TiCl_4,MgCl_2和酯络合物的晶体结构和光谱性质——Ziegler-Natta高效聚丙烯催化剂结构研究之一

本文研究了直接有工业意义的TiCl_4、MgCl_2和酯络合物的晶体结构,并测定了粉末图,红外和紫外光谱。TiCl_4和PhCOOEt(L)生成(TiCl_4·L)_2和TiCl_4·2L两种络合物。MgCl_2与CH_3COOEt和H_3O形成MgCl_2·2CH_3COOEt·2H_2O络合物。这些分子间靠范德瓦力结合成晶体。相应的空间群分别为C_(2h)~5—P2_1/c,C_(2h)~5—P2_1/n和C_(2h)~5—C2/c。利用所得粉末图证实了研磨浸渍法制备催化剂过程中确有(TiCl_4·L)_2生成。对比高效催化剂和Mg络合物的红外光谱,表明催化剂表面络合物的配键与络合物相似。     

络合型催化剂丙烯聚合动力学研究

本工作对络合型(Solvay型)TiCl_3催化剂—(C_2H_5)_2AlCl体系丙烯聚合进行了活性中心浓度C_p、链增长速率常数k_p和链增长活化能E_p等的测定,并与常规TiCl_3·0.33AlCl_3进行了比较,C_p以动力学方法求取,数均分子量以粘度法测定经分子量分布校正,结果表明,络合型催化剂活性比常规催化剂高,不仅是由于C_p增高,在更大程度上是由于k_p提高。     

THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE COMPLEXES FORMED BY TiCl_4 AND MgCl_2 WITH ESTERS——A RESEARCH ON THE STRUCTURE OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT CATALYSTS FOR POLYPROPYLENE

The complexes of TiCl_4, MgCl_2 and esters which are significant in industry have beenstudied by X-ray diffraction, IR and uv spectra. Their single crystal structures have also beendetermined. TiCl_4 and PhCOOEt can form two complexes, TiCl_4·L and TiCl_4·2L·MgGl_2, CH_3COOEtand H_2O form complex MgCl_2·2CH_3COOEt·2H_2O. All of them are molecular crystals. Theirspacial groups are C_(2h)~5-P2_1/c, C_(2h)~5-P2_1/n and C_(2h)~6-C_2/c respectively. From the XRD powderpattern, it has been ascertained that TiCl_4·L is formed in the process of the catalyst prepara-tion with milling-soaking method. Comparison between the IR spectra of the catalyst and Mgcomplex indicates that the coordinative bonds of the surface complex of the catalyst are verysimilar to that of the complex.     

1-辛烯Ziegler-Natta聚合的活性中心多分散性——分子量分布及动力学的研究

本文通过对TiCl_3-Al(C_2H_5)_3聚合1-辛烯产物的双峰型分子量分布曲线用Schulz函数进行拟合、分峰处理,发现这种双峰型分布中的高分子量峰部分由一种活性中心生成,低分子量峰部分则由至少两种活性中心生成.将不同转化率时聚辛烯的分子量分布分峰拟合数据与聚合速率、活性中心数等测定数据相结合,得到了高分子量和低分子量两部分产物相应的活性中心上各自的动力学参数(增长速率常数、活性中心数、链转移常数等)及各自的聚合速率曲线,从而证实了多种活性中心的存在、它们催化特性的差异及与聚合物分子量分布增宽的关系.     

