Subcomplex and sub-Kähler structures

We introduce the notion of subcomplex structure on a manifold of arbitrary real dimension and consider some important particular cases of pseudocomplex structures: pseudotwistor, affinor, and sub-Kähler structures. It is shown how subtwistor and affinor structures can give sub-Riemannian and sub-Kähler structures. We also prove that all classical structures (twistor, Kähler, and almost contact metric structures) are particular cases of subcomplex structures. The theory is based on the use of a degenerate 1-form or a 2-form with radical of arbitrary dimension.     

Some generalizations of the Riemann spaces of Einstein

We introduce a class of Riemann structures, called generalized Einstein structures of index 2e, of which Einstein spaces are a particular case. We show that these structures are stationary for functions introduced on a family of Riemann structures of the compact manifold of H. Weyl. This result solves a problem of M. Berger. As examples of structures which are generalized Einstein structures over all indices we cite homogeneous compact Riemann spaces with a nondecomposable isotropy group and products of such spaces.     

Invariant affinor metric structures on Lie groups

We introduce the class of special metric structures on Lie groups which are connected with the radical of a fixed 1-form on a Lie group. These structures are called affinor metric structures. We introduce and study some special classes of invariant affinor metric structures and generalize many results of the theory of contact metric structures on Lie groups.     

Contact Lie form and concircular geometry of locally conformally quasi-Sasakian manifolds

We introduce a class of almost contact metric structures admitting a locally concircular transformation into a quasi-Sasakian structure, namely, locally concircularly quasi-Sasakian structures. We obtain a criterion that singles out this subclass of structures from the class of locally conformally quasi-Sasakian structures. Some applications and generalizations of this result are obtained.     

Invariant affinor and sub-Kähler structures on homogeneous spaces

We consider G-invariant affinor metric structures and their particular cases, sub-Kähler structures, on a homogeneous space G/H. The affinor metric structures generalize almost Kähler and almost contact metric structures to manifolds of arbitrary dimension. We consider invariant sub-Riemannian and sub-Kähler structures related to a fixed 1-form with a nontrivial radical. In addition to giving some results for homogeneous spaces of arbitrary dimension, we study these structures separately on the homogeneous spaces of dimension 4 and 5.     

Subcomplexes in curved BGG-sequences

BGG-sequences offer a uniform construction for invariant differential operators for a large class of geometric structures called parabolic geometries. For locally flat geometries, the resulting sequences are complexes, but in general the compositions of the operators in such a sequence are nonzero. In this paper, we show that under appropriate torsion freeness and/or semi-flatness assumptions certain parts of all BGG sequences are complexes. Several examples of structures, including quaternionic structures, hypersurface type CR structures and quaternionic contact structures are discussed in detail. In the case of quaternionic structures we show that several families of complexes obtained in this way are elliptic.     

Generalized geometrical structures of odd dimensional manifolds

We define an almost-cosymplectic-contact structure which generalizes cosymplectic and contact structures of an odd dimensional manifold. Analogously, we define an almost-coPoisson–Jacobi structure which generalizes a Jacobi structure. Moreover, we study relations between these structures and analyse the associated algebras of functions.As examples of the above structures, we present geometrical dynamical structures of the phase space of a general relativistic particle, regarded as the 1st jet space of motions in a spacetime. We describe geometric conditions by which a metric and a connection of the phase space yield cosymplectic and dual coPoisson structures, in case of a spacetime with absolute time (a Galilei spacetime), or almost-cosymplectic-contact and dual almost-coPoisson–Jacobi structures, in case of a spacetime without absolute time (an Einstein spacetime).     

The Myerson value for complete coalition structures

In order to describe partial cooperation structures, this paper introduces complete coalition structures as sets of feasible coalitions. A complete coalition structure has a property that, for any coalition, if each pair of players in the coalition belongs to some feasible coalition contained in the coalition then the coalition itself is also feasible. The union stable structures, which constitute the domain of the Myerson value, are a special class of the complete coalition structures. As an allocation rule on complete coalition structures, this paper proposes an extension of the Myerson value for complete coalition structures and provides an axiomatization.     

Compatible Structures on Lie Algebroids and Monge-Ampère Operators

We study pairs of structures, such as the Poisson-Nijenhuis structures, on the tangent bundle of a manifold or, more generally, on a Lie algebroid or a Courant algebroid. These composite structures are defined by two of the following, a closed 2-form, a Poisson bivector or a Nijenhuis tensor, with suitable compatibility assumptions. We establish the relationships between PN-, P Ω- and Ω N-structures. We then show that the non-degenerate Monge-Ampère structures on 2-dimensional manifolds satisfying an integrability condition provide numerous examples of such structures, while in the case of 3-dimensional manifolds, such Monge-Ampère operators give rise to generalized complex structures or generalized product structures on the cotangent bundle of the manifold.     

