Synthesis of aromatic polyamidines in Eaton’s reagent

Aromatic polyamidines are prepared via the polycondensation of dicarboxamides and diamines in Eaton’s reagent. The polymers are investigated by elemental analysis and IR and NMR spectroscopy. Polyamidines are well soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated formic acid and in polar organic solvents, and temperatures corresponding to their 10% weight losses are in the range 245–280°C.     

Reaction of 1-tosyl-2,2-dichloroenamines with the Lawesson’s reagent

In the reaction of the available 1-tosyl-2,2-dihlorenamides with the Lawesson??s reagent the derivatives of 4-tosyl-1,3-thiazole were shown to form containing a labile chlorine atom at the C⁵ position. This fact was used for the synthesis of a number of the previously unknown bifunctionally substituted 4,5-thiazoles.     

Some aspects of polybenzimidazoles’ synthesis in Eaton reagent under different temperatures and microwave irradiation

Solution polycondensations of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine with two dicarboxylic acids, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid) and hexafluoroisopropylidene bis(benzoic acid) to obtain two different polybenzimidazoles, OPBI and CF₃PBI, correspondingly, were studied in terms of formation of processable polymers and insoluble crosslinked gel. The syntheses were conducted in Eaton’s reagent using conventional heating (CH) at 100, 140 and 180?°C and microwave irradiation (MW) at 90 and 100?°C. The content of gel fraction was lesser using high temperature conditions under CH. The MW-assisted syntheses resulted in acceleration of polycondensations, but an abrupt growth of the insoluble gel was also observed under these conditions. The FTIR data showed that MW irradiation stimulated the side acylation reactions, and OPBI suffered more from the side acylation than CF₃PBI.     

Studies on Mechanism of Hoesch Reaction with Mass Spectrometry and Its Improvement

It has been about ninety years since Hoesch reaction was first discovered in 1915. To our knowledge, although several authors[1,2] have studied the mechanism of Hoesch reaction, it has not been explained clearly. Here we represent an investigation on the mechanism with isotopic mass spectrometry. The effects of isotopes on mass spectra were illustrated obviously. FAB spectrum contained intermediate molecular ions at m/z 336 (M+, 19.3), 338 (M+, 18.2), 340 (M+, 12.3),etc and the peak 364 had already arose. This isotopic cluster demonstrated the positive ion 4 (M+, 336) was in existence (isotopes of Zn: 64, 66, 67, 68, 70). A possible intermediate molecular structure of the signal at m/z 364 could be assigned to 3 (M+, 364). Ions peaks of a possible intermediate negative ions suggested the structure 7.     

Studies on sulfinatodehalogenation ⅩⅩⅣ.Further study on sodium dithionite-initiated perfluoroalkylation of electron-rich aromatics

The application ot the sulfinatodehalogenation reaction system for the perfluoroalkylationof electron-rich aromatics is further studied.It was shown that perfluoroalkyl iodides reacted withpolyhydric phenols,N,N-dialkylanilines,2,5-dimethylpyrrole,N-methylpyrrole initiated by Na_2S_2O_4-NaHCO_3 gave the corresponding perfluoroalkylated products in moderate to good yields.     

Reaction of levoglucosenone with Dane’s diene

Cycloaddition of levoglucosenone to 7-methoxy-4-vinyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene has been studied under different conditions, including heating under atmospheric pressure, in a sealed ampule, and under high pressure, as well as under microwave irradiation and in the presence of various catalysts. The chiral Diels–Alder adduct thus obtained can be used in the synthesis of estrone and its analogs.     

