Community operational research issues and public art practice: the art director system

The key issues of community operational research, outlined in a paper by Ritchie, have relevance to community projects in general and, we argue, a particular relevance to public art. We illustrate this relevance by describing eight case studies in public art, four in Japan and four in the west, and by considering the projects in a three-way factorial design, make a case for the art director system in the management of public art projects.     

零维理想关于变元正常与一般位置

设k[x_1,…,x_n]是域k上关于变量x_1,…,x_n的多项式环,I是k[x_1,x_2,…,x_n]中的零维理想.本文对I关于某个变元x_i正常与一般位置之同的关系进行探讨,并证明了零维理想对于变元x_i正常与一般位置在某种情况下的等价性.     

Dynamic Walrasian price equilibrium problem: evolutionary variational approach with sensitivity analysis

Many authors have been devoted to the study of the static general economic equilibrium problem regulated to Walras’ law (see e.g. Arrow and Debreu in Econometrica 22:265–290, 1954; Arrow and Hahn in General competitive analysis, 1991; Arrow et al. in Econometrica 27:82–109, 1959; Border in Fixed point theorems with application to economics and game theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985; Dafermos in Math Programm 46:391–402, 1990; Dafermos and Zhao in Oper Res Lett 10:396–376, 1991; Donato et al. in J Glob Optim, 2007; Hahn in Stability, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1982; Jofré et al. in Math Oper Res, 2007; Nagurney in Network economics—a variational inequality approach, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1999; Nagurney and Zhao in Network formalism for pure exchange economic equilibria, World Scientific Press, Singapore, 1993; Walker in J Polit Econ 94(4), 1987; Walras in Elements d’Economique Politique Pure, Corbaz, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1874; Zhao in Variational inequalities in general equilibrium: analysis and computation, PhD thesis, Brown University, 1988; and their bibliography). The aim of this paper is to provide a first approach to a particular dynamic general economic equilibrium problem: a Walrasian price equilibrium problem when the data are time-dependent. The equilibrium conditions that describe this pure exchange economic model are expressed in terms of an evolutionary variational inequality, for which existence and sensitivity results are given. Moreover, our problem can be expressed in a common way to many other equilibrium problems.     

角蛋白16和17在部分表皮肿瘤中的表达和意义

目的 研究角蛋白16 和17（K16、K17）在部分表皮肿瘤中的表达和意义。方法 采用免疫组化法检测K16、K17在正常皮肤、脂溢性角化病、日光性角化病、皮角、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌中的表达。结果 K16、K17 在正常皮肤表皮各层呈阴性表达;在脂溢性角化病表皮各层中除了角质层外大多呈阳性表达;在日光性角化病表皮K16 均不表达,K17 除了角质层外在其他各层也不表达;K16 在皮角表皮棘层呈强阳性表达,但在其他各层均呈阴性表达,K17 在皮角表皮各层基本呈阳性或强阳性表达;在基底细胞癌中,K16、K17除了在棘层呈弱阳性表达外,在其他各层均呈阴性表达;在鳞状细胞癌中,K16 在基底层呈阴性表达,但在其他各层及K17 在表皮全层均呈阳性或强阳性表达。K16 除基底层外在肿瘤表皮其他各层表达比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;K17 在表皮各层表达差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 K16、K17的表达状况可为表皮肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供病理学方面的依据。     

政府花费改变对经济影响的理论分析

本文采用无限期内生时间偏好率模型,研究了政府花费对经济的影响.指出长期的政府花费增加可以使资本存量水平上升,消费水平下降和债券持有量上升;同时,短期分析表明政府花费增加可以减少初始投资率,增加政府债务率水平;但短期的政府花费增加同样导致资本存量水平上升,消费水平下降和债务水平的增加.     

Sphalerite geothermometry

Kullerud’s method of formation-temperature determination has been applied to the polymetallic sulphide deposits of Sadon in Northern Caucasus, U.S.S.R. The sulphide ore occurs at three places, separated by a few kilometers from each other. They are Sadon, Zgid and Holst. Mineralogical assemblage is sphalerite, galena, pyrite and pyrrhotite. It is found that sphalerites from the above three places were formed mainly within a temperature range of 120–500° C. The temperature data are represented in the form of histograms. The occurrence of more than one maximum in each histogram may indicate ore deposition in more than one stage. From the histograms, it is concluded that in Sadon, ore deposition took place in three stages: in Zgid, in only one stage and in Holst, in two stages. These conclusions are in agreement with those arrived at by others by mineragraphic studies.     

