多壁碳纳米管/聚醚醚酮(MWCNT/PEEK)复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用热压烧结法制备了纯聚醚醚酮(PEEK)及MWCNT/PEEK复合材料.通过表征发现：导热系数、密度、硬度及热稳定性随多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)含量的增加而增大.系统研究了载荷、速度及不同MWCNT含量对复合材料摩擦学性能和磨损机理的影响.结果表明,MWCNT可显著降低复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率.在固定转速200 r/min,载荷为40和80 N,MWCNT质量分数为1%条件下,摩擦系数和磨损率最低,摩擦系数分别为0.241和0.235,磨损率分别较纯PEEK降低了60%和56%.当载荷增加到100 N,MWCNT质量分数为2%时,摩擦系数最低,磨损率较纯PEEK降低89%.固定载荷40 N,转速为400 r/min时,1%MWCNT/PEEK复合材料的磨损率最低,较纯PEEK降低了89%.当转速增大至600 r/min,2%MWCNT/PEEK复合材料的磨损率较纯PEEK降低了85%.固定转速200 r/min、载荷为40 N,MWCNT的质量分数较低时(<2%),MWCNT/PEEK复合材料的磨损机理主要是黏着磨损,MWCNT的质量分数(≥2%)较高时,磨损机理发生黏着磨损...     

在胎牛血清蛋白润滑环境下GO/UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

采用往复式滑动摩擦磨损试验机,考察了在胎牛血清蛋白(BSA)润滑环境下,氧化石墨烯/超高分子量聚乙烯(GO/UHMWPE)复合材料的摩擦学性能.试验结束后,利用高分辨扫描电子显微镜(HR-SEM)和Micro-XAM非接触式三维表面轮廓仪观察试样表面磨痕并计算相应的磨损率.结果表明:在BSA润滑环境下,相对纯UHMWPE,尽管无机增强填料GO的添加可以显著降低复合材料的稳态摩擦系数(COF),但是随GO含量增加无明显变化.然而,复合材料的体积磨损率(WR)却随GO含量增加呈现出逐渐减小的趋势.因此无机填料GO可以显著改善UHMWPE在BSA润滑环境下的摩擦学性能.     

MoO3-ZnO/镍基复合涂层制备及其摩擦学性能研究

利用等离子喷涂工艺制备了含氧化物(MoO₃-ZnO)的镍基复合涂层,通过UMT-3球盘式高温摩擦试验机评价了复合涂层在室温、400和800 ℃下的摩擦学性能,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及拉曼光谱仪(Raman)等分析手段研究了涂层微观组织、物相组成以及磨损机理. 结果表明:在室温和400 ℃,复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均高于Ni-5%Al金属基底,且随着氧化物含量的增加,润滑和耐磨性能均被削弱,主要表现为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损. 在800 ℃,MoO₃和ZnO的添加可以有效改善复合涂层的摩擦性能,随着其含量的增加,摩擦系数变化不明显,而磨损率逐渐增加. 特别是添加5%MoO₃和5%ZnO的复合涂层在800 ℃摩擦系数低至0.28,磨损率低至4.22×10?5 mm3/(N·m),其良好的高温润滑耐磨性能得益于摩擦表面二元氧化物(NiO、MoO₃和ZnO)和三元氧化物(ZnMoO₄和NiMoO₄)的协同作用.      

GO增强UHMWPE在透明质酸钠润滑介质下的摩擦学性能研究

采用UMT-3MT往复式滑动摩擦磨损试验机,研究在透明质酸钠(SHA)润滑介质下,氧化石墨烯(GO)对基体材料超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)摩擦学性能的影响.利用高分辨扫描电子显微镜(HR-SEM)和MicroXAM非接触式3D表面轮廓仪观察试样表面磨痕形貌并计算其磨损率.结果表明:在SHA润滑介质下,无机填料GO的添加显著降低UHMWPE基复合材料的磨损率,但是,GO的添加对复合材料稳态摩擦系数和残留在SHA润滑介质中的磨粒特征无明显影响.无机填料GO的添加增强了UHMWPE在SHA润滑介质下的耐磨性能.     

炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料/N80钢摩擦学性能研究

利用MG-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料/N80钢的摩擦学性能,考察了介质温度对摩擦学性能的影响;用扫描电子显微镜分析了磨损表面形貌.结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料与N80钢对摩时的摩擦系数较低,炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的磨损主要表现为树脂基体脱落碳化和炭纤维的折断剥落,偶件钢环则呈现明显的磨粒磨损特征;在油井产出液润滑下炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的磨损率较低,摩擦系数和磨损率随着润滑介质温度的升高而增大,偶件钢环则呈现明显的磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损特征.     

炭纤维增强铜基复合材料摩擦磨损性能同其磨损表面形貌相关性研究

考察了炭纤维增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针X射线显微分析仪和表面轮廓测试仪等观察分析了复合材料磨损表面形貌和元素组成.结果表明,复合材料摩擦磨损性能及其磨损表面形貌与粗糙度同载荷及滑动速度密切相关,当载荷和速度小于某一临界值时,复合材料同钢对摩时的摩擦系数和磨损率均较小,而当载荷和速度超过临界值时,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均大幅增大,复合材料磨损表面形成了由C、Cu和Fe等元素组成的固体润滑和防护薄膜,使得其在干摩擦条件下同钢对摩时的摩擦系数和磨损率均较低.     

Y—TZP／MoS2自润滑材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用醇-水溶液加热方法制备了具有特殊显微结构、优良力学性能的Y-TZP/MoS2复合材料,考察了室温下复合材料与GCr15钢球及ZrO2陶瓷球配副时的摩擦学性能.结果表明当复合材料与GCr15钢配副时,GCr15钢在复合材料表面形成转移膜并发生粘着磨损,相应的摩擦系数较高;当复合材料与ZrO2配副时,随着复合材料中MoS2润滑相含量的增加,摩擦系数和复合材料磨损率逐渐减小,当复合材料中MoS2的体积分数为50.0%,其摩擦系数小于0.25,磨损率小于1.02×10-6 mm2/m*N.     

聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦性能及其机理研究

研究了含有固体润滑剂的炭纤维增强 PI复合材料在干摩擦和水润滑 2种状态下的摩擦磨损性能及其磨损机理 .结果表明 ,在水润滑条件下 ,摩擦系数和磨损率都有不同程度的降低 ,其中含 PTFE的炭纤维增强 PI复合材料的耐磨性最佳 ,最低磨损率为 9.9× 10 - 7mm3/ N· m.其主要原因可能与材料存在极性酰胺基团有关 ,酰胺基易通过氢键与水分子结合 ,在摩擦表面形成水吸附膜 ,使摩擦表面直接接触减少 ,从而改善材料的摩擦磨损性能     

Ni-Mo基高温自润滑复合材料摩擦学性能的研究

用放电等离子烧结(Spark Plasma Sintering,简称SPS)技术制备了Ni-Mo-Pb O高温自润滑复合材料,分析NiMo-Pb O复合材料的微观组织结构,研究了Ni-Mo-Pb O复合材料从室温至700℃的摩擦学性能.在烧结过程中,Pb O和Mo之间发生了氧化还原反应,SPS烧结制备的Ni-Mo-Pb O复合材料主要由Ni的固溶体、Pb和钼的氧化物组成.复合材料的摩擦和磨损性能与温度有关.Ni-Mo-Pb O复合材料的摩擦系数随着温度的增加先减小后增加.磨损率随着温度的增加先减小后稍有增加.少量的Pb O加入到镍基合金中显著改善了镍基复合材料的高温摩擦磨损性能.尤其在约500℃时,复合材料显现出非常低的摩擦系数(0.09)和磨损率[约2.8×10_(–6) mm_3/(N·m)],这归因于主要由Pb O、少量的Ni O及钼酸盐组成的致密的润滑膜的形成.     

PAMPS-PAAM互穿网络凝胶的摩擦性能研究

选用2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)凝胶和丙烯酰胺(AAM)溶液制备PAMPS-PAAM互穿网络凝胶,在自制销-盘式摩擦试验机上进行PAMPS-PAAM互穿网络凝胶的摩擦性能试验,研究接触压力、滑行速率和润滑条件对该凝胶的摩擦性能的影响.结果表明:PAMPS-PAAM凝胶受压变形时的性质与天然软骨相似.在较高的压力下(0.7 MPa),凝胶的软骨泵机理发生作用,有助于润滑膜的形成;滑行速率的提高和润滑剂黏度的增加也有利于润滑状态的改善,降低摩擦系数.PAMPS-PAAM凝胶有良好的自恢复功能.     

