前概念对物理概念教学的影响及教学策略

物理概念是“整个物理学理论的基石”，是“物理思维的细胞”．学生对物理概念的掌握程度会直接影响到其物理学的学习质量，物理概念教学的重要性是不言而喻的．但是，物理概念教学却并非易事，一般来讲，它要受到诸多因素的影响和制约，其中，学生头脑中前概念的存在就是一个很重要的影     

谈谈初中物理教学中几个让师生“头疼”的问题

虽然初中生已经具备了一定的认知能力和思维水平,但是物理难学、物理难教一直是学生和教师普遍反映的问题．在初中物理教学中,存在着几个让师生都觉得“头疼”的老大难问题．笔者一直从事初中物理教学工作,常常受到这几个“难题”的困扰,现整理如下,和各位同仁探讨．     

掌握物理概念是学好物理学的关键

物理学作为一门自然科学已积累了大量的理论，定律和定义，我们学习和掌握物理知识的过程实际上是理解和掌握这些定理和定义的过程．物理定律的一个很大特点是它们包含了许多物理术语和概念，而物理定律实际上就是描述这些物理概念之间的某种本质的必然的内在联系．不少学生反映物理学难学，一个很大的原因就是不重视物理概念的掌握，因此，教师必须重视物理概念的教学，可从几个方面进行．     

谈物理实验教学中学生科学素质的培养

物理教学要实现由“应试教育”向素质教育的转轨，必须改单纯的“学科教育”为“科学教育”，即不仅要让学生掌握必要的物理知识，还要为学生的整体素质发展奠定必需的科学能力和科学品质的基础．笔者通过多年的教学实践和研究深刻地认识到，在物理教学中，加强实验教学是培养学生科学素质的重要途径和关键，也是物理学科实施素质教育的一个十分重要的方面．     

状态量、过程量概念的引入及应用

1　问题的引入物理学是研究物体最普遍的运动形式及物质基本结构的一门学科 ,在所有的基础学科中 ,学生普遍反映物理难学 .笔者在十多年的教学工作中发现 ,这主要是学生在对物理概念、物理量特性及物理规律的理解与掌握中 ,对一些问题未分清层次、阶段、类别 ,混在一起而造成的     

物理教学中引入物理学史的原则和方法

普通高中新课程标准提出提高学生科学素养和“过程与方法”的培养目标．物理学史体现了人类探索和逐步认识物理世界的过程和方法，所以，在物理教学中恰当介绍相关物理史实，有助于上述培养目标的实现．     

中专物理的美育

物理学是人类认识自然,改造自然最有力的武器,是自然科学的“领头羊”.但不少学生感到物理难学,这跟物理教学中忽视对物理科学美的思想教育不无关系.在应试教育的影响下,缺乏从审美的高度去揭示物理学内容和形式的美,导致学习乏味.引导学生在物理教学中逐步感到美的乐趣,提高对美的鉴赏能力和创造能力是物理教学的美育要求.     

大学物理实验教学改革初探

物理实验课是物理学教学的重要组成部分．通过物理实验教学,一方面加深了学生对物理理论知识的理解与掌握,激发学生学习物理知识的热情与兴趣;另一方面满足了学生在学习物理中所提出的许多理论联系实际的设想与创造需要,培养学生的创新与动手能力．在实践的过程中,     

物理公式教学"一、二、三"

物理教学中，常发现学生滥用或死套公式，无法正确地求解物理问题．因此，搞好公式教学是提高物理教学质量的关键．笔者结合多年的教学体会，总结出关于公式教学的“一个理解、二个掌握、三个注意”，经实践检验，效果很好，供同行们参考．     

应用数学知识解决物理习题应注意的问题

中学物理教学中运用数学知识解决物理问题的能力的培养,是使学生掌握学习、研究物理问题的重要方法和有力手段,但在运用数学方法研究物理问题时要很好地反映物理内容,才能加深学生对物理概念和规律的理解与灵活运用,提高分析问题,解决问题的能力. 1 把数学知识运用到物理公式中,要弄清公式的物理意义在物理学中,有些属于物质的某方面的属性或某种状态的物理概念是用“比值”的方式     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...