Studies on the Reaction of Substituted 6-Nitrocoumarin with Anilines

Greatat'tentionhasbeenpaidtocoumarinsfortheirmulti-activityagainstseveraldiseasessuchascancer,AIDS.Inordertoobtainsomemoreeffectiveanti-tumorcompounds,wedesignedaseriesofcoumarinderivativeswithanovelretinoidsstructure.WhenweattemptedtosynthesisaSchiffbaseofnitrosubstituted3-acetylcoumarins,however,itissurprisinglyfoundthatanewreactionoccurredandasmallersizedSchiffbasewasobtained.'H-NMR,"C-NMR,MSandelementalanalysisshowedthatthenewcompoundwasaheterocyclicringfissionproductI(Schemel).Othe…     

Eaton’s reagent-mediated metal-free and efficient synthesis of NH-sulfoximines

NH-sulfoximines can be prepared efficiently from corresponding sulfoxides in the presence of sodium azide and Eaton’s reagent. This metal-free and efficient methodology is applicable to a wide variety of functionalized sulfoxides to afford NH-sulfoximines in good to excellent yields with shorter reaction time than previously reported methods.     

Theoretical Studies on Reaction Mechanism of CH3SO with NO

The potential energy surface （PES） of CH3SO radical with NO reaction has been studied at MP2/6-311G（2df, p） and QCISD/6-311G（2df, p） levels. Geometries of the reactants, transition states （TS） and products were optimized at B3LYP/6-311G （d,p） level. The geometries of the transition states were found for the first time. The calculated results show that the reaction can proceed via singlet-state or triplet-state PES. Because of the high energy barrier of triplet surface, the singlet surface reactions are dominant. The topological analysis of electron density shows that there are two kinds of structaral transition states （the bifurcation-type ring structure transition state and the T-shaped conflict structure transition state） in the titled reaction. The total electronic density of the reactants, TS and products and the spin electronic density on the triplet surface were also discussed in this paper.     

Studies on the Reaction of Benzopyran-4-one with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride

GreatattentionshavebeentwdtopotalsiumchannelOpenerspeOs)fortheirnovelmechosminthetreatmentOfCardiovasculardiseases.BenZOPyran-4oneisakeyintermedjatefOrpreParillgbenzOWan'sPCOs,chchisthemoStimPOrtantStruCtUraltypeOfPCOs.Inordertoobtalnsomebenz~-4oneoximeanalOgUes,6nitro-benZOPyran-4oneltaledwithhydrOxyltalnehydrochlorideintwdineattemperatureaccOndngtoconunonSyntheticmethodaInixtUre(lfl)ofbenzOPyran-4oneoxime2andisoxazoline3wereproduced.No-ltisrePOrtedthat6-methyl-flavanone4whentr…     

Synthesis and structure of iron(III) complexes with a new ligands based on Girard’s reagent

Condensation of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde with Girard’s reagent T yields a new ligand in the form of a salt, 5-bromosalicylaldehyde (carboxymethyl)trimethylammonium chloride hydrazone (5-BrH₂SalGT)Cl (I). Ligand I is readily soluble in water and reacts with iron chloride to give the complex [Fe(5-BrSalGT)Cl₂] (II). Treatment of II with KCNS leads to the compound [Fe(5-BrSalGT)(NCS)₂(H₂O)] (III). At any ratio of the initial reagents, only complexes with the ratio metal: ligand = 1: 1 are isolated. Comparison of the structural data for compounds I–III shows that ligand I is deprotonated in the course of complex formation and is coordinated in the anionic form. Its conformational rearrangement is minimal and involves only a change in the orientation of the terminal group N(CH₃)₃. In complexes II and III, ligand I is coordinated to the metal ion through the ONO donor atoms. The structures of the complexes with different acido ligands are significantly different. Although the complexes contain each two inorganic anions, their coordination polyhedra differ from each other. In II, the iron atom is at the center of a trigonal bipyramid, whereas in III the iron atom has a tetragonal-bipyramidal environment due to the extra coordination of a water molecule. In both complexes, the iron atom is in the high-spin state: at room temperature, μ_eff is 5.86 and 5.81 μ_B for II and III, respectively. Complexes II and III are ordinary paramagnets down to 2 K.     