芳香叔胺引发丙烯腈光聚合的引发机理

芳香叔胺引发丙烯腈(AN)光聚合是通过形成激基复合物(exciPlex)进行的。紫外光谱和荧光光谱表明,芳香叔胺在基态可以和AN形成电荷转移复合物(CTC),而在激发态可和AN形成exciplc(称定域激发)。CTC经光照亦可激发(称CTC激发)。 定域激发引起光聚合速率为CH_3C_6H_4N(CH_3)_2>C_6H_5N(CH_3)_2>HOCH_2·C_6H_4N(CH_3)_2>CH_3C_6H_4N(CH_2CH_2OH)_2,与芳胺荧光被AN淬灭的Stern-Vo-lmer常数顺序一致。CTC激发引起的光聚合顺序为:CH_3C_6H_4N(CH_3)_2>CH_3C_6H_4N(CH_2CH_2OH)_2>HOCH_2C_6H_4N(CH_3)_2>C_6H_5N(CH_3)_2,与芳胺上取代基推电子能力一致。端基分析表明聚合物有芳胺端基。     

甲基氯硅烷的乙醇解速度

(1)二甲基二氯硅烷和甲基三氯硅烷的部分醇解,产物的收率很高,达到97.7—98.9%。用分馏方法可以确定各步产物的成分,因此可以应用 Fuoss 方程式计算这两种氯硅烷逐步竞争醇解的反应速度常数比。在下列反应中(CH_6)_2SiCl_2+C_2H_5OH(?)(CH_6)_2Si(OC_2H_5)Cl+HCl(CH_6)_2Si(OC_2H_5)Cl+C_2H_5OH(?)(CH_6)_2Si(OC_2H_5)_2+HClCH_(?)SiCl(?)+C_2H_5OH(?)CH_(?)Si(OC_2H_5)Cl_2+HClCH_(?)Si(OC_2H_5)Cl_2+C_2H_5OH(?)CH_6Si(OC_2H_5)_2Cl+HClCH_(?)Si(OC_2H_5)_2Cl+C_2H_5OH(?)CH_6Si(OC_2H_5)_6+HCl求得 K_1:K_2=17:2;K_3:K_4:K_5=60:27:2。(2)以二甲基乙氧基氯硅烷和甲基二乙氧基硅烷进行相互竞争醇解,求得 K_2:K_(?)=1∶4.6。另以三甲基氯硅烷和二甲基乙氧基氯硅烷进行相互竞争醇解,(CH(?))(?)SiCl+C_2H_5OH(?)(CH_(?))(?)SiOC_2H_5+HCl求得 K_6:K(?)=1:7。 (3)整理上列结果,得到三种不同官能度的甲基氯硅烷的逐步竞争和相互竞争醇解反应速度常数比为:K_1∶K_2∶K_3∶K_4∶K_5∶K_6=60∶7∶960∶430∶32∶1可以看出在甲基氯硅烷分子中,甲基或乙氧基数目增加,均使氯原子的醇解速度降低,而甲基的影响较乙氧基为大。     

钛系Ziegler催化剂合成1,2-聚丁二烯的聚合动力学

研究了Ti(n-C_4H_9O)_(4-x)Cl_x-Al(i-C_4H_9)_3体系当x不同时,在已烷中催化丁二烯聚合的动力学特征和规律.测得聚合速率和表观活化能均随体系中氯含量增大而降低.在Al/Ti=15-90(摩尔比)范围,聚合速率对单体和钛化合物浓度均为一级反应,而受烷基铝浓度影响较小.催化剂的利用率仅为0.5-1.5％左右,随体系氯含量增大略有提高,但相应的增长速率常数却大为减小,因此聚合速率仍随氯含量增大而降低.     

1,1′-[四甲基二硅撑]二环戊二烯基二氯化钛的合成与结构

以1,2-二氯四甲基二硅烷相继与环戊二烯基钠、正丁基锂和四氯化钛作用合成了标题化合物[(Me)_2Si]_2(C_5H_4)_2TiCl_2.通过元素分析、紫外光谱、~1H 核磁谱、质谱的测定,证明其结构与预见相符,并进行了 X 射线结构分析,确证了其分子结构.该晶体属于单斜晶系.测定所得键长、键角值与三个碳原子桥连的类似物(CH_2)_3(C_5H_4)_2TiCl_2中的对应值相近.     

