Ag-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的渗透阈研究

介绍了几种计算纳米金属颗粒镶嵌于陶瓷基体中而形成的复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜渗透阈的理论方法,分析了理论方法中所运用模型的特点及其精度.并将Landauer有效介质理论和Priou渗透阈理论应用于Ag-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的渗透阈计算,所得值分别为0.08和0.14(Ag的体积分数),按Priou渗透阈理论计算的结果与实验结果相符.最后讨论了影响复合金属陶瓷薄膜体系渗透阈的主要因素.     

Ag-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的渗透阈研究

介绍了几种计算纳米金属颗粒镶嵌于陶瓷基体中而形成的复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜渗透阈的理论方法，分析了理论方法中所运用模型的特点及其精度.并将Landauer有效介质理论和Priou渗透阈理论应用于Ag-MgF₂复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的渗透阈计算，所得值分别为0.08和0.14(Ag的体积分数)，按Priou渗透阈理论计算的结果与实验结果相符.最后讨论了影响复合金属陶瓷薄膜体系渗透阈的主要因素. 关键词： 2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜')" href="#">Ag-MgF₂复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜 渗透阈理论 渗透阈     

荷电膜渗透传质过程的计算机模拟：一价离子的传递

以渗透理论的方法研究一价离子通过荷电膜的传质机理,用计算机编程模拟一价带电离子通过荷电膜的过程以研究荷电膜中导电性能和荷电组分含量的关系.模拟结果表明,对于二维格栅体系在荷电组分含量为0.4～0.6时,膜导电性能存在渗透突跃现象;而对于三维格栅体系则在0.1～0.2时存在渗透突跃现象,此结果和MontoCarlo的二维、三维随机模拟结果比较接近.由于实际的荷电膜也可看作为三维格栅体系,因此,可用三维格栅体系程序对不同荷电分率膜的电导数据进行拟合,结果表明,对于实际的磺化聚苯硫醚(SPPS)/聚醚砜(PES)共混膜,当荷电组分SPPS的分率达到0.144时,共混膜即会从不良导体变为良导体,显然该值落在理论值0.1～0.2,因此,理论模拟结果与实际荷电膜传质的实验数据相吻合.     

有机自旋器件磁性渗透层中双极化子对自旋极化输运的影响

根据实验发现的有机器件如Co/有机半导体/La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃中磁性原子渗透现象, 利用自旋漂移-扩散方程, 理论研究了磁性渗透层中极化子-双极化子的转化对自旋极化输运的影响. 研究发现: 磁性渗透层具有不同于纯净有机层的迁移率和自旋反转时间, 都将影响极化子-双极化子的转化, 进而影响自旋极化的输运; 在磁性渗透层中极化子自旋反转时间的劈裂是引起自旋弛豫的主要因素, 而极化子和双极化子之间的转化是重要因素.     

双稳系统的频率耦合与随机共振机理

分析了处于双势阱中的粒子在单一频率信号和双频信号作用下的运动形式,给出在双频信号作用下双稳系统的响应幅值与激励幅值的近似解析关系,揭示了非线性系统所特有的不同频率之间的频率耦合现象和激励输入的频率能量向另一频率转移的渗透现象.从动力学机理和频谱分布的角度进行分析,深化了对双稳系统随机共振机理的认识.数值仿真结果证明了理论分析的有效性.     

壁面渗透燃烧微燃烧器结构参数优化实验研究

针对一种圆柱多孔壁面组织渗透燃烧微尺度燃烧器,本文在甲烷/空气不同燃料当量比和混合气流量下,对比实验了关键参数燃烧室内径(d)和燃烧室高度(h)变化对燃烧器性能的影响.结果表明随燃烧室内径减小,吹熄极限速度显著下降,烟气平均温度升高,同时壁面温度下降;燃烧室高度减小,可燃烧极限当量比和淬熄极限速度均增大;在高径比h/d接近1时,烟气平均温度最高,壁面最高温度不变,大流量下壁面温度降低更快.因此,当缩小壁面渗透微燃烧器时,为防止燃烧效率降低和热损失增加,应优先缩小内径并保持高径比接近1.0.     

