效果最佳,去除率大于90%。     

去除内毒素的柱亲和介质与膜亲和介质的制备和特征

以琼脂糖和尼龙６６微孔滤膜为原料，发展了两种用于去 内毒素的不同类型的亲和介质。在对原料进行化学改性后，键合了含六个碳原子的间隔臂和组氨酸亲和配基。它们对内毒素的亲和容量分别为２．０ｍｇ／ｇ和０．２ｍｇ／ｇ，内毒素和介质之间的表观解离常数分别为８．１＊１０＾－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和３．０＊１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

金属螯合亲和膜吸附分离与纯化溶菌酶的研究（Ⅱ）——不同金 …

采用低温氧或氨等离子体法改性聚丙烯微孔膜，基于等离子体改性膜的活化，偶联及螯合过程的机理，制备了Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋等金属离子螯合亲和膜，并用于溶菌酶的吸－脱附实验。两种膜的重复吸－脱附性能相近，而Ｆｅ＾３＋螯合亲和膜基本上不能用于重复吸－脱附实验，采用补充金属螯合离子，能部分恢复亲和膜对溶菌酶的吸附量，是实现亲和膜重复使用的有效方法。     

蛋白A高效亲和膜色谱法测定人血浆中免疫球蛋白G的含量

 研究了蛋白Ａ高效亲和膜色谱对水溶液及人血浆中人免疫球蛋白Ｇ（ＨＩｇＧ）的特异性吸附和定量测定。方法具有较高的精确度和较好的重复性：ＨＩｇＧ标样５次重复进样的相对标准偏差为１．５％，人血浆样品３次重复进样的相对标准偏差为３．６％；所测得的定量标定曲线的线性相关系数达到０．９９９３；不含己二胺间隔臂的亲和介质的非特异性吸附极低，基本检测不出来。快速实验中，一次分析可在０．５ｍｉｎ内完成。实验表明，利用所建立的方法对人血浆中的ＨＩｇＧ进行定量测定可以得到较为满意的结果。     

MBR对污水中肠道模型病毒的去除效应

采用重力出流式膜生物反应器(MBR)对生活污水进行处理, 选择两种孔径的微滤膜考察其对污水中T4和f 2两种模型病毒的去除情况. 清水试验结果表明, 两种膜孔径组件对T4和 f 2病毒的实际截留率远大于理论截留率; 两种膜组件对T4病毒的截留均高于f 2病毒. 在MBR稳定运行状况下, 两种不同孔径的膜组件对同一病毒的截留效果无显著差别: 孔径为0.1 mm的聚丙烯(PP)和孔径为0.22 mm的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)对T4去除率均大于5.5 lg; 对f 2的去除率大于3.0 lg. 其原因是膜表面的滤饼层、凝胶层在病毒的截留中起了重要的作用. 膜生物反应器对病毒的去除由膜的截留、污泥絮体的吸附和生物灭活等作用共同完成. 进一步的研究发现: 活性污泥系统对病毒去除率稳定在97％以上, 主要依靠生物灭活作用完成对病毒的去除.     

Removal of Endotoxin from Human Serum Albumin Solutions by Hydrophobic and Cationic Charged Membrane

Removal of end6toxin from medicine injection is very important, becauseendotoxin withpotential biological activity causes pyrogenic and shock reactions in' mammals-'on...intravenous injection even as law as "an6gram amounts. Endotoxin, a constituent ofpotential contaminant of physiological fluids and aqueous solutions 'and very stable atextreme temperature and PH values. For removing endotoxin from solutions ofbiomolecules, such as HSA, adsorption techniques are usedl.' Many methods forendot…     

Surface properties of Reactive Yellow 2 immobilised pHEMA and HEMA/chitosan membranes: characterisation of their selectivity to different proteins

Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), pHEMA, and a composite pHEMA/chitosan networks were synthesized in the membrane form via UV initiated photo-polymerisation in the presence of an initiator ,′-azoisobutyronitrile. Reactive Yellow 2 (RY-2) was covalently immobilised as a dye–ligand onto both membranes. The polarity and surface energy of the investigated membranes were determined by contact angle measurement. The incorporation of chitosan in the pHEMA networks produced more hydrophilic surface, as indicated by contact angle analysis. The binding characteristics of lysozyme, γ-globulins, human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to pHEMA-RY-2 and pHEMA/chitosan-RY-2 affinity membranes have been investigated from aqueous solution and their dye–ligand free forms were used as control systems. When chitosan was incorporated in the pHEMA network as a cationic polymer led to higher adsorption capacity for the lysozyme. Selective adsorption behaviour was also observed in the case of pHEMA/chitosan-RY-2 membrane for the lysozyme. The non-specific adsorptions of the lysozyme on the pHEMA and pHEMA/chitosan membranes were about 1.9 and 7.2 mg/ml, respectively. These were negligible for all others investigated proteins. The lysozyme adsorption data was analysed using the first-order and the second-order models. The first-order equation in both affinity membrane systems is the most appropriate equation to predict the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms well fitted the combined Langmuir–Freundlich model. A theoretical analysis has been conducted to estimate the thermodynamic contributions (changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy) for the adsorption of lysozyme to both dye–ligand immobilised membranes. The adsorption capacities of both dye–ligand immobilised membranes increased with increasing the temperature while decreased with increasing the NaCl concentration. Both affinity membranes are stable when subjected to sanitization with sodium hydroxide after repeated separation–elution cycles.     

