Gaussian mixture model-based gradient field reconstruction for infrared image detail enhancement and denoising

Infrared images are characterized by low signal-to-noise ratio and low contrast. Therefore, the edge details are easily immerged in the background and noise, making it much difficult to achieve infrared image edge detail enhancement and denoising. This article proposes a novel method of Gaussian mixture model-based gradient field reconstruction, which enhances image edge details while suppressing noise. First, by analyzing the gradient histogram of noisy infrared image, Gaussian mixture model is adopted to simulate the distribution of the gradient histogram, and divides the image information into three parts corresponding to faint details, noise and the edges of clear targets, respectively. Then, the piecewise function is constructed based on the characteristics of the image to increase gradients of faint details and suppress gradients of noise. Finally, anisotropic diffusion constraint is added while visualizing enhanced image from the transformed gradient field to further suppress noise. The experimental results show that the method possesses unique advantage of effectively enhancing infrared image edge details and suppressing noise as well, compared with the existing methods. In addition, it can be used to effectively enhance other types of images such as the visible and medical images.     

基于高斯混合概率假设滤波的水下目标跟踪算法

为了解决传统水下目标跟踪中目标数目估计不准确、状态估计误差增长过快的问题,提出了一种基于高斯混合概率假设滤波的水下目标跟踪算法。该算法基于双基地观测模型,采用高斯混合概率假设滤波算法处理方位和时延信息,利用粒子群算法处理多普勒频率获得矢量速度,进一步提升算法的跟踪精度。结果表明,该算法能完成在杂波环境下对目标的跟踪,相比传统的关联算法,能够有效地实现目标个数估计和抑制状态误差增长的目的。     

基于线性预测倒谱的被动声纳目标特征提取技术

从声纳员的角度出发，被动声纳目标可以被看作为一个发声体，利用线性预测倒谱从声纳目标噪声中分离出目标作为发声体的冲激响应在倒谱域中的表示，提取一组识别特征，设计神经网络分类器，对三类目标进行分类。实测数据验证了基于线性预测倒谱的被动声纳目标特征提取方法是可行的。     

水下目标亮点拓扑特征提取及自动识别方法

针对水下目标逆合成孔径声呐(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Sonar,ISAS)图像识别问题中观测角度随机多变,目标结构相互遮挡问题,提出一种基于多亮点拓扑矢量特征的ISAS水下目标识别方法。通过分析ISAS成像过程中散射点位置由三维空间向二维成像平面的投影关系,表明了横向定标后的声呐图像中强亮点之间的距离仅由目标散射结构之间的物理距离决定,据此基于强亮点之间的相互距离,构造能稳定描述不同观测角度下目标的拓扑矢量特征。然后通过K-means聚类获取多聚类中心以克服目标结构互相遮挡造成的亮点缺失问题。最终采用最近邻分类器实现目标识别。水池缩比模型实验表明,该方法对于水下目标的识别率达到84.0%。     

Tensor feature extraction of underwater passive sonar target based on auditory model

Feature extraction is a key step for underwater passive sonar target classification and recognition.A kind of tensor feature extraction method based on auditory PattersonHoldsworth cochlear model is proposed.First,the filter impulse response of the cochlear model is regarded as the basis function of signal decomposition,and the center frequency of different channels is determined according to the nonlinear scale or conventional linear scale of the auditory model.Then,the gain and bandwidth of th...     

水下无源声呐目标听觉域张量特征提取方法

特征提取是水下无源声呐目标分类识别的关键步骤,提出了一种基于听觉Patterson-Holdsworth耳蜗模型的听觉域张量特征提取方法。将耳蜗模型的滤波器冲激响应视为信号分解的基函数,根据听觉模型非线性尺度或常规线性尺度确定不同通道的中心频率,然后计算出相应通道的增益和带宽,并量化冲激响应的阶数和相位参数,得到信号分解基,再根据信号分解原理得到通道数×阶数×相位数的三阶张量特征,并通过计算测试样本张量特征与训练样本张量特征间的相似性实现了水下无源声呐目标的分类识别。海上实录无源声呐目标的分类识别实验表明,提取的张量特征具有比较好的分类识别性能,听觉模型等效矩形带宽尺度优于线性尺度划分中心频率,能够提高无源声呐的目标指示能力。     

