Compartment-less Biofuel Cell: Fabricated with Pressed Graphite Pellets Incorporated Biocatalysts and Mediators as Bio-electrodes

More recently,there has been an upsurge in research on enzymatic BFCs,due to their most intuitive application in the implantable power sources for mierobioeleetronics such as cardiac pacemaker~([1,2]).     

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Coated on Stainless Steel Fiber

With characteristics of specific selectivity,good chemical stability and easy preparation,molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has been used as the recognition materials m various fields ~([1,2]).Recently,the application of MIP in the sample pre-treatment techniques such as SPME was attractive ~([3,4]).For analysis of complicated samples,the interference matrix would be reduced obviously with the MIP-coated SPME fiber~([5-7]).Because MIPs were coated on the surface of silica fiber through chemical bonding,those fibers could be used for over 80 times without obvious losing of surface quality and extraction performance of MIP coatings.     

Steroid and antibacterial steroidal glycosides from marine green alga Codium iyengarii Borgesen

The ethyl acetate soluble part of methanolic extract of marine green alga Codium iyengarii collected from Karachi coast of Arabian Sea afforded a new steroid ([structure: see text], iyengadione) and two new steroidal glycosides [iyengaroside-A ([structure: see text]) and B ([structure: see text])] along with clerosterol galactoside ([structure: see text]). Their structures were elucidated with the aid of 1D-NMR spectroscopy and reconfirmed through HMBC experiments. The bactericidal activity of [structure: see text] was also explored and found positive response from iyengaroside-A ([structure: see text]) and clerosterol galactoside ([structure: see text]).     

Large Molecular Weight poly (4-styrenesulfonate) as Binding Phase of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films for Measurement of Heavy Metals

The technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) has been used for the in situ measurement of trace metals in natural waters~([1,2]).A new liquid-type DGT device employing poly(4-styrenesulfonate)(PSS) with a molecular weight of 7×10~4 (PSS-7E4) aqueous solution as a binding phase (PSS-7E4 DGT)was reported recently with excellent contact between the binding phase and the diffusive layer,good reproducibility and no need for elution corrections~([3]).However the high depletion rate of PSS-7E4 in the process of pretreatment prevents it from its practical application.     

4-Amino-l,2,4-triazole Resin-supported Palladium Complex as Phosphine-free Catalyst for Suzuki Reaction in Aqueous Phase

1 Introduction The Suzuki cross-coupling reaction is a powerful and versatile method for the generation of unsymme-trical biaryls from arylboronic acids and aryl halides in a single step~([1-3]).However,the reaction is usually performed in the presence of Pd catalyst along with phosphine ligand,which sometimes creates practical problems because organophosphines tend to be expensive,poisonous,and air sensitive.Recently,phosphine-free ligands,such as nitrogen or sulfur-containing ligands~([4-6]) and N-heterocyclic car-benes~([7-12]) have been applied in Suzuki reaction effectively.     

Triterpenes and saponins from Ilex psammophila

Two new saponins were isolated from the leaves of Ilex psammophila. Their structure was established by chemical and spectroscopic methods as 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylester of 20(S)-ilexgenin A ([structure: see text]) and 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylester of 20(S)-3beta,19alpha,24-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-23, 28-dioic acid ([structure: see text]).     

Microbial transformation of (+)-androsta-1 ,4-diene-3,17-dione by Cephalosporium aphidicola

Fermentation of (+)-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione ([structure: see text]) with Cephalosporium aphidicola for 8 days yielded oxidative and reductive metabolites, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione ([structure: see text]), 17beta-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3-one ([structure: see text]), 11alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione ([structure: see text]), 11alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione ([structure: see text]), 11alpha,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one ([structure: see text]) and 11alpha,17beta-dihydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3-one ([structure: see text]). The fermentation of [structure: see text] with Fusarium lini also yielded metabolites [structure: see text]. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques.     

Selective recovery of solutes from ionic liquids by pervaporation--a novel approach for purification and green processing

Non-porous membranes with the selective layer consisting of hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers have been applied for the quantitative and selective recovery of solutes with different physico-chemical properties from a room-temperature ionic liquid, ([bmim][PF6]).     