The Integration of Science,Mathematics, and Technology in a Discipline-Based Culture

The culture of the middle years of schooling in Western Australia, as in many parts of the world, is predominantly discipline based. This paper focuses on exceptions to this norm by describing examples of integrated teaching of science, mathematics, and technology in seventh- to ninth-grade classrooms. Several different forms of integration were found in the 16 Western Australian schools examined in this study, including thematic approaches, cross-curricular approaches, technology-based projects, and local community projects. Interviews with teachers in these schools raised several implementation issues, including the process of getting started, implications for teachers and students, implications for schedule structure, and implications for departmental structure. All the forms of integration observed in this study were through secondary means, in which the discrete subject discipline boundaries were being maintained. The deep culture of subject disciplines, underwritten by curriculum documents organized in terms of subjects, means that there may be few incentives for teachers to teach and students to learn in an integrated manner.     

Education for Operational Research. A Practitioner's Viewpoint

University education for operational research in Britain is making great and welcome strides forward, but there has been little open discussion of its aims in relation to the advance of the profession. Progress in operational research, and in its application to the really worth-while problems of industry in particular, depends primarily on strengthening the industrial operational research group in its “front line” role. We need a research study of the teaching and practice of industrial operational research, in relation to effectiveness. We need “collaborative” programmes of operational research education in which the university and the industrial operational research group each contribute, in a man's training over a period of years, in the ways in which each is most competent. We need emphasis on “breadth” as well as “depth” in operational research education, and greater attention to the mutual contributions of operational research, teaching and practice, and the teaching and development of management. An impressionist sketch of a programme which might meet these needs is put forward for discussion of principles and feasibility.     

Socio-economic and cultural mediators of mathematics achievement and between-school equity in mathematics education at the global level

This paper aims at identifying and understanding how and to what extent socioeconomic and cultural factors mediate mathematics achievement and between-school equity in mathematics education among countries. First, under the assumption that equity and quality of education are independent constructs, the construct of equity-in-quality in mathematics education is developed. Second, the 18 countries that were identified in the previous work of the author Jurdak in (Toward equity in quality in mathematics education. Springer, New York, 2009) as being diverse in mathematics education will serve as study cases to illustrate, compare, and contrast the mediatory role of socio-economic and cultural factors in mathematics achievement and between-school equity in mathematics education. The results show that the differences in mathematics achievement and between-school equity in mathematics education at the country level are associated with, and can be accounted for in some cases, by socioeconomic and cultural factors.     

关于随机环境中的马尔可夫过程的简介——纪念李国平院士吴新谋教授诞辰100周年

该文系统地介绍随机环境中的马尔可夫过程. 共4章, 第一章介绍依时的随机环境中的马尔可夫链(MCTRE), 包括MCTRE的存在性及等价描述; 状态分类; 遍历理论及不变测度; p-θ 链的中心极限定理和不变原理. 第二章介绍依时的随机环境中的马尔可夫过程(MPTRE), 包括MPTRE的基本概念; 随机环境中的q -过程存在唯一性; 时齐的q -过程;MPTRE的构造及等价性定理.第三章介绍依时的随机环境中的分枝链(MBCRE), 包括有限维的和无穷维的MBCRE的模型和基本概念; 它们的灭绝概念;两极分化; 增殖率等.第四章介绍依时依空的随机环境中的马尔可夫链(MCSTRE), 包括MCSTRE的基本概念、构造; 依时依空的随机环境中的随机徘徊(RWSTRE)的中心极限定理、不变原理.     

