化学样品混样测试数学模型

建立了适用于化学样品检测的混样测试数学模型。提出以阳性样品检出率作为混样测试的前提条件,结果表明,阳性样品检出率小于30.8%时,可以进行混样测试。结合方法检出限、法规限量确定混样测试的最佳混样数。混样测试数学模型适用于化学样品的定量检测,可提高检测效率,节约检测成本。     

烟草中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的HPLC快速测定

建立了一种快速测定烟草中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素含量的高效液相色谱方法.样品用丙酮提取直接进样分析,叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的回收率分别为98.8%和99.4%,RSD均小于1.00%.该方法适用于大批量烟草样品的分析检测.     

火花源原子发射光谱法测定HO8A焊接用钢盘条中 碳、硅、锰、磷、硫含量的不确定度评定

采用线材样品专用夹具,自制盘条内控样品,采取连续激发模式,实现直径6.5 mm的H08A盘条样品火花源原子发射光谱分析,讨论其方法的不确定度因素. 并进行了H08A焊接用钢盘条样品中C、Si、Mn、P、S 5项元素的不确定度评定,分析结果的不确定度满足生产检测要求,方法适用于生产在线检测.     

香味文具挥发性成分的分析

介绍适用于香味文具的挥发性成分分析的各种技术,包括样品的前处理以及分离和检测的方法。其中顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法样品前处理简单,无需溶剂提取,色谱柱损害小,对于分析挥发性成分含量较低的香料样品效果很好。     

高效液相色谱法分离测定生物样品中吲哚类荧光化合物

本文提出一种用于吲哚类荧光化合物分离测定的高效液相色谱方法。本法采用２个洗脱液、固定柱温及荧光检测，检测灵敏度可达ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ级，方法重现性良好。适用于生物样品中吲哚类荧光化合物的测定，样品不需复杂的预处理，因而或节省时间，避免样品中微量成份的损失。     

生物样品中有毒重金属的快速检测与脱除技术研究进展

重金属在工业生产和生活实践中应用广泛,由其引发的中毒案件和事故时有发生。为了及时预防和治疗重金属中毒,亟需探究建立简便、快速的生物样品中重金属检测与脱除方法。然而由于生物样品的基质较为复杂,检测前通常需要繁琐的样品处理。近年来,固体进样等一系列技术迅速发展,在生物样品的快速直接分析中展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文详细评述了适用于生物样品中重金属的快速检测方法,总结了常用的生物体内重金属脱除技术,并对当前研究中的不足以及进一步的发展做了简要展望。     

石墨消解-ICP-MS法同时测定铜精矿中4种有害元素

为弥补标准检测方法的不足,建立了石墨消解-ICP-MS法同时检测铜精矿中Pb、Cd、As 和Hg等4种有害元素。确定了样品前处理和仪器分析条件。用铜精矿标准样品和参考样品分别进行7次重复实验,Pb、Cd和As的检测结果均在标准值范围内,Hg的检测结果与参考值基本一致。7次重复检测结果的变异系数符合GB/T 27417-2017《合格评定 化学分析方法确认和验证指南》要求。选择5种不同物相铜精矿作为待测样品,通过与标准方法比对,两种方法检测结果的绝对差符合标准方法的再现性要求,说明本方法适用于不同种类的铜精矿。本方法操作简单,可同时测定多种有害元素,实用性强。     

凝胶色谱净化超高效液相色谱法测定食品中10种工业染料

建立了测定食品中10种工业染料的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法.样品经提取后,采用凝胶色谱(GPC)净化后收集浓缩,以乙腈-0.1％甲酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,10种染料得到良好分离.10种染料线性关系良好,相关系数R2＞0.9992,其检出限为0.011～0.049 μg /mL;样品在低、中、高3个加标浓度下,10种染料的回收率为65.0％～107.2％.结果表明该方法适用于食品中10种工业染料的检测,其样品处理方法适用于各类食品,且检测灵敏度高,可实现食品中工业染料的快速测定.     