Study of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids:Temperature-dependent Fluorescence and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The steady-state fluorescence spectra and molecular dynamics simulations were explored to investigate the temperature dependent organization in some imidazolium ionic liquids:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluo-rophosphate([bmim][PF6]),1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate([emim][EtSO4]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimida-zolium tetrafluoroborate([bmim][BF4]).The pure room temperature ionic liquids(ILs) exhibit a large red shift at more than an excitation wavelength of around 340 nm,which demonstrates the hetero...     

Reductive amination of carbonyl compounds using NaBH4 in a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid

Reductive amination of carbonyl compounds using sodium borohydride is conducted in the Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 1-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([HMIm][BF₄]). The ionic liquid plays the dual role of solvent as well as catalyst for efficient conversion of aldehydes and ketones to amines in excellent yields without the formation of side products.     

A Novel Green Synthesis of Quinolines through Acid-catalyzed Friedlander Reaction in Ionic Liquids

Quinoline derivatives were efficiently prepared through acid-catalyzed Friedlander reaction in ionic liquid ([bmim] [BF4]). It is shown that the proposed method is operationally simple and environmentally benign in that the reaction media and the catalyst can be recovered and be reused effectively for at least four times.     

Ionic liquids with herbicidal anions

Ionic liquids with herbicidal anions (named herbicidal ionic liquids—HILs) were synthesized and characterized. The combination of two active chemicals as the [cation][anion] form in a single moiety reduced the number of additional chemicals required per application. HILs ([cation][MCPA]) exhibited higher biological activity than currently used salts of MCPA, and involved pesticides of a multidirectional activity ([plant growth regulator][MCPA]). Acute toxicity of HILs could be controlled by appropriate selection of cation type. These salts had chemical and thermal stability, and showed substantially lower water solubility than starting herbicides, thus reducing soil and groundwater mobility.     

Molecular modeling and experimental studies of the thermodynamic and transport properties of pyridinium-based ionic liquids

A combined experimental and molecular dynamics study has been performed on the following pyridinium-based ionic liquids: 1-n-hexyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([hmpy][Tf(2)N]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([ompy][Tf(2)N]), and 1-n-hexyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([hdmpy][Tf(2)N]). Pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine the self-diffusivities of the individual cations and anions as a function of temperature. Experimental self-diffusivities range from 10(-11) to 10(-10) m(2)/s. Activation energies for diffusion are 44-49 kJ/mol. A classical force field was developed for these compounds, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to compute dynamic as well as thermodynamic properties. Evidence of glassy dynamics was found, preventing accurate determination of self-diffusivities over molecular dynamics time scales. Volumetric properties such as density, isothermal compressibility, and volumetric expansivity agree well with experiment. Simulated heat capacities are within 2% of experimental values.     

SET‐LRP of acrylonitrile in ionic liquids without any ligand

Use of ionic liquids as reaction media was investigated in the design of an environmentally friendly single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) for acrylonitrile (AN) without any ligand by using Fe(0) wire as catalyst and 2‐bromopropionitrile as initiator. 1‐Methylimidazolium acetate ([mim][AT]), 1‐methylimidazolium propionate ([mim][PT]), and 1‐methylimidazolium valerate ([mim][VT]) were applied in this study. First‐order kinetics of polymerization with respect to the monomer concentration, linear increase of the molecular weight, and narrow polydispersity with monomer conversion showed the controlled/living radical polymerization characters. The sequence of the apparent polymerization rate constant of SET‐LRP of AN was k_app ([mim][AT]) > k_app ([mim][PT]) > k_app ([mim][VT]). The living feature of the polymerization was also confirmed by chain extensions of polyacrylonitrile with methyl methacrylate. All three ionic liquids were recycled and reused and had no obvious effect on the controlled/living nature of SET‐LRP of AN. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Miniemulsion polymerization of styrene with liquid polybutadiene as the sole co-stabilizer

