Graphene Oxide/ZnO Nano Composite for Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Levodopa and Tyrosine Using Modified Graphite Screen Printed Electrode

Determination of levodopa and tyrosine as two important species for treatment of Parkinson's disease is described. A novel electrochemical sensor involving graphene oxide/ZnO nanorods (GR/ZnO) nano composite and the graphite screen‐printed electrodes (GSPE) was developed for the simultaneous detection of levodopa and tyrosine. The screen‐printed electrodes with several advantages, including low cost, versatility and miniaturization were employed. On the other hand, the graphene oxide/ZnO nanorods nano composite was casted on the surface of GSPE to obtain GR/ZnO/SPE. The proposed nano sensor has excellent performance such as high sensitivity, good selectivity and analytical application in real samples. The combination of graphene oxide/ZnO nanorods nano composite with the screen‐printed electrode is favorable for amplifying electrochemical signals. Under optimized conditions square wave voltammetry (SWV) exhibited linear dynamic ranges from 1.0×10^?6 to 1.0×10^?3 M and 1.0×10^?6 to 8.0×10^?4 M with detection limits of 4.5×10^?7 M and 3.4×10^?7 M for levodopa and tyrosine respectively.     

尿酸在石墨烯修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及测定

以抗坏血酸为还原剂,采用微波水热法化学还原氧化石墨烯合成了石墨烯纳米片,制备了石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极(RGO/GCE),并采用循环伏安法、计时电量法、交流阻抗法等电化学技术研究了尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为及其影响因素。结果表明,在PBS缓冲溶液中,尿酸(UA)在石墨烯修饰电极上的电极反应是一个受扩散控制的不可逆氧化过程。电极反应的转移电子数n=2,有效面积A=0.182 cm2,扩散系数D=1.51×10-6 cm2.s-1。UA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在5.0×10-6～1.5×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好线性,r=0.995 7。利用该RGO/GCE修饰电极可以快速准确地测定UA,检出限为2.7×10-7 mol/L,加标回收率为98%～100%。     

Nanostructured Screen Printed Graphite Electrode for the Development of a Novel Electrochemical Genosensor

The aim of this work is the preparation of DNA‐sensing architectures based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in conjunction with an enzyme‐amplified detection to improve the analytical properties of genosensor. In order to assess the utility of study as DNA‐sensing devices, a thiolated DNA capture probe sequence was immobilized on the gold nanoparticle modified surface. After labeling of the biotinylated hybrid with a streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase conjugate, the electrochemical detection of the enzymatic product was performed on the surface of a disposable electrode. Two different enzymatic substrates to detect the hybridization event were studied. In the first case, the enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of α‐naphthyl phosphate; the product is electroactive and has been detected by means of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In the second one, the enzyme catalyzed the precipitation of an insoluble and insulating product on the sensing interface. In this case, the electrochemical transduction of the hybridization process was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).     

Electrochemical Detection of Epinephrine Using an L-Glutamic Acid Functionalized Graphene Modified Electrode

The development and application of an L-glutamic acid functionalized graphene nanocomposite, modified glassy carbon electrode are reported for the determination of epinephrine. The properties of the nanocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modified electrode had high sensitivity and strongly catalytic activity for the detection of epinephrine. A linear relationship between the epinephrine concentration and the current response was obtained in the range of 1 × 10^?7 M to 1 × 10^?3 M by differential pulse voltammetry with a limit of detection of 3 × 10^?8 M. The modified electrode was employed to determine epinephrine in urine with satisfactory results.     

基于纳米MnO_2二茂铁修饰丝网印刷碳电极的尿酸生物传感器研究

在丝网印刷碳电极上修饰纳米MnO2,并利用戊二醛和β-环糊精交联固定尿酸酶,以二茂铁作为电子媒介体,研制用于测定尿酸浓度的生物传感器.实验结果表明,纳米MnO2降低了电子媒介体二茂铁的氧化还原反应电位,且纳米MnO2与电子媒介体二茂铁在尿酸生物传感器中表现出协同增效效应.该尿酸生物传感器线性响应范围是6.0×10-6～1.2×10-3 mol/L,检出限为3.0×10-6 mol/L.用纳米MnO2修饰酶电极,改善了电极表面条件,加快了电极反应速率,提高了尿酸传感器的灵敏度.     

