基于萘酰亚胺的生物硫醇探针的合成及对含硫醇氨基酸的检测

合成了以4-羟基萘酰亚胺为荧光团,2,4-二硝基苯磺酰氧基为特异性识别基团的生物硫醇探针4-(2,4-二硝基苯磺酰氧基)-正丁基-1,8-萘酰亚胺(DNSBN).吸收光谱和荧光光谱结果表明, DNSBN对半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)3种生物硫醇分子具有高效的检测识别能力,不受其它17种天然氨基酸的干扰.同时,通过荧光滴定实验证实了此探针是一种比率型探针,555 nm处的荧光强度与溶液中的生物硫醇分子浓度在0 ~ 20 μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,对Cys、Hcy和GSH的检出限(3σ)分别为25.9、92.0和77.9 nmol/L.而吸收光谱、荧光光谱和质谱表征数据显示,生物硫醇与2,4-二硝基苯磺酸酯发生亲核取代反应并导致磺酸酯的分解.随着识别基团的解离,探针分子的d-PeT (donor-excited photoinduced electron transfer) 效应被解除,并出现非常明显的比色与荧光变化.HeLa细胞成像实验表明,探针DNSBN具有良好的生物相容性,能够对细胞外源性生物硫醇分子进行检测.     

一种“硫醇-色烯点击反应”的荧光探针的合成及应用

本文设计合成了一种基于硫醇-色烯点击反应的荧光探针CHMPC-Ac,用于半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的识别检测.这些生物硫醇因巯基的强亲核性而与探针的不饱和酮发生迈克尔加成反应,导致色烯分子开环等分子内级联反应,生成具有强荧光的香豆素衍生物,分别使荧光强度增强107、69和66倍. CHMPC-Ac具有灵敏度高(Cys:15 nM; Hcy:26 nM; GSH:22 nM)和响应快(Cys:20 s; Hcy:50 s; GSH:30 s)等优点,并已应用于HepG 2细胞和斑马鱼体内生物硫醇的识别检测.     

基于黄酮醇的高选择性半胱氨酸荧光探针的合成及性能研究

报道了一种基于4’-二乙氨基黄酮醇、以丙烯酸酯为半胱氨酸(Cys)反应基团的荧光增强型探针A1,对Cys的检测响应快速(5 min内),能有效识别区分另外两种含巯基生物分子高半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)。探针溶液荧光强度与加入的Cys浓度呈线性相关,拟合方程为y=6.894x+0.8409(R~2=0.9973),检测限为1×10~(-7)mol/L。加入Cys后,探针溶液由浅色变为亮黄色,在自然光条件下实现对Cys的比色检测。检测机理推测为Cys对A1中的丙烯酰基进行了共轭加成并使酯键断裂,使荧光母体得到释放从而产生增强的荧光信号。探针A1可用于活细胞内对Cys的荧光成像分析。     

基于新型不对称BODIPY的GSH荧光探针

本文通过在BODIPY母体中引入丙二腈,设计合成了一个新型不对称BODIPY荧光染料CN-B-Cl。由于丙二腈强吸电作用,荧光染料CN-B-Cl具有优异的化学活性,能够与含巯基的化合物在buffer体系中迅速发生芳香亲核取代反应;与GSH反应生成硫取代BODIPY,而与Cys/Hcy反应生成氮取代BODIPY。根据不同取代基BODIPY化合物发光性能的不同,该荧光探针可选择性区分GSH与Cys/Hcy。     

一种基于罗丹明类似物的Cys近红外荧光探针

基于罗丹明类似物作为荧光团合成了一例新型半胱氨酸(Cys)近红外荧光探针CS-Cys.该探针能特异性识别Cys,其他含巯基氨基酸不与探针响应,响应机理为:Cys与CS-Cys分子中的丙烯酸酯发生共轭加成-环化反应,进而羟基裸露并释放出荧光.通过对CS-Cys与Cys在不同pH环境中反应后的荧光变化进行研究,发现通过改变溶液pH值可调节给电子基的供电子能力和荧光团ICT过程,从而使荧光激发波长和发射波长达到近红外区域.     