毛细管色谱测定工业糠醇含量

通过对工业糠醇各组分相对重量校正因子和样品进样区间的研究，建立了一种用毛细管气相色谱测定工业糠醇的方法。该方法准确、简便、快速，适用于糠醇生产企业质量控制及检测部门日常检测。     

闪蒸-气相色谱指纹图谱及系统聚类分析用于烟用香精香料的测定

采用闪蒸-气相色谱法(FE-GC)对不同黏度的烟用香精香料样品进行测定,考察了影响测定的主要因素。结果表明,0.40 mg样品在350 ℃下进行FE-GC分析,可以得到重现性良好的色谱图。与超声辅助液-液萃取-气相色谱法(ULLE-GC)分析结果的比较表明,FE-GC适用于不同黏度样品的分析。采用该法检测了中等黏度的烟用香精香料1184号8个批次样品,并建立其指纹图谱。利用系统聚类分析法可以明显区分1184号样品及掺兑10%～30%其他种类烟用香精香料的样品。FE-GC法简便、快速、灵敏,适用于不同黏度的烟用香精香料样品的检测和质量控制分析。     

气相色谱法测定生物柴油样品中脂肪酸甲酯和脂肪酸甘油酯的含量

建立了气相色潜测定生物柴油样品中脂肪酸甘油酯的方法、该方法不需对样品进行衍生化处理,以耐高温的毛细管柱作分析柱,采用冷柱头柱上进样,氢火焰离予化检测器检测,内标法定量,直接得到生物柴油制备工艺所得产物中脂肪酸甲酯、脂肪酸甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯的含量。     

Sample preparation for organic acids in biological fluids

A review of sample preparation methods for organic acids in biological fluids, in particular serum and urine, is presented. It covers techniques on organic acid determination without sample preparation, release of organic acids from binding locations, removal of proteins by protein precipitation and ultrafiltration, isolation of the organic acids by liquid-liquid and liquid-solid extraction, purification of the extract, derivatization and pre-fractionation. The various alternative sample preparation steps are compared and critically discussed. Examples of applications including profile analysis of organic acids by gas chromatography (GC), determination of particular organic acids by GC or liquid chromatography and determination of fatty acids as a distinct chemical class of acids demonstrate that the kind of sample preparation chosen depends strongly on the analytical aims.     

Rapid LC-UV-ESI-MS Method to Investigate the Industrial Preparation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides in Real-Time

The preparation of the 13-hydroperoxides of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids using crude soybean flour as the lipoxygenase source is a key step in the industrial process for the preparation of C6 flavor compounds with the natural legal status. A new LC-UV-ESI-MS method is described that allows the simultaneous determination of linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and their 13- and 9-hydroperoxides and hydroxides. Analysis is possible by injecting a crude sample taken directly from the reaction vessel. The analytes may be determined either by UV- or by negative ion mode MS-detection. The use of a single quadrupole mass spectrometer, operated with and without in-source collision-induced dissociation, allows a clear distinction between isomers. A modified version of the method allows the elution of all analytes in less than 5 min, at the expense of some chromatographic resolution. It is therefore suitable to the real-time monitoring of reaction progress. This approach was applied to investigate the effect of various preparation conditions on the yield.     

不同前处理制样方法对钢中氧、氮测定结果的影响

讨论了不同物理和化学制样方法对钢中氧、氮测定结果的影响。试验结果表明,物理制样采用锉刀打磨样品表面后剪切,再用乙醚清洗除去油污;化学制样先用20%盐酸溶液溶解样品表面氧化层,再用滴加了4滴30%过氧化氢的10%草酸溶液浸泡,取出后依次用水、无水乙醇浸洗,风干。用以上两种方法制样,钢标准样品中氧、氮含量测定值与标示值一致。在测定钢中氮含量时,可用乙醚清洗后直接测定,以缩短检测周期和减轻劳动强度。该研究结果可用于指导钢样品中氧、氮含量测定时样品的处理。     

Fast quantitative determination of melamine and its derivatives by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

A simple, sensitive and fast method for the determination of melamine and its derivatives in milk powder using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was developed. Neither time-consuming sample preparation, nor special target plates, or other extra equipment are necessary. The common matrix sinapinic acid (SA) was used with a dried-droplet preparation. Detection limits (signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio = 3) for standard solutions of melamine, ammeline and cyanuric acid were 10, 25 and 10 μg/L, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for melamine was 25 μg/L and excellent linearity (R(2): 0.9990) was maintained over the range of 10-2000 μg/L. Ammeline and cyanuric acid were analyzed with an LOQ of 50 μg/L and also excellent linearity (R(2): 0.9997 and R(2): 0.9998). Good accuracy and precision were obtained for all concentrations within the range of the standard curve. The developed method was successfully used for the determination of melamine, ammeline and cyanuric acid in milk powder samples with a simple sample preparation. The LOQ of melamine was 0.5 μg/g. Ammeline and cyanuric acid were detectable at 0.5 and 5 μg/g. This method showed excellent accuracy, precision and linearity and significantly reduces the needed analysis time, as only approximately 10 s/sample measuring time is required. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published method to quantify melamine and derivatives by MALDI-TOF-MS.     