纳米铂-石墨烯修饰电极电化学检测1-羟基芘

该文以氧化石墨烯和氯铂酸混合液为前驱体,采用一步电沉积法制备了纳米铂/还原氧化石墨烯修饰电极(Pt/E-rGO/GCE),通过差分脉冲伏安法对1-羟基芘进行原位富集检测。结果表明,当溶液pH 2.0,制备Pt/E-rGO/GCE的电沉积圈数为5圈时,在50～700 nmol/L范围内,1-羟基芘浓度与还原峰电流呈线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.976,检出限(S/N=3)为12.1 nmol/L。该方法的稳定性、重现性及抗干扰能力良好,将其应用于尿样的检测,回收率为99.7%～108%,相对标准偏差为3.2%～4.2%。Pt/E-rGO/GCE的良好性能对电化学传感器的构建具有一定的实用价值。     

基于对氨基苯硼酸修饰磁性纳米粒子及丝网印刷技术测定糖化血红蛋白

制备了对氨基苯硼酸修饰的磁性纳米粒子,其与血液中的糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)结合,通过网状玻璃态碳(RVC)电极的磁性区域后,可实现与未糖基化的血红蛋白分离。通过壳聚糖(CS)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和碳纳米管构成的溶胶-凝胶膜修饰丝网印刷电极对血红蛋白进行电化学检测,从而建立了一种用于检测糖化血红蛋白的新方法。在0.10 V电位下,丝网印刷电极的电量与Hb A1c和Hb的浓度有较好的线性关系,检出限分别为6 mg/m L和0.05 mg/m L。该方法电极制作简单,有较好的重现性和稳定性,且能有效排除抗坏血酸(AA)、尿酸(UA)等的干扰,已成功应用于实际样品中Hb A1c的检测。     

基于氧化石墨烯/碳纳米管复合薄膜修饰电极制备L-色氨酸电化学传感器

将Hummers法制备的单层氧化石墨烯(GO)与多壁碳米管(MWCNT)超声混合,得到性能稳定的GO/MWCNT复合纳米材料。以此纳米材料修饰玻碳电极,构建了一种新型L-色氨酸(L-Trp)电化学传感器。采用透射电镜(TEM)、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗(EIS)等方法对修饰电极进行了表征;并研究了L-Trp在修饰电极上的电化学行为和动力学性质。结果表明,L-Trp在GO/MWCNT修饰电极有一个灵敏的氧化峰(Epa=0.956 V);该氧化反应是一个2电子和2质子参与的不可逆过程,电极过程受到吸附步骤控制,其表观标准速率常数为9.613×10-4cm/s;利用该氧化峰可进行痕量L-Trp的检测。在pH 6.0磷酸盐缓冲液中,当富集电位为0.600 V,富集时间为25 s,扫速为100 mV/s时,L-Trp氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好线关系,相关系数为0.995,检出限可达3.50×10-7mol/L;所制备的电化学传感器稳定性较好,用于人体血清中L-Trp的现场快速检测,加标回收率为97.8%～104.2%。     

Disposable Electrochemical Sensor for Food Colorants Detection by Reduced Graphene Oxide and Methionine Film Modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode

A facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and methionine film modified screen printed carbon electrode (rGO-methionine/SPCE) was proposed as a disposable sensor for determination of food colorants including amaranth, tartrazine, sunset yellow, and carminic acid. The fabrication process can be achieved in only 2 steps including drop-casting of rGO and electropolymerization of poly(L-methionine) film on SPCE. Surface morphology of modified electrode was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This work showed a successfully developed novel disposable sensor for detection of all 4 dyes as food colorants. The electrochemical behavior of all 4 food colorants were investigated on modified electrodes. The rGO-methionine/SPCE significantly enhanced catalytic activity of all 4 dyes. The pH value and accumulation time were optimized to obtain optimal condition of each colorant. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for determination, and two linear detection ranges were observed for each dye. Linear detection ranges were found from 1 to 10 and 10 to 100 µM for amaranth, 1 to 10 and 10 to 85 µM for tartrazine, 1 to 10 and 10 to 50 µM for sunset yellow, and 1 to 20 and 20 to 60 µM for carminic acid. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated at 57, 41, 48, and 36 nM for amaranth, tartrazine, sunset yellow, and carminic acid, respectively. In addition, the modified sensor also demonstrated high tolerance to interference substances, good repeatability, and high performance for real sample analysis.     

