安培环路定律实验设计

提出了一种用自制的测磁装置研究安培环路定律的实验方案． 回线积分∮Ｂ·ｄｌ的值与μ０ＩＮ 的值符合程度在２％ 之内     

演示实验设计原则纵横说

本文对演示实验的改革进行了探讨．并就演示实验设计的纵向发展原则、横向发展原则、形象性原则及科学性原则做了具体阐述．     

泊肃叶(Poiseuille)定律的实验研究

用实验得到了流经管子的气体流量与管子长度及半径的关系 ,直接验证了泊肃叶定律的正确性     

谈基础物理的渗透式教学

构建新型课堂教学模式是提高教学质量、推进素质教育的重要环节和有效途径．文章以万有引力定律的讲解为例，阐明在基础物理教学中，如何结合知识内容，对科学精神、学科前沿、学科交叉、方法思路及学科发展等进行全面渗透，以促进教学质量的全面提高．     

γ放射源强度平方反比定律验证实验设计

探测器是有一定几何结构的,直接测量不同距离的辐射强度,结果会与理论值有较大误差.在辐照强度平方反比定律验证实验中,给探测器设计一个合适的准直器可以有效减少射线入射角度差别带来的距离不确定对实验结果的影响,可以大大提高测量结果准确度.可以通过蒙特卡罗方法设计核物理实验、设计符合条件的准直器,用模拟实验来确定准直器最佳的外半径、厚度、开孔大小等参数.最后,加工制作出准直器,用这种准直器、放射源和探测器进行实验测量,验证是否符合平方反比定律.     

潮汐现象的成因

讨论了引潮力的成因，太阳的引潮力与月亮的引潮力的相对大小，并对潮汐现象的一些规律和影响因素作了简要介绍。     

物理学与社会科学的渗透和融合刍议

当今社会，为了解决环境、生态、能源、人口等问题，愈来愈多的人进行了认真探索．人类的科学研究正走向解决上述问题的统一，自然科学与社会科学的研究正在渗透和融合．     

两维光子晶体狄拉克点赝扩散现象实验设计与研究

论文主要介绍了利用微波光子晶体平台对狄拉克点处的光子输运行为展开的实验和仿真研究。利用氧化铝陶瓷柱,分别构造了蜂窝晶格光子晶体和正方晶格光子晶体实验样品,研究了两者在各自的狄拉克点和类狄拉克点处透射率随实验样品长度的变化关系。分析表明,该处频率的透过率和样品长度的乘积基本保持不变,即透过率与长度成反比关系。该结果证明了狄拉克点和类狄拉克点处存在赝扩散现象。微波实验结果和仿真结果相一致,表明了该平台的可靠性。     

Ag-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的渗透阈研究

介绍了几种计算纳米金属颗粒镶嵌于陶瓷基体中而形成的复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜渗透阈的理论方法,分析了理论方法中所运用模型的特点及其精度.并将Landauer有效介质理论和Priou渗透阈理论应用于Ag-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的渗透阈计算,所得值分别为0.08和0.14(Ag的体积分数),按Priou渗透阈理论计算的结果与实验结果相符.最后讨论了影响复合金属陶瓷薄膜体系渗透阈的主要因素.     

膜层渗透产生短波通截止滤光片半波孔现象的分析

半波孔现象的出现会极大地影响短波通截止滤光片的光谱性能,已有文献报道膜料色散、膜层折射率非均匀性以及膜厚控制误差积累等是产生半波孔现象的几个可能因素。本文通过模拟计算发现膜层间的相互渗透也是产生半波孔现象的重要原因之一,分析表明不同的渗透模式对半波孔现象的形成及大小具有不同的影响。     

Lattice gas simulations of osmosis

An analysis of the phenomenon of osmosis within the lattice gas model is presented. The model considered is a two-species version of the Frisch-Hasslacher-Pomeau model with rest particles and a semipermeable membrane which is implemented as a boundary that blocks one species, but lets the other pass freely. In this way the equilibrium between a pure and a mixed subsystem can be studied. Analytic expressions for both the pressure difference and the fluctuations of this quantity are obtained from the entropy function for the lattice gas, and we find that these results are in good agreement with those obtained from simulation. The osmotic flow across the membrane is also studied. We characterize the concentration boundary layer, and an analytic expression for the osmotic permeability as a function of porosity is compared with results from simulations.     

The use of ultrasound to reduce internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis

Unlike reverse osmosis (RO) that is dominated by the hydraulic pressure differential, forward osmosis (FO) uses the osmotic pressure gradient as the driving force between a dilute feed solution and a concentrated draw solution across a membrane. High pressure is not required in FO, which means that FO can be used as an alternative to RO as an energy-saving separation process in desalination technology. However, a major limiting factor of the FO process is the internal concentration polarization (ICP). Because of the stagnant environment inside the porous supporting layer of a FO membrane, it is difficult to mitigate the ICP by simply increasing the shear stress or promoting turbulence. In this study, the ICP is reduced by ultrasound. The effect of the ultrasound frequency and output power on the ICP coefficient is investigated in a flat-sheet FO membrane module with counter-current flow. The ultrasound frequency and output power are varied between 25, 45, and 72 kHz and over the range of 10–70 W, respectively. NaCl solution is used as both the feed and draw solution. The results illustrate that moderate ultrasonic irradiation is effective for reducing the ICP in a FO process. A modified solution–diffusion model based on film theory is used to assess the effect of ultrasound on the ICP in a FO process. The ICP coefficient is estimated using this model.     