极谱过程温度效应的研究(Ⅲ)——催化反应速率常数和反应活化能的测定

催化反应在极谱分析中的应用及反应速率常数的测定已有报道。通常根据Koutecky公式计算催化反应速率常数,而反应活化能则由不同温度下测定的速率常数,按照Arrhenius公式计算。我们根据前文提出的可逆、不可逆、准可逆、动力和催化过程各种极谱电流——温度关系的普遍方程式,测定了Ti(Ⅳ)-H_2SO_4H_2C_2O_4-KClO_3、Mo(Ⅳ)-H_2SO_4-NaNO_3、Mo(Ⅵ)-H_2SO_4-NH_4NO_3体系催化反应速率常数和反应活化能(或表观活化能),结果令人满意。     

烯丙基卤在五价钼体系引发丁二烯聚合反应中的链转移作用

本工作以烯丙基卤(x)为链转移剂,在非极性加氢汽油溶剂中,用MoCl_3(i-OC_5H_(11))_2—(i-Bu)_2AlO (Mo-Al)二元引发体系引发丁二烯(Bd)进行溶液聚合,探讨x对Bd聚合速度、聚合物分子量以及聚合活化能的影响,并测得了x的链转移常数。实验结果表明,烯丙基溴(Br)对聚合速度的影响甚微,烯丙基氯(Cl)和烯丙基碘(Ⅰ)却能导致聚合速度减慢;随x用量增加,分子量明显降低;在Br存在下,按Arrhenuis方程式求得的Bd聚合表现活化能为63.6千焦/摩尔,略高于不添加Br时的值。     

新型高活性催化剂乙烯气相聚合的研究(Ⅱ)──改性剂、预聚合和聚合条件对乙烯气相聚合的影响

研究了新型高活性乙烯气相聚合催化剂TiCl₄/MgCl₂/ZnCl₂/SiCl₄/醇/Al(i-Bu)₃体系中不同醇、不同C₂H₅OH/Ti摩尔比和正丁醚对聚合反应及产物颗粒形态的影响。研究了预聚合反应及乙烯气相聚合反应规律。用扫描电镜和图象分析对催化剂、预聚物及聚合产物的形态和颗粒分布的研究结果表明:新型高活性催化剂和经预聚合制得的乙烯气相聚合物的颗粒形态类似球形,颗粒长短轴比值和大小粒径比值相近。     

镁-钛系聚乙烯高效催化剂的机理研究

本文对一种典型的反应法制聚乙烯高效催化剂的各步反应产物进行了研完:第一步氯化镁加乙醇反应,生成醇合物MgCl₂·nC₂H₅OH,其作用是将氯化镁晶格破坏;第二步加烷基铝,第三步加四氯化钛,其作用是与醇合物中的醇反应使之溶解,重新生成高分散的氯化镁微晶,活性组份钛化合物高度分散在氯化镁微晶表面上,故催化剂具有高活性。用这种反应法制得的高效催化剂,载体分散度高,内部孔隙多,有利于传质,因而比一般研磨法制得的高效催化剂聚合收率高。X光衍射发现在其他一些聚乙烯高效催化剂中也存在微晶MgCl₂,说明它们的高活性机理是类似的。     

α-二亚胺镍(Ⅱ)配合物-TiCl4复合催化剂催化乙烯原位聚合制备支化聚乙烯

制备了α-二亚胺镍()配合物[C6H5—NC(CH3)—C(CH3)N—C6H5]NiBr2(NiL)-TiCl4负载在MgCl2-SiO2载体上的复合催化剂(NiL-TiCl4/MgCl2-SiO2),以AlR3为助催化剂(不用MAO)催化乙烯聚合.研究了NiL和TiCl4负载方法、NiL/TiCl4摩尔比、助催化剂种类及聚合反应温度等对催化剂性能的影响.用IR和13CNMR表征聚合产物支化度及支链结构;用GC-MS监测聚合反应.实验结果表明,NiL-TiCl4复合催化剂具有齐聚原位共聚特性,可催化乙烯原位聚合,合成支化聚乙烯.     