Scan Statistics on Enron Graphs

We introduce a theory of scan statistics on graphs and apply the ideas to the problem of anomaly detection in a time series of Enron email graphs. Previous presentation: Workshop on Link Analysis, Counterterrorism and Security at the SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Newport Beach, CA, April 23, 2005. Carey E. Priebe received the B.S. degree in mathematics from Purdue University in 1984, the M.S. degree in computer science from San Diego State University in 1988, and the Ph.D. degree in information technology (computational statistics) from George Mason University in 1993. From 1985 to 1994 he worked as a mathematician and scientist in the US Navy research and development laboratory system. Since 1994 he has been a professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. At Johns Hopkins, he holds joint appointments in the Department of Computer Science and the Center for Imaging Science. He is a past President of the Interface Foundation of North America—Computing Science & Statistics, a past Chair of the Section on Statistical Computing of the American Statistical Association, and on the editorial boards of Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, and Computational Statistics. His research interests are in computational statistics, kernel and mixture estimates, statistical pattern recognition, statistical image analysis, and statistical inference for high-dimensional and graph data. He was elected Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2002. John M. Conroy received a B.S. in Mathematics from Saint Joseph's University in 1980 and a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from the University of Maryland in 1986. Since then he has been a research staff member for the IDA Center for Computing Sciences in Bowie, MD. His research interest is applications of numerical linear algebra. He is a member of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Association for Computational Linguistics. David J. Marchette received a B.A. in 1980, and an M.A. in mathematics in 1982, from the University of California at San Diego. He received a Ph.D. in Computational Sciences and Informatics in 1996 from George Mason University under the direction of Ed Wegman. From 1985–1994 he worked at the Naval Ocean Systems Center in San Diego doing research on pattern recognition and computational statistics. In 1994 he moved to the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Dahlgren Virginia where he does research in computational statistics and pattern recognition, primarily applied to image processing, text processing, automatic target recognition and computer security. Dr. Marchette is a Fellow of the American Statistical Society. Youngser Park received the B.E. degree in electrical engineering from Inha University in Korea in 1985, the M.S. degree in computer science from The George Washington University in 1991, and had pursued a doctoral degree there. From 1998 to 2000 he worked at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes as a senior research engineer. Since 2003 he is working as a research analyst in the Center for Imaging Science at the Johns Hopkins University. His research interests are clustering algorithm, pattern classification, and data mining.     

An interview with Sam C. Saunders

Sam C. Saunders, the son of Elizabeth Cundiff and Winston E. Saunders, was born in Richland, OR, on February 24, 1931. The family moved to La Grande, OR, in 1944, where Sam completed high school and two years at Eastern Oregon College. He then received the BSc degree in Mathematics from the University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, in 1952, and he attended the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, receiving a PhD degree under Z. W. Birnbaum. After graduating, he accepted employment at the Boeing Company in its Mathematical Services Unit and, in 1972, a position as a Full Professor at Washington State University, Pullman, WA, from which he retired in 1996.     

基于多元线性回归模型的东北地区需水量分析

多元线性回归模型在社会、经济、技术以及众多自然科学研究领域中已被广泛使用,某个地区需水量应与该地区多种因素有关,故选取东北地区的GDP、水库蓄水总量、人均可支配收入、城市绿地面积和工业用水量等5个因素,借助MATLAB软件阐明了多元线性回归模型在东北地区需水量分析中的应用.并通过皮尔森相关性检验、拟合优度检验、F检验、t检验和残差分析的方法对模型进行优化,得到了准确可靠的多元线性回归模型,此模型具有拟合程度高、简易、直观等优势,为多元线性回归模型在需水量分析中的应用提供了有力参考.     

A recursive basis for primitive forms in symplectic spaces and applications to Heisenberg groups

This paper is divided in two parts: in Section 2, we define recursively a privileged basis of the primitive forms in a symplectic space(V~(2n), ω). Successively, in Section 3, we apply our construction in the setting of Heisenberg groups H~n, n ≥ 1, to write in coordinates the exterior differential of the so-called Rumin's complex of differential forms in H~n.     

Interpretations of National Curricula: the case of geometry in textbooks from England and Japan

This paper reports on how the geometry component of the National Curricula for mathematics in Japan and in one selected country of the UK, specifically England, is interpreted in school mathematics textbooks from major publishers sampled from each country. The findings we report identify features of geometry, and approaches to geometry teaching and learning, that are found in a sample of textbooks aimed at students in Grade 8 (aged 13–14). Our analysis raises two issues which are widely recognised as very important in mathematics education: the teaching of mathematical reasoning and proof, and the teaching of problem-solving. In terms of the teaching of mathematical reasoning and proof, our evidence indicates that this is dispersed in the textbook in England while it is concentrated in geometry in the textbook in Japan. In terms of the teaching of mathematical problem-solving and modeling, our analysis shows that it is more concentrated in the textbook from England, and rather more dispersed in the textbook from Japan. These findings indicate how important it is to consider ways in which these issues can be carefully designed in the geometry sections of future textbooks.     