颗粒堆的体积分数与制备流量关系的实验研究

通过实验研究发现,颗粒堆的体积分数随制备颗粒堆的颗粒流流量指数衰减,减小或增加流量到一定程度时,体积分数都达到饱和;出料口直径与颗粒粒径的比值小到一临界值时,随着流量的减小体积分数增加急剧变缓;颗粒粒径小到一临界值时,随着流量的增加,体积分数的减小急剧变缓.结合颗粒物质的强耗散性、空气作用、瓶颈效应和碰撞理论解释了实验现象,从连续性原理出发推出的颗粒堆体积分数随制备流量变化的函数与实验数据的拟合公式相同.     

n型硅微尖场发射电子能谱的模拟计算

结合金属的场发射电子能谱,模拟计算了场渗透对n型半导体硅微尖的场发射能谱的影响,并与n型硅微尖的场发射能谱实验结果进行了比较,讨论了模拟计算误差的来源。计算结果表明电场渗透现象导致硅的场发射能谱向低能方向偏移,表面电场越高,能谱的偏移量越大,其偏移程度可超过1eV。导致硅微尖的场发射能谱偏移的主要因素是半导体的场渗透现象。     

采用阴/阳极通流的热再生氨电池性能

构建采用阴/阳极通流的穿透电极型热再生氨电池(Thermally Regenerative Ammonia-based Battery,TRAB),并研究了电解液/氨流量比、氨浓度、电极孔隙和支持电解质浓度对电池性能的影响.结果 表明,电解液/氨流量比过低会导致氨渗透,恶化阴极性能,进而降低电池性能;通过增大流量比,可加强传质提升电池功率.一定流量比下,随氨浓度增加,电池性能逐渐提升,但过高浓度会引起氨渗透,恶化电池性能.电极孔隙密度越大,电极反应表面积越大,电池性能提升.随硫酸铵浓度增大,电解质电导率不断增大,电池性能逐渐提升,在高浓度(＞2 mol.L-1)下,浓度增大对电池性能提升不明显.     

陶瓷—金属复合体系氢同位素渗透模型

在陶瓷（玻璃或氧化物）材料中氢同位素分子扩散的１次方定律和金属材料中原子扩散的１／２次方定律的基础上建立了双层介质扩散模型，推导出氢浓度分布函数，镀膜复合体的氢渗透速率以及渗透速率对驱动氢压的幂指数表达式，讨论了稳态氢渗透速率随膜厚，测量温度，驱动氢压变化的规律，根据实验测量的镀膜复合体的渗透速率，稳态渗透速率对驱动氢压依赖关系的幂指数大小，得以了膜材本身的渗透，扩散，溶解等热力学参数，同时估算了     

Lattice gas simulations of osmosis

An analysis of the phenomenon of osmosis within the lattice gas model is presented. The model considered is a two-species version of the Frisch-Hasslacher-Pomeau model with rest particles and a semipermeable membrane which is implemented as a boundary that blocks one species, but lets the other pass freely. In this way the equilibrium between a pure and a mixed subsystem can be studied. Analytic expressions for both the pressure difference and the fluctuations of this quantity are obtained from the entropy function for the lattice gas, and we find that these results are in good agreement with those obtained from simulation. The osmotic flow across the membrane is also studied. We characterize the concentration boundary layer, and an analytic expression for the osmotic permeability as a function of porosity is compared with results from simulations.     

Molecular understanding of osmosis in semipermeable membranes

We investigate single-file osmosis of water through a semipermeable membrane with an uncharged, a positively and a negatively charged nanopore. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the osmotic flux through a negatively charged pore (J_) is higher compared to the osmotic flux in a positively charged pore (J+) followed by the osmotic flux in the uncharged pore (J(0)), i.e., J_ > J+ > J(0). The molecular mechanisms governing osmosis, steady state osmosis, and the observed osmotic flux dependence on the nanopore charge are explained by computing all the molecular interactions involved and identifying the molecular interactions that play an important role during and after osmosis. This study helps in a fundamental understanding of osmosis and in the design of advanced nanoporous membranes for various applications of osmosis.     

Visualization of shock-vortex interaction radiating acoustic waves

Unsteady compressible flow fields past a wedge and a cone, evolved by propagation and interaction of shock waves, slip lines, and vortices, are studied by shadowgraphs and holographic interferograms taken during the shock tube experiment. The supplementary numerical calculation also presented time-accurate solution of the shock wave physics which was essential to recognize the similarity and dissimilarity between the wedge and the conical flows. The decelerated shock detained by the vortex interacts with the small vortexlets along the slip layer, producing diverging acoustics: this phenomenon is more distinct in the case of wedge flow for a given shock Mach number. The decelerated shock penetrated through the vortex core constitutes a transmitted shock, which eventually merges with the diaphragm shock that bridges the vortex pair/vortex ring. This phenomenon became remarkably salient in the case of conical flow.     