给电子体在制备烯烃聚合NdCl_3载体催化剂中的作用

<正> Martin以无水稀土氯化物为载体,与磷酸三丁酯(TBP)在庚烷溶剂中反应制得LnCl_3/TBP/TiCl_4载体催化剂,其中以NdCl_3为载体的催化剂对乙烯聚合有很高活性,但对TBP的作用和载钛结构涉及较少。NdCl_3为链状晶体结构,不同于层状晶体结构的MgCl_2和TiCl_3(α和δ型)。我们对NdCl_3/EtOH/TiCl_4催化剂进行了较为详细的研究,并与MgCl_2/EtOH/TiCl_4催化剂进行比较,发现NdCl_3载体催化剂与MgCl_2载体     

SYNTHESIS OF BRANCHED POLYETHYLENE USING (α-DIIMINE)NICKEL(Ⅱ) -TiCl4 COMBINED AND SUPPORTED CATALYST

(a-Diimine)nickel(Ⅱ) {[C6H5 - N = C(CH3) - C(CH3) = N - C6H5]NiBr2}-TiCl4 abbreviated as NiL-TiCl4combined catalyst which is supported on MgCl2-SiO2 carrier has been prepared, by using alkyl aluminum (AlR3) as the cocatalyst in place of methylaluminoxane (MAO) to catalyze ethylene oligomerization and copolymerization in situ. The influences of procedure for supporting NiL-TiCl4, the molar ratio of NiL to TiCl4, cocatalyst type and polymerization temperature on the catalytic performance were studied. The degree of branching and the composition of the branched chain of polymers produced have been investigated by IR and 13C-NMR spectra. The results show that the combined catalyst can synthesize the branched polyethylene with various banched chains .The polymerization reaction was monitored by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that this catalyst promotes the oligomerization and copolymerization in situ for ethylene.     

含稀土钛系催化剂的苯乙烯高活性定向聚合研究

本文用新研制的含稀土钕化合物的钛系催化剂(SN-1催化剂)于苯乙烯在苯溶液中进行定向聚合,能同时使产率、等规度、催化效率与聚合速率四项指标得到提高并远超过文献值。研究了各种聚合条件,即催化剂浓度、苯乙烯单体浓度、助催化剂三乙基铝浓度和聚合温度各因素对于催化效率、聚苯乙烯产率、等规度和分子量的影响规律并作讨论。     

球形MgCl_2负载的MAO-Et[Ind]_2ZrCl_2催化剂用于乙烯聚合的动力学研究

以Al(i Bu) 3 为活化剂 ,对球形MgCl2 负载的MAO Et[Ind]2 ZrCl2 催化剂用于乙烯淤浆聚合的动力学进行了研究 .确定了动力学控制条件后 ,测定了聚合反应级数和表观活化能 ,用动力学外推法计算出活性中心浓度和链增长速率常数 ,用扫描电镜观察了聚合过程中聚合物形态的变化 ,发现聚合是在催化剂的次级粒子上进行 ,催化剂粒子无明显破碎     

Effect of EtOH/MgCl(2) molar ratios on the catalytic properties of MgCl(2)-SiO(2)/TiCl(4) Ziegler-Natta catalyst for ethylene polymerization