颜色转盘光学现象的实验研究

利用可调转速的单瓣黑白颜色转盘在频闪光源照明下获得了稳定的图案 ,研究发现图案的形状和颜色分布反映了光源的频率和 1个周期内的颜色变化     

Experimental and numerical study of a vibro-impact phenomenon in a gearshift cable

This paper presents a study of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a gearshift cable and more specifically of the associated tizzing phenomenon. A gearshift cable is composed of an inner wire that can slide freely in an outer composite housing. When undergoing harmonic excitation, the inner wire interacts with the housing. Hammer and swept sine shaker tests are first used to estimate the characteristics of the two main components. It is shown that the behavior of the outer housing is nonlinear and depends on the amplitude of the excitation. The assembled gearshift cable is then set up on the shaker and the nonlinear vibro-impacting phenomenon is studied. Finally a finite element model, based on the Euler-Bernoulli beams and the Rayleigh damping coefficients, proves to offer good correlation with the measured data for different excitation frequencies. A period doubling bifurcation is observed both experimentally and numerically.     

超声复合振动系统中的“局部共振”现象实验研究

本从实验的角度出发,对超声复合振动系统中细长杆的“局部共振”现象进行了较为精确的测量,主要研究了细杆长度与谐振频率之间的关系,超声振子对“局部共振”的影响,以及“局部共振”中细杆长度对振幅的影响,从而为深入研究“局部共振”现象产生的机理提供了更多的依据。     

修正采样定理与周期现象的实验研究方法

信号与系统理论中的采样定理,要求采样时区无限宽,采样数据无限多,这是一种理想化情况.实际采样时区宽度和采样数据量只能有限,采样定理难以用来探索物理量随时间变化的规律.结合物理学实验研究的需要,我们提出了修正采样定理.利用修正采样定理和周期物理量的有限多个采样数据,可以准确捕获周期物理量的演化规律.方法是,取尽可能小的采样周期Ts和尽可能多的观测次数N.观测周期物理量产生N个采样数据,先找出物理量的周期T.然后通过重复观测来调整Ts和N,使NTs/T等于整数.计算采样数据的频谱Xs(f),利用修正采样定理和Xs(f),快速得到周期物理量的频谱X(f).依据X(f)重建周期物理量随时间变化的规律.以大摆角单摆为例,展示研究周期现象规律的方法和过程.     

演示流体压强与流速关系的实验装置

利用有机玻璃管、吸管、泡沫球等简易材料自制了演示流体压强与流速关系的实验装置。该装置有效地解决了小球随意滚动、吹气方向不固定等问题。实验用泡沫球代替乒乓球,并将其放置在玻璃管中放置,使实验过程不受外界空气影响,且较轻的泡沫球更易运动,实验效果更明显。利用该原理还自制了模拟非洲草原犬鼠洞穴的演示装置,有趣且直观地演示了犬鼠洞穴中的气体流向。     

Glasma flux tubes and the near side ridge phenomenon at RHIC

We investigate the consequences of long range rapidity correlations in the Glasma. Particles produced locally in the transverse plane are correlated by approximately boost invariant flux tubes of longitudinal color electric and magnetic fields that are formed when two sheets of Colored Glass Condensate pass through one another, each acquiring a modified color charge density in the collision. We argue that such long range rapidity correlations persist during the evolution of the Quark–Gluon Plasma formed later in the collision. When combined with transverse flow, these correlations reproduce many of the features of the recently observed ridge events in heavy ion collisions at RHIC.     

Investigation of the unstable flow phenomenon in a pump turbine

Instability of pump turbine with S-shaped curve is characterized by large fluctuations of rotational speed during the transient processes.For investigating this phenomenon,a numerical model based on the dynamic sliding mesh method(DSSM)is presented and used to numerically solve the 3D transient flow which is characterized by the variable rotation speed of runner.The method is validated by comparison with measured data for a load rejection process in a prototype pump turbine.The results show that the calculated rotation speed agrees well with the experimental data.Based on the validated model,simulations were performed for the runaway process using an artificially assumed operating condition under which the unstable rotation speed is expected to appear.The results confirm that the instability of runner rotational speed can be effectively captured with the proposed method.Presented results include the time history profiles of unit flow rate and unit rotating speed.The internal flow characteristics in a typical unstable period are discussed in detail and the mechanism of the unstable hydraulic phenomenon is explained.Overall,the results suggest that the method presented here can be a viable alternative to predict the dynamic characteristics of pump turbines during transient processes.     

高压氦气平行极板击穿电压实验研究

为获得高温气冷堆核电站电气设备绝缘设计所需基础数据, 本文设计了一套测量高压氦气绝缘性能的装置. 利用该装置进行了15-20 ℃, 0.1-7 MPa氦气, 间距0.25, 0.35, 0.5 mm平行极板击穿实验. 实验表明: 氦气的绝缘性能远低于空气; 气压越高, 氦气的击穿电压越大, 3.0 MPa氦气的击穿电压与常压空气基本一致; 根据低气压实验数据和巴申定律推导的公式, 在高气压下计算值偏大, 且偏差随着气压和间距乘积的增大不断增大; 提出了可计算0.1-7 MPa氦气击穿电压的简易公式, 同时修正了高气压氦气的巴申公式, 并进行了理论分析.