山东龙口北皂煤矿软岩力学特性实验研究

根据室内实验结果, 本文讨论了北皂煤矿的岩石力学性质, 物化特性。泥质岩类的力学性质和水理性质、物化特性有关。泥质岩类具有显著的流动变形和各向异性。     

在役设备材料弹塑性力学参数测定方法综述--小冲杆实验力学研究进展之一

20多年以来,采用小型试件的小冲杆试验技术来测量在役设备材料的各种力学参数已经取得了很大进展,这个方法已经用来确定材料的弹性模量、屈服强度、塑性性能、抗拉强度、韧一脆转变温度、断裂韧度、蠕变性能和黏塑性性能等各种力学性能。由于从小冲杆试验的测量结果来确定材料的力学性能是一个反问题,因此,与此有关的反问题分析方法也得到了相应的发展。本文系统综述小冲杆试验的测量技术及从测量数据来确定材料弹塑性参数的各种经验方法和计算方法,例如有限元分析和参数法、反向有限元法、有限元和反方法、反向识别和人工神经网络、有限元优化和试验变形形状以及杂交反方法等。     

磁控溅射制备BCN薄膜纳米力学和摩擦磨损行为的研究

利用直流磁控溅射技术制备三元BCN薄膜，通过改变N2／Ar流量比（0．0～0．3）得到不同含氮量的薄膜．采用X射线光电子能谱仪和傅立叶红外光谱仪分析薄膜的成分和结构，采用纳米压入仪分析薄膜的纳米力学性能和纳米摩擦磨损特性，分别采用连续刚度测量法和横向力测量法测试薄膜的硬度和划痕行为．结果表明：薄膜中氮含量随N2／Ar流量比增加而增大并趋于稳定；反应气体中的氮优先与硼结合生成B—N键，当N2／Ar流量比超过一定值后，部分氮与碳结合生成C=N键；薄膜的纳米硬度和弹性模量随薄膜中氮含量的增加而下降；BCN薄膜的划痕深度与薄膜的结构密切相关，而摩擦系数受薄膜结构的影响不明显；在相同载荷下薄膜的划痕深度随薄膜中氮含量增加而增大；对于同一试样，薄膜在未破裂之前摩擦系数基本保持在0．10左右，薄膜破裂后摩擦系数迅速增至0．46．     

Rheological properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives: polyisobutylene/sodium carboxymethylcellulose

The viscoelastic properties of polyisobutylene filled with sodium carboxymethylcellulose were studied. Using shear viscosity data, the relaxation time,, defined as the ratio ₀/G ₀ of the initial viscous and elastic constants was evaluated. The flow activation energy, melt flow index and superposition shift factor were also determined and master curves were generated. A relatively small effect of filler concentration on viscosity was observed, whereas its effect on and the initial first normal-stress coefficient, ₀, was found to be significant.     

On thermodynamic potentials in thermoelasticity under small strain and finite thermal perturbation assumptions

Expressions for thermodynamic potentials (internal energy, Helmholtz energy, Gibbs energy and enthalpy) of a thermoelastic material are developed under the assumption of small strains and finite changes in the thermal variable (temperature or entropy). The literature provides expressions for the Helmholtz energy in terms of strain and temperature, most often as expansions to the second order in strain and to a higher order in temperature changes, which ensures an affine stress–strain relation and a certain temperature dependence of the moduli of the material. Expressions are here developed for the four potentials in terms of all four possible pairs of independent variables. First, an expression is obtained for each potential as a quadratic function of its natural mechanical variable with coefficients depending on its natural thermal variable that are identified in terms of the moduli of the material. The form of the coefficients’ dependence on the thermal variable is not specified beforehand so as to obtain the most general expressions compatible with an affine stress–strain relation. Then, from each potential expressed in terms of its natural variables, expressions are derived for the other three potentials in terms of these same variables using the Gibbs–Helmholtz equations. The paper provides a thermodynamic framework for the constitutive modeling of thermoelastic materials undergoing small strains but finite changes in the thermal variables, the properties of which are liable to depend on the thermal variables.     