抗坏血酸和尿酸在甘氨酸-壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了甘氨酸-壳聚糖复合膜修饰玻碳电极(Gly-CTS/GCE),研究了抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明在pH=5.59的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,AA、UA在Gly-CTS/GCE上均产生灵敏的不可逆氧化峰,其峰电流与浓度在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系。对AA和UA混合溶液平行测定7次,相对标准偏差分别为4.6%、2.9%,表明该电极重现性和稳定性良好。AA、UA在Gly-CTS/GCE电极上的氧化峰峰电位相差340mV,据此可实现对二者的同时检测,并可应用于实际样品测定。     

基于分子印迹膜修饰丝网印刷电极的地西泮电化学传感器

以地西泮为模板分子,采用循环伏安法在一次性丝网印刷电极表面原位电聚合形成聚邻苯二胺膜,洗脱除去模板分子后得到地西泮分子印迹膜修饰丝网印刷电极。利用差示脉冲法对印迹膜和非印迹膜进行评价,表征了电极表面膜的电化学性质。以KI为印迹电极和底液间的探针,建立了一种间接检测地西泮的传感方法。该传感器的敏感元件为修饰有分子印迹膜的丝网印刷电极,其制备和更换非常方便。用于电化学检测时,样品的富集时间为3min,地西泮的浓度在2.0×10-7～1.0×10-5mol/L范围内与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2.5×10-8mol/L,基于猪肉样品的加标回收率为92%～95%。将该传感器初步用于实际样品分析,结果满意。     

A Sensitive Electrochemical Approach for Melamine Detection Using a Disposable Screen Printed Carbon Electrode

We report here a simple and easy electrochemical approach for sensitive detection of non‐electroactive melamine using a disposable screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with uric acid as the recognition element. It is based on the competitive adsorptive behavior of melamine at the preanodized SPCE causing suppression in the oxidation current of uric acid. A linear range up to 126 ppb with a detection limit of 1.6 ppb (S/N=3) is achieved at the preanodized SPCE by differential pulse voltammetry. The electrochemical method is successfully applied to detect the melamine content in tainted milk powder and dog food.     

Detection of Uric Acid in the Presence of Dopamine and High Concentration of Ascorbic Acid Using PDDA Modified Graphite Electrode

The properties of graphite electrode (Gr) modified with poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) for the detection of uric acid (UA) in the presence of dopamine (DA) and high concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The polymer modified graphite electrode was prepared by a very simple method just by immersing the graphite electrode in PDDA solution for 20 minutes. The PDDA/Gr modified electrode displayed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of UA, DA and AA compared to that at the bare graphite electrode. The electrochemical oxidation signals of UA, DA and AA are well resolved into three distinct peaks with peak potential separations of 220 mV, 168 mV and 387 mV between AA‐DA, DA‐UA and AA‐UA respectively in cyclic voltammetry studies and the corresponding peak potential separations are 230 mV, 130 mV and 354 mV respectively in differential pulse voltammetry. The lowest detection limits obtained for UA, DA and AA were 1×10^?7 M, 2×10^?7 M and 800×10^?9 M respectively. The PDDA/Gr electrode efficiently eliminated the interference of DA and a high concentration of AA in the determination of UA with good selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The modified electrode was also successfully applied for simultaneous determination of UA, DA and AA in their ternary mixture.     

氧化锌修饰铅笔芯电极电致化学发光法测定苯酚的研究

采用滴涂法将氧化锌纳米颗粒滴涂在自制铅笔芯电极上制成氧化锌修饰铅笔芯电极,当以过硫酸根为共反应剂时,该修饰电极在氢氧化钠溶液中具有良好的电致化学发光(ECL)行为,对其发光机理进行了考察。基于苯酚对该修饰电极的ECL具有抑制作用,建立了一种测量苯酚的新方法,当苯酚浓度为2×10~(-8)~2×10~(-6)mol/L时,发光强度与苯酚浓度的对数呈线性关系,检出限为1×10~(-8)mol/L。该方法具有灵敏度高、方法简单、快速、稳定性好等优点,将其应用于工业废水中苯酚浓度的检测,回收率为96.5%~104.5%。     