Chitosan/anionic surfactant complex membranes for the pervaporation separation of methanol/MTBE and characterization of the polymer/surfactant system

For the separation of methanol/MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) mixtures, methanol selective chitosan composite membranes were prepared and tested for pervaporation experiments. When anionic surfactants are added into the cationic chitosan solution, the solution viscosity was drastically decreased due to the collapsed chain conformation. Pervaporation characteristics of surfactant modified chitosan membrane were substantially improved due to the decreased membrane thickness and possible enhanced affinity to methanol. Rheological data of the casting solution was measured using viscometer and the surface morphology of the surfactant complexed chitosan membrane was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM).     

Albumin separation with Cibacron Blue carrying macroporous chitosan and chitin affinity membranes

Cibacron Blue F3GA, Procion Red HE-3B and Procion Blue MX-R were immobilized on macroporous chitosan and chitin membranes with concentrations as high as 10–200 μmol/ml membrane. These dyed membranes were chemically and mechanically stable, could be reproducibly prepared, and operated at high flow rates. Human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were selected as model proteins, and their adsorption on and desorption from the dyed chitosan membranes investigated. The Cibacron Blue F3GA membranes had a higher protein adsorption capacity, much greater for HSA than BSA, than the other dyed membranes. About 8.4 mg HSA/ml membrane were adsorbed at saturation by Cibacron Blue F3GA–chitosan membranes from a 0.05 M Tris–HCl/0.05 M NaCl, pH 8 solution. The chitin membranes had a lower dye content and hence a lower protein adsorption capacity than the chitosan membranes. The effects of important operation parameters (flow rate, protein concentration and loading) were also investigated. Cibacron Blue F3GA–chitosan membranes were employed for the separation of HSA from human plasma and high purity HSA thus obtained. This suggests that these membranes could be used for large-scale plasma fractionation.     

Phenol removal from synthetic solution using low pressure membranes coated with graphene oxide and carbon

Phenol is considered to be a priority pollutant due to its toxicity and carcinogenic effect. Thus, innovative and effective methods have been developed to remove undesired phenol from wastewater. Membrane processes are one of the innovative and effective methods used for the removal of phenol from wastewater. In this study, we investigate the effect of carbon and graphene oxide (GO) coating on phenol removal efficiencies of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration membranes. Obtained results show the removal efficiencies of all membranes increase with rising pressure. Among all membranes, the carbon-coated nanofiltration membrane (NF90) showed the highest performance with a removal efficiency of 99% under a pressure of 6 bars. The physico-chemical properties of the coated and uncoated membranes were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and contact angle techniques (WCA).     

Adsorption of Cu(II) on porous chitosan membranes functionalized with histidine

The ability of chitosan to form complexes with bivalent metal ions has been broadly explored in the literature. The present work investigates the influence of functionalization of macroporous chitosan membranes with histidine on their ability to remove copper ions from aqueous solution in the range of pH 4–6. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) ion was 2.5 mmol metal/g pristine chitosan membranes. Under this condition, no influence of membrane porosity was observed. However, for membranes with immobilized histidine, the porosity was shown to be a factor that affects the maximum adsorption capacity, with values ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 mmol metal/g chitosan. These results indicate that the immobilization of histidine on porous chitosan membranes presents synergy with porosity in the ability to complex Cu(II) ions. This synergy may be negative or positive, depending on the initial membrane porosity.     

金属螯合亲和膜吸附分离与纯化溶菌酶的研究(Ⅱ)──不同金属螯合亲和膜对溶菌酶的吸附性能

采用低温氧或氨等离子体法改性聚丙烯微孔膜,基于等离子体改性膜的活化、偶联及螯合过程的机理,制备了Fe³⁺,Ni²⁺,Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺等金属离子螯合亲和膜,并用于溶菌酶的吸-脱附实验.实验结果表明,Ni²⁺和Cu²⁺离子螯合亲和膜对溶菌酶具有较高的吸附量,螯合过程中采用氯化物盐溶液制得的膜对溶菌酶吸附量比采用硫酸盐溶液制得的膜的吸附量高.两种膜的重复吸-脱附性能相近,而Fe³⁺螯合亲和膜基本上不能用于重复吸-脱附实验.采用补充金属螯合离子,能部分恢复亲和膜对溶菌酶的吸附量,是实现亲和膜重复使用的有效方法.     

Protein adsorption and platelet adhesion of polysulfone membrane immobilized with chitosan and heparin conjugate

Polysulfone (PSF) membranes were treated with ozone to introduce peroxides, and then grafted with either acrylic acid or chitosan, followed by the immobilization of heparin. The effect of spacer arm on blood compatibility was investigated using three chitosans of different molecular weight [1170 (water soluble), 160 000, and 400 000] and similar degrees of deacetylation (75%). The hydrophilicity was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of water. Blood compatibility was evaluated using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as well as the adhesion of platelets. The protein affinity was determined by the absorption of human serum albumin (HSA) and human plasma fibrinogen (HPF). The results show that by the coupling of chitosan, the amount of heparin immobilized can be increased by four times. Water contact angle (from 78 ° to 41 °) decreased with the increase of the amount of heparin immobilized, showing increased wettability. The heparinized PSF membrane showed longer APTT and decreasing platelet adhesion, compared to that of unmodified PSF membrane. The adsorption of HSA and HPF were reduced to 17 and 6%, respectively. This suggests that longer spacer binding to heparin can increase the opportunity of anti‐coagulation on contacting blood. These results demonstrated that the hydrophilicity and blood compatibility of PSF membrane could be improved by chitosan and heparin conjugate. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.