高选择性半胱氨酸探针的设计、合成及光谱性质研究

合成了一种新型的裸眼识别半胱氨酸(Cys)的荧光探针,可以专一性地识别半胱氨酸而不受同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和其它氨基酸的影响。研究结果表明:探针与Cys作用后,溶液颜色由无色变为黄色,紫外吸收光谱红移约32 nm,同时荧光强度淬灭,荧光光谱红移约75 nm,可实现裸眼检测。     

选择性生物小分子硫醇荧光探针的研究进展

谷胱甘肽(GSH)、半胱氨酸(Cys)和高半胱氨酸(Hcy)作为生物体内含量较高的生物硫醇,在生物系统中起着重要作用。近年来,生物与环境样品中小分子生物硫醇的检测引起科学家们极大的兴趣,生物硫醇荧光探针和比色传感器得到快速发展。同时,作为更加精确的检测手段,选择性生物硫醇荧光探针的研究也得到了极大的关注。本文根据选择性生物硫醇荧光探针与生物硫醇的反应机理:醛基环化反应、丙烯酸酯加成环化反应、自然的化学连接反应、芳环取代重排反应和亲核加成-亲核取代反应,综述了近年来选择生物硫醇荧光探针的设计、合成与应用进展。     

基于香豆素的比率荧光传感器对同型半胱氨酸/半胱氨酸的检测及生物成像（英文）

利用生物硫醇独特的亲核性,报道了基于香豆素的荧光传感器C1和C2,可实现对半胱氨酸和同型半胱氨酸的检测.化合物C1对Hcy/Cys表现出明显的荧光增强响应.通过结构的微调,设计并合成了比率荧光传感器C2.在化合物C2的溶液中加入Hcy/Cys之后,溶液的最大发射峰蓝移了近100 nm,最大吸收光谱蓝移了近95 nm.传感器C2具有较高的选择性,对Hcy的响应远远大于对Cys、GSH及其他氨基酸的响应.传感器C2对Hcy有较高的灵敏度,检出限低达2.8×10~(-7)mol/L.并且,化合物C2可以穿透细胞膜,用于HeLa细胞中Hcy的比率荧光成像.     

一种新型快速检测半胱氨酸的荧光探针EI北大核心CSCD

基于三苯胺母体的强供电子能力,设计合成了一种共轭性良好的新型半胱氨酸(Cys)荧光探针。采用荧光光谱法和紫外-可见光谱法研究了目标探针T-Probe对半胱氨酸(Cys)的光谱响应。结果表明:目标探针分子与Cys作用后,荧光发射波长有约20 nm红移,荧光强度发生明显的增强,在365 nm紫外灯下,溶液由青色变为蓝色;探针分子选择性识别Cys的检测限为98.4 nmol/L,且灵敏度较高。     

一种基于硝基烯烃的硫醇荧光探针的合成及生物成像研究

生命体内小分子硫醇,如半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH),在多种生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用.以氟硼二吡咯(BODIPY)为荧光团,硝基烯烃为识别基团,经三步简单有机合成,构建了一个打开型硫醇荧光探针.密度泛函理论计算结果表明,硝基通过光诱导电子转移(PET)机制淬灭BODIPY荧光.光谱测试结果表明,探针与硫醇发生迈克尔加成反应,响应迅速,选择性好,灵敏度高,对GSH的检测极限低至11×10~(-9) mol/L.荧光共聚焦成像结果表明,探针可用于HeLa细胞和斑马鱼内源生物硫醇荧光成像研究.     

A multisite-binding fluorescent probe for simultaneous monitoring of mitochondrial homocysteine,cysteine and glutathione in live cells and zebrafish

Homocysteine(Hcy), cysteine(Cys) and glutathione(GSH) play crucial roles in redox homeostasis during mitochondria functions. Simultaneous differentiation and visualization of mitochondrial biothiols dynamics are significant for understanding cell metabolism and their related diseases. Herein, a multisitebinding fluorescent probe(MCP) was developed for simultaneous sensing of mitochondrial Cys, GSH and Hcy from three fluorescence channels for the first time. This novel probe exhibited rapid fluor...     