Electrochemical Sensing of Uric Acid Using Glassy Carbon Modified with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Polyethylenimine

This work reports the advantages of using glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in polyethylenimine (PEI). The presence of MWCNTs wrapped by PEI largely facilitated the strong adsorption of uric acid (UA) and allowed its highly sensitive and selective quantification even in the presence of high excess of ascorbic acid. The selected conditions for the electrochemical sensing were 5 s accumulation at ?0.300 V under stirring and quantification in a 0.050 M phosphate buffer solution pH 7.40 by differential pulse voltammetry adsorptive‐stripping after medium exchange. The platform allowed the successful application in the quantification of UA in urine.     

茶碱在石墨烯/磷钨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

采用滴涂法制备了石墨烯/磷钨酸修饰电极(GO-PTA/GCE),运用循环伏安法研究了茶碱(THEO)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,并讨论了修饰剂石墨烯和磷钨酸的配比及用量、底液种类及浓度、扫速对其测定的影响。运用交流阻抗法研究修饰前后电极表面的特性。结果表明,在0.02 mol/L H2SO4溶液中,THEO在该修饰电极上于1.185 V出现一不可逆氧化峰,且在100~800 mV/s范围内,其峰电流与扫速平方根(v1/2)呈线性关系,表明该电极过程为受扩散控制的不可逆过程。THEO在该修饰电极上的电子转移数n=1,有效面积A=0.116 9 cm2,扩散系数D=6.675×10-5cm2/s。在优化实验条件下,采用差分脉冲伏安法对THEO进行定量测定,发现THEO的峰电流与其浓度在6.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限可达5.5×10-7mol/L。采用该法对水样中THEO进行检测,回收率为92.6%~106.3%。     

聚L－缬氨酸修饰石墨电极不对称还原苯甲酰甲酸

近年来,用化学修饰电极进行不对称合成日益受到人们重视.Nonaka等用聚L-撷氨酸(PLV)修饰石墨电极(Ce/PLV)和修饰铂电极(Pte/PLV)分别还原4-甲基香豆素和氧化苯基叔丁基醚,产物光学收率(o.y.)分别为43%和93%,而用Ce/PLV还原拨基化合物的研究尚不多见.     

多巴胺在氧化锌纳米棒嵌入石墨修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

采用水热法制备了氧化锌纳米棒,用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱等测试方法对其进行表征,通过嵌入式修饰方法,将制备出的氧化锌纳米棒嵌入到石墨电极中制成修饰电极。 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了多巴胺在修饰电极上的伏安行为和反应机理。 结果表明,该修饰电极对多巴胺显示出良好的响应,不仅使峰电流增加,并使多巴胺的氧化峰电位负移68 mV。 该电极过程的动力学参数：电子转移数n=2,电子转移系数α=0.48。 多巴胺的脉冲峰电流与其浓度在5.0×10-7~1.0×10-4 mol/L内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-7 mol/L(S/N=3)。 对1.0×10-5 mol/L的多巴胺平行测定8次的相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.42%。 用本法测定了盐酸多巴胺注射液中多巴胺的含量,加标回收率为94.83%~104.5%。     

Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid,Dopamine and Uric Acid,at a Graphene Paste Electrode Modified with Functionalized Graphene Sheets

The present study reports the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) using graphene paste electrode modified with functionalized graphene sheets (GPE‐MFGSs). The presence of FGS inhibited the adsorption of AA owing to the electrostatic repulsion, but was favorable for the affinity adsorption of DA and UA via the ion exchange and hydrogen bonding mechanisms, respectively. This led to the decrease in the oxidation potential of AA and the significantly enhanced oxidation peak currents of DA and UA at the GPE‐MFGSs. By cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, the oxidation potentials of AA, DA, and UA, at the GPE‐MFGSs in a ternary mixture were found to be well resolved so that their simultaneous determination could be achieved. Furthermore, the influence of some experimental variables such as graphene paste composition, working solution pH, scan rate and pulse amplitude was studied. In addition, by differential pulse voltammetry, the linear dependence of peak current on the concentration was obtained in the ranges of 0.05–9.0, 0.03–13, and 0.03–5.5 µM with the lowest detection limits of 0.02, 0.01, and 0.01 µM for AA, DAand UA, , respectively.