Developing Middle School Students' Interests in STEM via Summer Learning Experiences: See Blue STEM Camp

It is a well‐known fact that, in general, many students have a lack of interest and proficiency in mathematics and science. Therefore, it is imperative that we prepare and inspire all students, specifically students of underrepresented populations, to learn science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) content. Now in its fourth year, See Blue STEM Camp was created in order to expose middle‐level students to a variety of STEM fields and STEM professionals through hands‐on project‐based learning experiences in order to increase their interest in STEM. This paper describes the structure and the activities of the camp. In this innovative project, we utilized an embedded mixed methods study design to investigate the extent middle level students' attitudes, perceptions, and interest in and toward STEM fields and careers changed after participating in an informal learning environment of a five‐day day camp held on the campus of a major university in the mid‐south. The results revealed an increase in their motivation and interest in STEM fields; in fact, there was 3% increase from pre to post in interest in STEM careers. The data also revealed that a majority of the participating middle school students found the STEM content sessions “fun” and engaging, specifically citing the hands‐on experiences they received.     

考虑企业释放质量信号行为的产品推广策略

为吸引消费者, 一些企业尝试以释放质量信号为手段进行产品推广。本文考虑消费者购买时的参考效用, 通过构建模型, 探讨了短期经营下低质量企业不释放质量信号、短期经营下低质量企业释放质量信号、长期经营下低质量企业不释放质量信号和长期经营下低质量企业释放质量信号等四种情况下的产品定价策略, 并分析了释放质量信号对企业运营带来的利弊。研究发现:长期经营下低质量企业释放质量信号时, 产品质量差距的扩大将提高竞争企业的最优定价, 而释放质量信号程度的增加则将使最优定价降低。同时, 通过释放质量信号, 短期内低质量企业看似可以借此获得大量需求, 但现实中可行性不高。从长期经营来看, 以释放质量信号为手段的推广策略实际上会损害整个市场的利益。     

Functions and Shapes in the Light of the International System of Units

Famously, Galilei made the ontological claim that the book of nature is written in the language of mathematics. Probably, if only implicitly, most contemporary natural scientists share his view. This paper, in contradistinction, argues that nature is only partly written in the language of mathematics; partly, it is written in the language of functions and partly in a very simple purely qualitative language, too. During the argumentation, three more specific but in themselves interesting theses are put forward: first (in Section 3), there are more shapes than real numbers; second (in Section 4), the metrological notion ‘amount of substance’ can profitably be exchanged for ‘number of entities’; third (in Section 5), prototypical concepts will always be scientifically important.     

油田A类物资采购决策支持系统研究

结合大庆油田物资公司在重要供应链管理环节,即采购、需求和库存中所面临的实际问题(物资需求增加、仓储压力增大、采购成本增多)及三者之间的相互作用,基于预测和优化理论,构建了针对油田A类物资的采购优化和库存管理决策支持系统原型,包括：预测模块、优化模块和方案调整评估模块,为相关部门制定合理物资采购方案提供决策支持.进一步,以银浪仓库中的4种A类物资为例,运用该原型系统进行数值模拟. 结果表明,2009年和2010年4种物资的总成本节省率分别为10.35%和8.07%,效益可观. 考虑到油田物资数据结构不完备及优化模型的复杂性,该原型系统在大庆油田大规模推广方面仍需进一步完善.     

The Development of Comprehension of Chance Language: Evaluation and Interpretation

Comprehension of chance language, such as is found in newspapers, is a fundamental aspect of statistical literacy. In this study, students' understandings of chance language were explored through responses to two items in surveys administered to 2,726 students from grades 5 to 11. One item involved evaluating the chance expressed in phrases from newspaper headlines using a number line, and responses were described in four levels of chance language evaluation. The other item involved interpreting, in context, an expression of percent chance, and responses were described in four levels of chance language interpretation. Students in higher grades were more likely to demonstrate higher levels of both evaluation and interpretation. The association between levels of evaluation and interpretation was further explored generally and in relation to one of the headlines involving percent. Implications for mathematics educators in relation to chance language in the curriculum across the years of schooling are discussed.