亚微米氮化钛膜的纳米压痕和划痕测定

采用等离子电弧沉积的方法，分别在GT35和40CrNiMo钢上沉积厚约为0．5μm的氮化钛(TiN)膜．为了筛选基材，采用纳米压痕和划痕技术，评价膜基界面结合和固体润滑效果．纳米压痕结果，GT35，40CrNiMo和TiN的纳米硬度／弹性模量的典型值分别约为11．5GPa／330GPa，6．0GPa／210GPa，30GPa／450GPa．纳米划痕结果，GT35有较理想的膜基结合能力；GT35，40CrNiMo，TiN及其有机膜的摩擦系数分别约为0．25，0．45，0．i5，0．i0．同40CrNiMo相比，GT35是较为理想的基体材料．纳米压痕和划痕技术能提供丰富的近表面的弹塑性变形、断裂和摩擦等的信息，是评价亚微米薄膜力学性能的有效手段．     

MAIN FACTORS IN PREPARATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PARTICLES／PVC COMPOSITE

Zirconium phosphate containing silver was chosen as antibacterial particles in preparing antibacterial particles/PVC composite. The effect of surface property of the antibacterial particles and of their filler content on the properties of antibacterial particles/PVC composite was studied. The effect of the interracial compatibility on mechanical properties of the composite was also discussed. Experimental results showed that the antibacterial PVC composite had good antibacterial property, reaching almost 100% bacteriostatic level at an antibacterial powder filler content of 1.5phr.     

Characterization of powder flow properties from micron to nanoscale using FT4 powder rheometer and PT-X powder tester

The rapid development of nanotechnology has led to a need to further understand the physical characteristics of nanoparticles. In this paper, the flow characteristics of micro-nano alumina particles with different particle sizes were characterized. The FT4 powder rheometer and the PT-X powder tester were used to measure the compression, friction, and dynamic properties of powders. Powder compressibility increased significantly as the particle size decreased from 27 μm to 30 nm. Pressure distribution in the silo was measured and predicted by Janssen's theory, with errors mostly less than 10%. The basic flow energy and the specific energy of the three powders were 4983, 1734, and 244 mJ, and 6.80, 11.70, and 6.70 mJ/g, respectively, indicating that there was no linear relationship between the change in flowability and particle size. The dynamic properties of the powders change from particle-dominated to agglomeration-dominated as the particle size decreases. The conclusion is supported by the results of field emission scanning electron microscopy.     

Dynamic and transient rheological properties of glass filled polymer melts

The dynamic and transient rheological properties of a low density polyethylene melt and a plasticized polyvinylchloride melt filled with glass beads were measured at 200 °C and 180 °C respectively in a modified Weissenberg Rheogoniometer R-17. Its main modification consisted of the use of a piezoelectric transducer instead of the conventional torsion bar, and of the interfacing of a microcomputer Apple II plus to the Rheogoniometer for data acquisition and analysis. The glass beads were pretreated with silane and titanate coupling agents to observe the effect of the chemical modification of the polymer filler interface on these properties. It was observed that both the dynamic viscosity and the storage modulus increased with the weight fraction, but this last parameter did appreciably affect the stress growth and stress relaxation curves of the polymeric matrices at low shear rates. The effect of coupling agents on these properties was varied.     

AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金的高温摩擦磨损性能

AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金因其优异的综合力学性能而有望成为新一代高温结构材料,但对其高温摩擦磨损性能的研究还较为少见.本文中应用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金,研究了其显微组织和力学性能,系统地考察了其在室温至800℃时的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:应用SPS技术制备的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金主要由FCC相、无序BCC相和少量有序BCC相组成;呈网格状分布的FCC相使高熵合金具有良好的塑性和韧性,而呈等轴状分布的BCC相赋予了高熵合金优异的强度;高熵合金室温至800℃时的摩擦系数在0.43~0.51之间,磨损率低于10–5mm3/(N·m).室温至中温阶段主要为磨粒磨损,中温至高温阶段的磨损机制为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损和塑性变形综合作用.高温下高熵合金表面形成了一层主要由为Al2O3和Cr2O3组成的氧化物膜,在一定程度上起到抗磨作用.