粒子滤波理论、方法及其在多目标跟踪中的应用

在随机有限集理论框架下提出相应的检测前跟踪算法, 将多重信号分类(MUSIC)方法空间谱的自适应加权形式作为伪似然比函数研究了基于MUSIC的近似多伯努利滤波算法。并且针对算法对目标新生响应速度慢的问题, 提出了由量测驱动的目标新生模型。仿真实验验证了研究算法相比传统算法在低信噪比下有更好的跟踪性能, 更少的计算量, 且改进的新生模型能显著加快算法对新生目标的响应速度, 响应时间缩短了50% 以上。实验结果表明, 所提方法鲁棒性较强, 可以实现在低信噪比下对多目标的准确跟踪。

     

Bogoliubov angle and visualization of particle-hole mixture in superconductors

Superconducting excitations—Bogoliubov quasiparticles—are the quantum mechanical mixture of negatively charged electron (−e) and positively charged hole (+e). Depending on the applied voltage bias in scanning tunneling microscope (STM) one can sample the particle and hole content of such a superconducting excitation. Recent STM experiments offer a unique insight into the inner workings of the superconducting state of superconductors. We propose a new observable quantity for STM studies that is the manifestation of the particle-hole dualism of the quasiparticles. We call it a Bogoliubov angle. This angle measures the relative weight of particle and hole amplitude in the superconducting (Bogoliubov) quasiparticle. We propose that this quantity can be measured locally by comparing the ratio of tunneling currents at positive and negative biases locally. This Bogoliubov angle allows one to measure directly the energy and position dependent particle-hole admixture and therefore visualize robustness of superconducting state locally. It may also allow one to measure the particle-hole admixture of excitations in normal state above critical temperature and thus may be used to measure superconducting correlations in pseudogap state.     

基于高斯混合模型的语音带宽扩展算法的研究

为了降低高带谱失真,研究了带宽扩展算法中特征参数与高带谱包络的互信息和高带谱失真之间的函数关系,并在此基础上提出了一种扩展高斯混合模型带宽扩展算法。首先,算法选择与高带谱包络互信息大的参数构成特征矢量,并根据高斯混合模型计算特征矢量与高带谱包络的联合概率密度。其次,采用Expectation-Maximization(EM)算法估计高斯分量模型参数并计算后验概率。最后,通过后验概率估计高带谱包络。实验结果表明,与传统的高斯混合模型带宽扩展算法相比,本文算法可降低0.3 dB的高带平均谱失真,将谱失真大于10dB的语音帧减少了50%以上。     

基于混合高斯模型的运动目标检测方法研究

为了能够及时检测到图像场景中的运动目标,提出一种基于混合高斯模型的运动目标检测方法。借助把图像的像素值看成是前景高斯分布和背景高斯分布的组合,进行了背景估计和自适应背景更新;通过对背景差分后的图像进行多目标分割,进行了多个运动目标的检测。实验发现:随着图像序列的背景不断变化,基于混合高斯模型算法能够准确估计出变化的背景,通过将场景图像和背景图像进行差分,检测到感兴趣的运动目标。     

Speech wideband extension based on Gaussian mixture model

To decrease the spectral distortion of highband envelope, the function of spectral distortion and mutual information between feature vector and highband envelope was studied, and an extended Gaussian Mixture Model （GMM） bandwidth extension algorithm was proposed based on the research. The feature parameters which have larger mutual information with highband envelope were selected to constitute the feature vector, and the GMM was adopted to compute the joint probability density of the feature vector and highband envelope. Then the highband envelope was estimated via the posterior probabilities computed from the model parameters estimated by Expectation-Maximization （EM） algorithm. The experimental results show that the spectral distortion is lower than the algorithm, such as the traditional algorithm based on GMM, by 0.3 dB and the number of frames with spectral distortion over 10 dB sharply reduced over 50%.     

一种基于高斯混合模型的改进EM算法研究

针对传统EM算法存在估计参数不具有最优性,以及在参数估计中需要人工参与等问题,提出一种基于高斯混合模型的改进EM算法。采用无人工参与的无监督思想,获取高斯混合模型对直方图拟合的最优参数组合。实验表明,该算法不仅能够快速地估计模型参量,而且能够给出最优参数,并在图像增强中使细节更明显,对比度更适中。     

一种新的光谱特征提取方法

研究了天体光谱的特征提取问题,这是光谱自动处理中的一个关键环节.通过特征提取,不仅能够约简数据、减少冗余,而且亦能抑制噪声干扰,对识别系统的精度和效率均有重要影响.提出了一种基于空间转换和分解的特征分析模型(STP),基于此,可实现对常用光谱特征提取方法的分析,例如,无监督的主成分分析(PCA),小波变换(Wavele...     