Theoretical Studies of Water’s and Methanol’s Effects on Alcoholysis of N-Benzyl-3-oxo-β-sultam

The mechanisms about the water’s and methanol’s effects on the alcoholysis of N-benzyl-3-oxo-β-sultam together with their differences have been studied by using density func- tional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. The results, in comparison with a previous study on the relative reaction without the assistance of water and methanol, show that the added water or methanol can remarkably reduce the energy barrier of alcoholysis reaction of N-benzyl-3-oxo- β-sultam and the most favorite pathway is the breaking of C–N bond instead of S–N. It is also found that the reaction energy barrier of methanol-assisted alcoholysis is a little higher than that of the water-assisted one.     

Reaction of α-cyanoacrylic acid and cyanoacrylates with dialkyl and diaryl phosphites

-Cyanoacrylic acid and -cyanoacrylates add dialkyl and diaryl phosphites and diethyl thiophosphite at the C=C double bond in the absence of catalyst. This is an anti-Markovnikov reaction, which yields the corresponding phosphonates and thiophosphonates.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organometallic Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117813 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1913–1915, August, 1992.     

Three-component condensation of 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives with aldehydes and Meldrum’s acid

New approach to the synthesis of 4,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-6-ones using 2-aminothiophenes unsubstituted at position 3 of the thiophene ring has been developed. Labile 2-aminothiophenes have been obtained by the in situ decarboxylation of unstable 2-amino-3-thiophenecarboxylic acids. The three-component condensation of 2-aminothiophenes with aromatic aldehydes and the Meldrum’s acid is the key step of the process.     

Three-component condensation of 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylic acid derivatives with aldehydes and Meldrum’s acid

A convenient method was developed for the synthesis of the previously unknown substituted 6,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-5-ones based on the three-component condensation of 3-aminothiophenes, Meldrum’s acid, and aromatic aldehydes. 3-Aminothiophenes are easily formed in situ by decarboxylation of 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylic acids in an acidic medium. Sodium salts of the latter acids were prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of the corresponding available esters.     

Oxidation of bicyclic monoterpene ketones with Caro’s acid

Previously unknown seven-membered lactones, (1R,1??R,5S,5??S)-5,5??-oxybis(1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one), 2,2-dimethyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[2.6]nonan-7-one, 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-7-methyloxepan-2-one, and (4R,4??R,7S,7??S)-4,4??-[oxybis(propane-2,2-diyl)]bis(7-methyloxepan-2-one), were synthesized by the Baeyer-Villiger reaction using Caro??s acid as a result of oxidative and skeletal transformations of bicyclic monoterpene ketones, (+)-camphor, (+)-nopinone, and (?)-isocaranone.     

Studies on the cyclization reaction of D-aspartic acid

The cyclization reaction of D-aspartic acid was studied, the carboxyl groups of D-aspartic acid were protected by benzyl alcohol to give compound D-dibenzyl aspartate. Then (4R)-benzyl azetidine-2-one-4-carboxylate and meso-3,6-disubstituted piperazine- 2,5-diones were synthesized via intramolecular cyclization and intermolecular cyclization of D-dibenzyl aspartate, respectively, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. Both cyclization reaction conditions were also investigated in detail.     

Reaction of aziridinecar☐ylic acids with thiols in aqueous solution. the formation of β-amino acid

Enantiomers of 3-methyl-2-aziridinecar☐ylic acids (1-d and 1-l) and 2-aziridinecar☐ylic acids (2-d and 2-l) reacted easily with thiophenol, cysteine and glutathione in aqueous solution or in sodium phosphate buffer solution at room temperature and gave predominantly β-amino acid derivatives with sulfur substituents at their α-position.From 1-d and thiophenol, (2S, 3R)-3-amino-2-phenylthiobutanoic acid (3-d) was produced predominantly. In order to confirm the structure, 3-d was converted to (3S, 4R)-3-phenylthio-4-methylazetidin-2-one (5) using the Ohno reaction. The configurations of 3-d and 6 were determined by X-ray diffraction and ¹³C NMR spectrum analysis, respectively. We concluded that the ring-opening reaction of unactivated aziridinecar☐yhc acids with thiols in aqueous solution occurred predominantly on C-2 of the aziridine ring with inversion of the configuration at this position. The reaction offers a good route for stereoselective synthesis of peptides or β-lactam derivatives.