基于信息化技术的大学物理实验教学改革与探索

实验课程是提高大学生应用能力的一种重要手段。但近年来,一些高校的学生实验课成绩却出现了整体下滑的现象。为了进一步促进大学实验教学的改革与提升,本文对内蒙古工业大学五十余个专业近五年的物理实验课成绩进行了抽样分析。分析结果表明,实验教学内容更新缓慢,学生对物理实验的重视程度不够、实验本身吸引力欠缺、教法改进不足等都是导致学生成绩下滑的重要因素。针对这些问题给出了改进大学物理实验教学的方法和建议。     

大学物理理论与现象相结合的教学最佳模式的探索

本文结合教学工作实际指出物理演示实验是大学物理理论与现象相结合的教学最佳模式,在大学物理教学中起着积极的推进作用。针对农业院校学时有限、任务繁重的特点,给出了一种开展物理演示实验教学的新模式。     

对小孔泄漏振荡演示实验的研究

对小孔泄漏演示实验给出了物理解释,分析了引起小孔泄漏振荡的原因：液体系统由于浓度差产生的自由能的降低是不同浓度液体之间相互渗透的动力,由于液体黏性的存在使得液体通过小孔的渗流只能单向发生,以及在小孔附近两侧的压力差控制着渗流的流向．     

氢化多孔石墨烯反渗透特性及机理分析

单层石墨烯凭借超薄的厚度和优异的力学化学防污性能,成为新一代纳滤膜材料的最佳选择之一.本文采用经典分子动力学方法,研究了氢化多孔石墨烯反渗透膜对盐水的反渗透特性.结果表明,水渗透量会随着驱动力、孔径和温度的增加而增加;而孔径大于水合半径的条件下,盐离子截留率会随驱动力和温度的增加而降低.当反渗透膜和盐水存在切向运动时,随着切向速度的增加可以有效提高盐离子截留率和减弱浓差极化现象,但也在一定程度上牺牲了水通量.通过分析水流沿渗透方向的能障分布、水分子的氢键分布和离子水合状态,解释了各参数变化对盐水在氢化多孔石墨烯中反渗透特性的影响机理.研究结果将提供基于单层多孔石墨烯反渗透特性的理论认识,并将为纳米级反渗透膜的设计提供帮助.     

孪生子效应析疑

说明孪生子效 一个实验上和理论上都已解决了问题，通过一个具的例阐明孪生子效应的物理本质，从而指出不能观测到“返老还童”的现象，并对享生长子效应与广义相对的关系作一些讨论。     

Lorenz混沌系统的分析与电路实现

利用Matlab的数值计算和Multisim的电路模型分析和实现著名的Lorenz混沌系统,观察Lorenz混沌吸引子,加深对混沌现象的认识,可将混沌理论与实验引入到大学物理实验教学项目中。     

The use of ultrasound to reduce internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis

Unlike reverse osmosis (RO) that is dominated by the hydraulic pressure differential, forward osmosis (FO) uses the osmotic pressure gradient as the driving force between a dilute feed solution and a concentrated draw solution across a membrane. High pressure is not required in FO, which means that FO can be used as an alternative to RO as an energy-saving separation process in desalination technology. However, a major limiting factor of the FO process is the internal concentration polarization (ICP). Because of the stagnant environment inside the porous supporting layer of a FO membrane, it is difficult to mitigate the ICP by simply increasing the shear stress or promoting turbulence. In this study, the ICP is reduced by ultrasound. The effect of the ultrasound frequency and output power on the ICP coefficient is investigated in a flat-sheet FO membrane module with counter-current flow. The ultrasound frequency and output power are varied between 25, 45, and 72 kHz and over the range of 10–70 W, respectively. NaCl solution is used as both the feed and draw solution. The results illustrate that moderate ultrasonic irradiation is effective for reducing the ICP in a FO process. A modified solution–diffusion model based on film theory is used to assess the effect of ultrasound on the ICP in a FO process. The ICP coefficient is estimated using this model.