Structure of the Oxonium Compound of Pefloxacinium Hexachloridostannate(IV)

The structure of tris{hexachloridostannate(IV)}-hexachloride-tetrakis(pefloxacinium)-tetraoxonium undecahydrate (CCDC 1551760) 4PefH ₃ ²⁺ , 4H₃O⁺, 3SnCl ₆ ^2? , 6Cl^?, 11H₂O (I), (PefH is pefloxacin) is determined. The I crystals are triclinic: a = 13.5474(10) Å, b = 15.2859(11) Å, c = 15.6586(11) Å, α = 94.467(1)°, β = 105.477(1)°, γ = 111.560(1)°, V = 2849.9(4) ų, space group Pī, Z = 1. The structure is stabilized by multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π–π-interactions between the PefH₃²⁺ ions.     

Oxonium Ion Ring-Opening Polymerization

Oxonium ion ring-opening polymerization is reviewed with emphasis on unsolved problems. New findings in cationic ECH polymerization and in cyclic oligomer formation are given. Participation of the Cl of ECH in the cationic center is suggested.     

Taming the Highly Reactive Oxonium Ion

'Onium rings : Incorporation of the trivalent oxygen atom as a structural element within the tricyclic core of 1 – 3 imparts unprecedented stability to this “extraordinary” class of tertiary oxonium ions. Cation 1 is the least reactive and can be refluxed in water for 72 hours with no noticeable decomposition.

     

Preparation of (R)-11-hydroxyaporphine directly from (R)-10,11-dihydroxyaporphine ((R)-apomorphine)

A Regioselective synthesis of (R)-11-hydroxyaporphine 2 directly from (R)-10,11-dihydroxyaporphine ((R)-apomorphine, 1 ) is described for the first time. The isopropylidene ketal ring of 10,11-(isopropyl-idenyldioxy)aporphine 5 obtained by the isopropylidenation of apomorphine was regioselectively opened by ten equivalents of trimethylaluminum to give (R)-10-hydroxy-11-tert-butyloxyaporphine 6 . The free 10-hydioxyl position of 6 was triflated with N-pbenyltrifluoromethanesulfonimide and potassium carbonate under reflux to give (R)-10-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyloxy]-11-tert-butyloxyaporphine 7 . The reduced product, 11-tert-butyloxyaporphine 8 was prepared from 7 by a palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis. The ether cleavage of (R)-11-tert-butyloxyaporphine with 48% hydrobromic acid afforded the desired (R)-11-hydroxyaporphine 2 in good yield.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (S,R)- and (R,R)-methiin stereoisomers

Abstract

An asymmetric synthesis of (+)- and (–)-methiine (S-methyl-(R)-cysteine sulfoxide) diastereomers has been developed. These natural sulfur compounds were isolated from a variety of Brassica vegetables. As the starting compound, (R)-cysteine was used, which was methylated to form (R)-S-methylcysteine. Then the oxidation of S-methylcysteine with tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by the chiral tetra(isopropylate)titanium/(S)- or (R)-Binol complex led to the formation of (1?R,2S)-(+)- or (1?R,2R)-(–)-methiin stereomers.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5（R）-（1R,2S,5R）-Menthoxy-4（R）- N-cyclohexylaminobutyrolactone

1INTRODUCTION Substitutedγ-butyrolactones are a group of impor-tant compounds containing unique carbon skeleton of butyrolactone which is widely present in many natural products and have received considerable interest because of their biological and medicinal properties[1～4].Therefore,much attention has been paid to the new asymmetric methods for synthesi-zing these interesting compounds[5～11].The prece-ding results led us to explore the possibility of using cyclohexylamine to convert5(…     

Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Substituted Phosphane Oxides (R1R2P(O)H) and Phosphinous Acids (R1R2POH)

This paper describes the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted phosphinous acids and phosphane oxides featuring at least one electron‐withdrawing pentafluoroethyl group. The presence of a diethylamino function as a protecting group allows a selective reaction of RClPNEt₂ (R=CF₃, C₆F₅, C₆H₅) with LiC₂F₅. On treatment with para‐toluenesulfonic acid the isolated aminophosphanes R(C₂F₅)PNEt₂ are readily converted into the corresponding phosphinous acids or phosphane oxides, respectively. Investigation of the tautomeric equilibrium between oxide and acid tautomer revealed (CF₃)(C₂F₅)POH as a stable phosphinous acid, whereas the pentafluorophenyl and phenyl derivatives constitute a solvent dependent equilibrium between the acid and the oxide tautomer.     

Oxonium ion-mediated synthesis of 4-substituted spiro-isoxazolines

The stereoselective synthesis of 4-bromo-spiro-isoxazolines was achieved in one step through the bromination of various isoxazoles that contain a pendant alcohol or carboxylic acid functional group. Isoxazole bromination leads to a bromonium ion intermediate, which opens either by neighboring oxygen lone pair electrons or by intramolecular nucleophilic attack. Single X-ray crystal data provide evidence that the two contiguous stereocenters of the spiro-isoxazoline are formed by the anti intramolecular attack of the nucleophile relative to bromine, since there is an anti stereochemical relationship between the spirocyclic ring oxygen and the bromine atom.     

Chlorphosphonazo III (R)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 2-tosyloxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone derivatives: synthesis of (R)-tembamide, (R)-aegeline, (R)-octopamine,and (R)-denopamine

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of 2-tosyloxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone derivatives leads to efficient synthesis of β-adrenergic agonists, (R)-tembamide, (R)-aegeline, (R)-octopamine, and (R)-denopamine.     

Cobalt(III) complex of (2R, 5R, 8R, 11R)-tetraethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane

Preparation and property of Co(III) complex of an optically active 12-membered macrocyclic lignad (tecyclen) are reported.     

Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (R,R)-Blumenol B and d9-(R,R)-Blumenol B

C₁₃-norisoprenoids are of particular importance to grapes and wines, as these molecules influence wine aroma and have been shown to significantly contribute to the distinct character of various wine varieties. Blumenol B is a putative precursor to a number of important wine aroma compounds, including the well-known compounds theaspirone and vitispirane. The enantioselective synthesis of (R,R)-blumenol B from commercially available 4-oxoisophorone was achieved using a short and easily scaleable route, which was then successfully applied to the synthesis of poly-deuterated d9-blumenol B.