An on-line solid phase extraction—Liquid chromatography—Tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of citalopram, fluvoxamine, and paroxetine in human plasma

Summary A specific and sensitive direct-injection high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS-MS) method has been developed for the rapid identification and quantitative determination of citalopram, fluvoxamine, and paroxetine in human plasma. After dilution with 0.1% formic acid, plasma samples were injected into the LC-MS-MS system. Proteins and other large biomolecules were removed during an on-line sample cleanup step. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation for all compounds were <11%. The total analysis time was 6 min per sample. The proposed method permits direct analysis of plasma samples without time-consuming sample preparation.     

连续滴定法测定铅精矿中的铅、铜

建立了铅精矿中主量元素铅和次量元素铜的连续滴定分析方法。将铅滴定分析中经硫酸沉淀分离后的滤液,再经硫酸冒烟,用去离子水溶解后,通过滴定法对铅精矿中高含量铜进行分析。该方法铅精矿中铅的检出限为1.4 mg/g,铜的检出限为1.0 mg/g。对3个实际样品中铅、铜分别进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于3.0%(n=7),铅的加标回收率为99.71%~100.19%,铜的加标回收率为99.33%~100.47%。该方法通过一次溶样,对铅精矿中的铅、铜连续进行滴定分析,方法快速、准确,适用于铅精矿中含量大于1.4%的铅和含量大于1.0%的铜的测定。     

A method for quantifying the unstable and highly polar drug nafamostat mesilate in human plasma with optimized solid-phase extraction and ESI-MS detection: more accurate evaluation for pharmacokinetic study

An advanced quantification method was developed with solid-phase extraction (SPE) and mass spectrometry (MS) determination for nafamostat, an unstable and highly polar drug, in human plasma. For unstable drugs with an ester group, the main analytical challenge is how to avoid the ester hydrolysis, and strong acid or alkaline conditions should be excluded during sample preparation. Considering that, we developed a relatively mild method with SPE for sample preparation without strong acid and alkaline treatment, which was optimized with different pHs and salt concentrations in phosphate-buffered saline treatment. The results indicated that pH 5 gave the most efficient extraction and 0.1 M salt concentration enhanced the extraction the most, with a minor effect on MS monitoring. The extraction method effectively avoided drug hydrolysis and achieved good drug enrichment over 82.2%. The linear range of quantification was 1.25–160 ng mL⁻¹. The stability of the drug in sample treatment was fully validated according to the sample processing procedure, including the stability in fresh blood, mobile phase, plasma and acidic methanol, and the results indicated that the drug remained stable during the whole sample preparation. Compared with a previous isotope-labeling method, more accurate and specific quantification of plasma concentration was achieved with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization MS determination. With use of our method, nafamostat mesilate pharmacokinetics in 30 Chinese healthy volunteers was investigated with three doses via intravenous-drip infusion. The pharmacokinetic parameters were also estimated and compared with those of Japanese volunteers (slightly lower plasma concentration and longer terminal elimination half-life for Chinese volunteers). The difference in the pharmacokinetics may be ascribed to the quantification method, because previous isotope labeling may have overestimated the parent drug.     

A simple and rapid CZE method for the analysis of mycophenolic acid and its phenol glucuronide metabolite in human serum

A simple and rapid capillary electrophoretic method was developed for simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid and its metabolite, phenol glucuronide, in human serum. The sample preparation in the proposed method required only the precipitation by acetonitrile. Separation was performed by capillary zone electrophoresis using 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) as running buffer, an applied voltage of 10 kV, and UV detection at 217 nm. Each serum sample analysis was completed within 15 min. The optimized method demonstrated good performance concerning specificity, linearity (r>0.9955), accuracy (95.9-113%), precision (<6.4%) and enough sensitivity for therapeutic drug monitoring. This method was successfully applied to measurements of mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid glucuronide in renal transplant patient samples and was a useful alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography-based methods.     

Analysis of polar organic micropollutants in water with ion chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry

The coupling of ion chromatography (IC) with electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) opens new ways for the determination of polar organic micropollutants in water samples. The technique of conductivity suppression has been found to reduce the background signal in the range of about two orders of magnitude leading to a significant increase in sensitivity. In addition, the formation of salt adducts has been avoided. The usefulness of this method was proven on several polar and environmentally relevant micropollutants such as the herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) and diacetonketogulonic acid (DAG). This present study has shown that IC-ES-MS is a simple, sensitive and quick method for the determination of these polar organic traces in water samples after separation on an anion-exchange column without any derivatization. In this work, several possibilities of applications of IC-ES-MS (with varying conditions) are presented. Analysis of glyphosate, AMPA, DAG and EDTA in ground and surface water has been achieved by IC-ES-MS without additional sample preparation at a concentration level of 1 microgram/l.