A Multi‐signal Fluorescent Probe with Multiple Binding Sites for Simultaneous Sensing of Cysteine,Homocysteine, and Glutathione

A novel fluorescent probe was developed by integrating chlorinated coumarin and benzothiazolylacetonitrile and exploited for simultaneous detection of cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH). Featuring four binding sites and different reaction mechanisms for different biothiols, this probe exhibited rapid fluorescence turn‐on for distinguishing Cys, Hcy, and GSH with 108‐, 128‐, 30‐fold fluorescence increases at 457, 559, 529 nm, respectively, across different excitation wavelengths. Furthermore, the probe was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of endogenous Cys and GSH and exogenous Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living cells.     

A Multi‐signal Fluorescent Probe with Multiple Binding Sites for Simultaneous Sensing of Cysteine,Homocysteine, and Glutathione

A novel fluorescent probe was developed by integrating chlorinated coumarin and benzothiazolylacetonitrile and exploited for simultaneous detection of cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH). Featuring four binding sites and different reaction mechanisms for different biothiols, this probe exhibited rapid fluorescence turn‐on for distinguishing Cys, Hcy, and GSH with 108‐, 128‐, 30‐fold fluorescence increases at 457, 559, 529 nm, respectively, across different excitation wavelengths. Furthermore, the probe was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of endogenous Cys and GSH and exogenous Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living cells.     

Development of a Small Molecule Probe Capable of Discriminating Cysteine,Homocysteine, and Glutathione with Three Distinct Turn‐On Fluorescent Outputs

The simultaneous discrimination of Cys, Hcy, and GSH by a single probe is still an unmet challenge. The design and synthesis of a small molecule probe MeO‐BODIPY‐Cl (BODIPY=boron dipyrromethene) is presented, which can allow Cys, Hcy, and GSH to be simultaneously discriminated on the basis of three distinct fluorescence turn‐on responses. The probe reacts with these thiols to form sulfenyl‐substituted BODIPY, which is followed by intramolecular displacement to yield amino‐substituted BODIPY. The kinetic rate of the intramolecular displacement reaction determines the observed different sensing behavior. Therefore, the probe responds to Cys, Hcy, and GSH with fluorescence turn‐on colors of yellow, yellow and red, and red, respectively. With this promising feature in hand, the probe was successfully used in imaging of Cys, Hcy and GSH in living cells.     

Construction of a Selective Fluorescent Probe for GSH Based on a Chloro‐Functionalized Coumarin‐enone Dye Platform

Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular biothiol, protects cellular components from damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and plays a crucial role in human pathologies. A fluorescent probe that can selectively sense intracellular GSH would be very valuable for understanding of its biological functions and mechanisms of diseases. In this work, a 3,4‐dimethoxythiophenol‐substituted coumarin‐enone was exploited as a reaction‐type fluorescent probe for GSH based on a chloro‐functionalized coumarin‐enone platform. In the probe, the 3,4‐dimethoxythiophenol group functions not only as a fluorescence quencher through photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to ensure a low background fluorescence, but also as a reactive site for biothiols. The probe displays a dramatic fluorescence turn‐on response toward GSH with the long‐wavelength emission (600 nm) and significant Stokes shift (100 nm). The selectivity of the probe toward GSH over cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and other amino acids was demonstrated. Assisted by laser‐scanning confocal microscopy, we have demonstrated that the probe could specifically sense GSH over Cys/Hcy in human renal cell carcinoma SiHa cells.     

Rational design of a bifunctional fluorescent probe for distinguishing Hcy/Cys from GSH with ideal properties

By pairing two fluoropho res according to their optical prope rties such as absorption spectral overlap and absorptivity,fluorescent quantum yield and emission spectral separation,a bifunctional fluorescent probe,TQBF-NBD,was rationally designed and synthesized to discriminatively sense Hcy/Cys and GSH with good selectivity and sensitivity.It is noted that this probe could work under a single-wave length excitation and displayed a mega-large Stokes shift.TQBF-NBD reacted with Hcy/Cys to give a mixed green-red fluorescence and displayed a red fluorescence upon the treatment with GSH.Distinguishable imaging of intracellular Hcy/Cys from GSH with the help of TQBF-NBD was realized in living cells and zebrafish.     