Dirac structures and paracomplex manifolds

We introduce the notion of a generalized paracomplex structure. This is a natural notion which unifies several geometric structures such as symplectic forms, paracomplex structures, and Poisson structures. We show that generalized paracomplex structures are in one-to-one correspondence with pairs of transversal Dirac structures on a smooth manifold. To cite this article: A. Wade, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004).     

Knowledge structure,knowledge granulation and knowledge distance in a knowledge base

One of the strengths of rough set theory is the fact that an unknown target concept can be approximately characterized by existing knowledge structures in a knowledge base. Knowledge structures in knowledge bases have two categories: complete and incomplete. In this paper, through uniformly expressing these two kinds of knowledge structures, we first address four operators on a knowledge base, which are adequate for generating new knowledge structures through using known knowledge structures. Then, an axiom definition of knowledge granulation in knowledge bases is presented, under which some existing knowledge granulations become its special forms. Finally, we introduce the concept of a knowledge distance for calculating the difference between two knowledge structures in the same knowledge base. Noting that the knowledge distance satisfies the three properties of a distance space on all knowledge structures induced by a given universe. These results will be very helpful for knowledge discovery from knowledge bases and significant for establishing a framework of granular computing in knowledge bases.     

湍流相干结构与小尺度结构之间的相互作用

本文首先对切变湍流场中存在大尺度相干结构与小尺度结构和不同尺度结构之间的相互作用进行了试验研究,得到了一些特征值,其次,在试验的基础上,建立了考虑不同尺度结构之间的相互作用后相干结构的数学描述和模式识别方法,并对光滑壁面与均匀密集加糙壁面条件下湍流边界层中的相干结构进行了模式识别。结果表明,文中所建立的计算方法是可行的。     

Geometric structures associated to triangulations as fixed point sets of involutions

We establish that hyperbolic structures and spherical CR structures on a three-dimensional manifold are contained in fixed point sets of a larger class of structures associated to a triangulation of the manifold. We generalize the 5 term relation to this setting.     

Affine Structures on a Ringed Space and Schemes

The author first introduces the notion of affine structures on a ringed space and then obtains several related properties. Affine structures on a ringed space, arising from complex analytical spaces of algebraic schemes, behave like differential structures on a smooth manifold.     

Linearization of Nambu Structures

Nambu structures are a generalization of Poisson structures in Hamiltonian dynamics, and it has been shown recently by several authors that, outside singular points, these structures are locally an exterior product of commuting vector fields. Nambu structures also give rise to co-Nambu differential forms, which are a natural generalization of integrable 1-forms to higher orders. This work is devoted to the study of Nambu tensors and co-Nambu forms near singular points. In particular, we give a classification of linear Nambu structures (integral finite-dimensional Nambu-Lie algebras), and a linearization of Nambu tensors and co-Nambu forms, under the nondegeneracy condition.     

Markov chains on orthogonal block structures

In this paper we define a particular Markov chain on some combinatorial structures called orthogonal block structures. These structures include, as a particular case, the poset block structures, which can be naturally regarded as the set on which the generalized wreath product of permutation groups acts as the group of automorphisms. In this case, we study the associated Gelfand pairs together with the spherical functions.     

Dirac结构与Dirac流形

引入了Dirac结构的对偶特征对的概念,并给出了相应的可积性条件．利用这些结果,得到在Dirac流形的子流形上自然诱导出Dirac结构的条件,结果改进了Courant T．J．给出的相应条件;还得到Poisson流形在子流形上诱导出Poisson结构的条件,并改进了Weinstein A．和Courant T．J．所给出的相应条件;最后证明了预辛形式的可约Dirac结构与相应商流形上的辛结构之间存在一一对应的关系．     

Comparing Classes of Finite Structures

We compare classes of structures using the notion of a computable embedding, which is a partial order on the classes of structures. Our attention is mainly, but not exclusively, focused on classes of finite structures. Also, a number of problems are formulated.     

On lovely pairs of geometric structures

We study the theory of lovely pairs of geometric structures, in particular o-minimal structures. We use the pairs to isolate a class of geometric structures called weakly locally modular which generalizes the class of linear structures in the settings of SU-rank one theories and o-minimal theories. For o-minimal theories, we use the Peterzil-Starchenko trichotomy theorem to characterize for a sufficiently general point, the local geometry around it in terms of the thorn U-rank of its type inside a lovely pair.     

Wackelige Gelenkwerke und wackelige Polyeder in Der sphärischen Geometrie

Infinitesimal rigidity and shakiness of jointed rodworks or polyhedra have been of major interest in recent research in geometry. In this paper structures of this type are investigated in spheres and projective spaces. A transformation is given showing that essentially no new structures occur in these spaces compared with the euclidean case. The main tool is the projective invariance of shaky structures. Shaky structures in euclidean space can be obtained as affine sections of shaky structures in a projective space of the same dimension.