A low-molecular-weight liquid polybutadiene (LPB) is employed as the sole co-stabilizer in miniemulsion polymerization of styrene in present work. Results indicate that the LPB can be used as an effective co-stabilizer to retard the diffusional degradation of monomer droplets in miniemulsion system and get stable miniemulsions. When the miniemulsions were initiated, particle formation occurred predominantly by monomer droplet nucleation. Moreover, the effects of various reaction parameters on the polymerization kinetics and the nucleation mechanisms were also investigated. These parameters include the level of LPB ([LPB]) and the concentrations of SDS ([SDS]) and potassium persulfate ([KPS]). It is shown that the polymerization rate indicates little dependence on [LPB], while increases with increasing [SDS] and [KPS]. Competition between droplet nucleation and homogeneous nucleation occur in the course of polymerization, but droplet nucleation becomes more important by increasing [LPB] or decreasing [SDS]. Furthermore, the result that the particle size is rather insensitive to changes in [KPS] provides the most compelling evidence for the dominant droplet nucleation.     

甲酰替苯胺异构化的NMR研究

自Ernst1979年创立的二维核磁共振交换谱(2D-EXSY)以来,人们可以仅从一张谱获得复杂体系的动力学信息,勿需用变温等繁琐手段,大大简化了实验.因此该法已在有机化学、金属有机化学及生物化学等领域得到越来越广泛的应用.本文利用前文对2D-EXSY 所做的近似处理方法,对甲酰替苯胺的顺、反异构化进行了研究,并将所得到的结果同线形分析法所得的结果进行了比较,证明本法结果准确、可靠.     

4′-N-烷基(芳基)-氨甲基苯并-18-冠醚-6及高聚物支载和硅胶支载冠醚的合成

本文报道新冠醚4′-N-烷基-和4′-N-芳基-氨甲基苯并-18-冠醚-6及聚苯乙烯珠体和硅胶支载冠醚的合成。后二者均可用作相转移催化剂。聚苯乙烯珠体支载的苯并-18-冠醚-6催化溴辛烷与氰化钾、氰化钠、或醋酸钾的取代反应时,活性较上述高聚物支载的苯并-15-冠醚-5为高。     

A study of the time-resolved fluorescence spectrum and red edge effect of ANF in a room-temperature ionic liquid

In a recent article, we have analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations the steady-state red edge effect (REE) observed by Samanta and co-workers when the fluorescent probe 2-amino-7-nitrofluorene (ANF) is photoexcited at different wavelengths in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([BMIM+]) hexafluorophosphate ([PF6-]). In this letter, we predict the time- and wavelength-dependent emission spectra of ANF in the same ionic solvent. From the analysis of our simulated data, we are able to derive an approximate time scale for reorganization of the solvent around the solute probe. The effect that slow varying local liquid environments have on the overall time-dependent signal is also discussed.     

A metallacage encapsulating chloride as a probe for a solvation scale in ionic liquids

With the purpose of assessing the reactivity of chloride ions dissolved in ionic liquids (ILs), a relative scale for the solvation of chloride is given for a series of ILs based on the bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide ([Tf(2)N]) anion and different cations, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim]), 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ([bdmim]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ([bmpy]), 1-butylpyridinium ([bpy]), 1-pentyl-1,1,1-triethylammonium ([C(5)e(3)am]), and 1-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([mimeOH]). Insights into the solvation of chloride are achieved by the thermodynamic study of the reaction of dissociation of a chloride-templated nickel(II) metallacage performed at various temperatures by UV-visible spectroscopy in each IL. The order of chloride solvation [C(5)e(3)am][Tf(2)N] < [bmpy][Tf(2)N] < [bmim][Tf(2)N] 相似文献   

一种含酞侧基的聚醚醚酮与有机溶剂之间的相互作用

用反相色谱法研究了一种新型含酞侧基的聚醚醚酮(PEK-C)在玻璃化转变温度以下(150℃和180℃)与29种常用溶剂之间的相互作用。从这些溶剂中区分和筛选出了PEK-C的溶剂,溶胀剂及沉淀剂,用以指导PEK-C的溶解加工和膜的制备。本研究也证明了Dangayach等用色谱法研究高聚物的溶解性是一个方便的方法。