Rearrangement regulated cysteine fluorescent probe for cellular oxidative stress evaluation induced by copper(II)

Cysteine (Cys) plays an important role in regulating cellular redox balance. But due to the constant changes in the concentration of Cys in organisms, fast response sensors are urgent required for practical application. In this work, a fluorescent probe with a fast response was developed by linking coumarin derivatives containing α,β-unsaturated ketones to NBD. The PET effect made the system non-fluorescent. When the probe reacted with Cys, the bond between the coumarin derivative and the NBD was cut off, meanwhile a rapid rearrangement and reactive site passivation occurred. Then two fluorophores with the same emission peak are released, among them, strong fluorescence signal of NBD dominated. Thus, although the similar reaction occurred for Hcy, the rate of NBD derivative rearrangement was slow, in a short time, fluorescence signal was still weak. As for GSH, cleavage could occur, but no rearrange within the NBD molecule due to GSH with large volume. Because of strong fluorescent emission, this probe was successfully used in biological imaging about cell and zebrafish. More importantly, the probe was successfully used to evaluate the oxidative stress caused by copper(II) in living cells. This fluorescence strategy and application will provide a new way of studying intracellular oxidative stress processes and damage.     

Rearrangement regulated cysteine fluorescent probe for cellular oxidative stress evaluation induced by copper(II)

Cysteine (Cys) plays an important role in regulating cellular redox balance. But due to the constant changes in the concentration of Cys in organisms, fast response sensors are urgent required for practical application. In this work, a fluorescent probe with a fast response was developed by linking coumarin derivatives containing α,β-unsaturated ketones to NBD. The PET effect made the system non-fluorescent. When the probe reacted with Cys, the bond between the coumarin derivative and the NBD was cut off, meanwhile a rapid rearrangement and reactive site passivation occurred. Then two fluorophores with the same emission peak are released, among them, strong fluorescence signal of NBD dominated. Thus, although the similar reaction occurred for Hcy, the rate of NBD derivative rearrangement was slow, in a short time, fluorescence signal was still weak. As for GSH, cleavage could occur, but no rearrange within the NBD molecule due to GSH with large volume. Because of strong fluorescent emission, this probe was successfully used in biological imaging about cell and zebrafish. More importantly, the probe was successfully used to evaluate the oxidative stress caused by copper(II) in living cells. This fluorescence strategy and application will provide a new way of studying intracellular oxidative stress processes and damage.     

A colorimetric,ratiometric and water-soluble fluorescent probe for simultaneously sensing glutathione and cysteine/homocysteine

A chlorinated coumarin-aldehyde was developed as a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for distinguishing glutathione (GSH), cystenine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy). The GSH-induced substitution-cyclization and Cys/Hcy-induced substitution-rearrangement cascades lead to the corresponding thiol-coumarin-iminium cation and amino-coumarin-aldehyde with distinct photophysical properties. The probe can be used to simultaneously detect GSH and Cys/Hcy by visual determination based on distinct different colors – red and pale-yellow in PBS buffer solution by two reaction sites. From the linear relationship of fluorescence intensity and biothiols concentrations, it was determined that the limits of detection for GSH, Hcy and Cys are 0.08, 0.09 and 0.18 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the probe was successfully used in living cell imaging with low cell toxicity.     

A fluorescence turn-on probe for cysteine and homocysteine based on thiol-triggered benzothiazolidine ring formation

We synthesized a new coumarin-based probe TP, containing a disulfide moiety, to detect biothiols in cells. A fluorescence turn-on response is induced by the thiol–disulfide exchange of the probe, with subsequent intramolecular benzothiazolidine ring formation giving rise to a fluorescent product. The probe exhibits an excellent selectivity for cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy) over glutathione (GSH) and other amino acids. The fluorescent probe also exhibits a highly sensitive fluorescence turn-on response to Cys and Hcy with detection limits of 0.8 μM for Cys and 0.5 μM for Hcy. In addition, confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging using RAW264.7 macrophages demonstrates that the probe TP could be an efficient fluorescent detector for thiols in living cells.