基于可视化图形特征的入侵检测方法

入侵检测是保障网络安全的重要措施,网络攻击手段的多样性和隐蔽性不断增强导致入侵检测愈加困难,迫切需要研究新的入侵检测方法。结合可视化技术和k近邻分类算法,提出一种基于图形特征的入侵检测方法。采用信息增益方法对原始特征进行排序选择,并进行雷达图可视化表示,提取雷达图的图形特征构成新的数据集并送入k近邻分类器进行训练和测试。通过KDDCUP99数据集仿真实验表明,该方法不仅能直观显示攻击行为,而且获得较好的攻击检测性能,对DOS攻击的检测率可达97.9%,误报率为1.5%。     

Nonlinear orbital uncertainty propagation with differential algebra and Gaussian mixture model

Nonlinear uncertainty propagation is of critical importance in many application fields of astrodynamics. In this article, a framework combining the differential algebra technique and the Gaussian mixture model method is presented to accurately propagate the state uncertainty of a nonlinear system. A high-order Taylor expansion of the final state with respect to the initial deviations is firstly computed with the differential algebra technique. Then the initial uncertainty is split to a Gaussian mixture model.With the high-order state transition polynomial, each Gaussian mixture element is propagated to the final time, forming the final Gaussian mixture model. Through this framework, the final Gaussian mixture model can include the effects of high-order terms during propagation and capture the non-Gaussianity of the uncertainty, which enables a precise propagation of probability density. Moreover, the manual derivation and integration of the high-order variational equations is avoided, which makes the method versatile. The method can handle both the application of nonlinear analytical maps on any domain of interest and the propagation of initial uncertainties through the numerical integration of ordinary differential equation. The performance of the resulting tool is assessed on some typical orbital dynamic models, including the analytical Keplerian motion, the numerical J_2 perturbed motion,and a nonlinear relative motion.     

结合颜色和纹理特征的树冠提取方法

提出了一种结合颜色信息和纹理特征的树冠提取方法。该方法结合了树冠在图像中明显的颜色信息和独特的纹理特征,能够准确地将树冠从复杂的城市背景中提取出来,并在提取结果的基础上,利用圆模型对单个树冠进行了描绘和标注。     

水中目标回波亮点统计特征研究

礁石和海洋动物引起的混响是主动声纳最严重的干扰, 如何区分礁石、鱼群和水中目标一直是制约主动声纳识别技术的难点问题. 针对礁石与目标回波难以区分的问题, 从特征识别的应用角度, 研究水中复杂目标全方位回波亮点特征的有效表征和应用方式, 基于目标回波亮点模型, 提出拷贝相关器输出的目标散射函数估计方法, 给出对目标回波亮点相对关系进行定量分析的目标回波特征统计表征方式, 并基于湖上实验提取了物理机理明确的目标回波亮点统计特征, 使得目标时间-角度谱中所蕴含的目标特征信息能够很直接地转化为主动声纳易于应用的目标特征. 关键词： 水中目标 回波亮点 统计特征     

基于混合高斯模型的红外图像自适应校正算法

针对传统时域高通滤波校正算法存在的鬼影问题,提出一种新的基于混合高斯模型的红外图像自适应校正算法。新算法利用混合高斯模型对场景进行建模,只有在像元输出值满足一定条件的时候,才将其更新到校正系数中,实现有选择性地更新校正系数。通过一组仿真和真实的红外图像序列评价算法的性能,仿真图像采用峰值信噪比指标进行定量评价,新算法比传统时域高通滤波校正算法的峰值信噪比提高了约9 dB。真实图像采用主观的定性评价,传统算法校正结果中存在着明显的鬼影,而新算法校正结果中不存在鬼影。     

倒谱本征空间结构化高斯混合模型语音转换方法

针对非平行语料非联合训练条件下的语音转换,提出一种基于倒谱本征空间结构化高斯混合模型的方法。提取说话人语音倒谱特征参数之后,根据其散布矩阵计算本征向量构造倒谱本征空间并训练结构化高斯混合模型SGMM-ES(Structured Gaussian Mixture Model in Eigen Space)。源和目标说话人各自独立训练的SGMM-ES根据全局声学结构AUS(Acoustical Universal Structure)原理进行匹配对准,最终得到基于倒谱本征空间的短时谱转换函数。实验结果表明,转换语音的目标说话人平均识别率达到95.25%,平均谱失真度为1.25,相对基于原始倒谱特征空间的SGMM方法分别提高了0.8%和7.3%,而ABX和MOS测评表明转换性能非常接近于传统平行语料方法。这一结果说明采用倒谱本征空间结构化高斯混合模型进行非平行语料条件下的语音转换是有效的。