MgCl(2)-SiO(2)/TiCl(4) Ziegler-Natta catalysts for ethylene polymerization were prepared by impregnation of MgCl(2) on SiO(2) in heptane and further treatment with TiCl(4). MgCl(2)·nEtOH adduct solutions were prepared with various EtOH/MgCl(2) molar ratios for preparation of the MgCl(2)-supported and MgCl(2)-SiO(2)-supported catalysts in order to investigate the effect on polymerization performance of both catalyst systems. The catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization decreased markedly with increased molar ratios of [EtOH]/[MgCl(2)] for the MgCl(2)-supported catalysts, while for the bi-supported catalysts, the activities only decreased slightly. The MgCl(2)-SiO(2)-supported catalyst had relatively constant activity, independent of the [EtOH]/[MgCl(2)] ratio. The lower [EtOH]/[MgCl(2)] in MgCl(2)-supported catalyst exhibited better catalytic activity. However, for the MgCl(2)-SiO(2)-supported catalyst, MgCl(2) can agglomerate on the SiO(2) surface at low [EtOH]/[MgCl(2)] thus not being not suitable for TiCl(4) loading. It was found that the optimized [EtOH]/[MgCl(2)] value for preparation of bi-supported catalysts having high activity and good spherical morphology with little agglomerated MgCl(2) was 7. Morphological studies indicated that MgCl(2)-SiO(2)-supported catalysts have good morphology with spherical shapes that retain the morphology of SiO(2). The BET measurement revealed that pore size is the key parameter dictating polymerization activity. The TGA profiles of the bi-supported catalyst also confirmed that it was more stable than the mono-supported catalyst, especially in the ethanol removal region.     

烷基铝对球形MgCl_2负载的茂金属催化剂催化乙烯聚合的影响

以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为助催化剂的茂金属催化剂虽然具有催化活性高、分子量分布窄、聚合物化学组成均匀等优点,但其极高的Al/Zr比和聚合物颗粒形态差等缺点限制了其工业化应用,因此对茂金属催化剂的负载化成为近年来的研究热点.在众多的载体中,球形MgCl2是研究得很少的一类载体,文献中曾采用先负载主催化剂茂金属配合物,聚合时再加入助催化剂MAO的方法[1],由于加入的MAO与主催化剂的络合能力很强,会使部分载上的主催化剂溶解下来,成为均相聚合[2,3],导致聚合物颗粒形态差,且粘釜现象严重.我们则采用相反的思路,即先将助催化剂MAO负载在球形MgCl2上,制得MgCl2/MAO,在聚合前再将MgCl2/MAO与Et[Ind]2ZrCl2混合陈化,并立即在少量烷基铝活化下引发乙烯聚合[4],实验结果表明,该催化剂聚合活性高、聚合物的颗粒形态好、且不粘釜,是一种新型的载体催化剂.由于烷基铝的加入可使催化剂的活性大幅度提高,所以本文将烷基铝也称作助催化剂,来研究其对该载体催化剂催化乙烯聚合的影响.     

Zirconium-catalyzed carboalumination of α-olefins and chain growth of aluminum alkyls: kinetics and mechanism

A mechanism based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics with competitive inhibition is proposed for both the Zr-catalyzed carboalumination of α-olefins and the Zr-catalyzed chain growth of aluminum alkyls from ethylene. AlMe(3) binds to the active catalyst in a rapidly maintained equilibrium to form a Zr/Al heterobimetallic, which inhibits polymerization and transfers chains from Zr to Al. The kinetics of both carboalumination and chain growth have been studied when catalyzed by [(EBI)Zr(μ-Me)(2)AlMe(2)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)]. In accord with the proposed mechanism, both reactions are first-order in [olefin] and [catalyst] and inverse first-order in [AlR(3)]. The position of the equilibria between various Zr/Al heterobimetallics and the corresponding zirconium methyl cations has been quantified by use of a Dixon plot, yielding K = 1.1(3) × 10(-4) M, 4.7(5) × 10(-4) M, and 7.6(7) × 10(-4) M at 40 °C in benzene for the catalyst species [rac-(EBI)Zr(μ-Me)(2)AlMe(2)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)], [Cp(2)Zr(μ-Me)(2)AlMe(2)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)], and [Me(2)C(Cp)(2)Zr(μ-Me)(2)AlMe(2)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] respectively. These equilibrium constants are consistent with the solution behavior observed for the [Cp(2)Zr(μ-Me)(2)AlMe(2)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] system, where all relevant species are observable by (1)H NMR. Alternative mechanisms for the Zr-catalyzed carboalumination of olefins involving singly bridged Zr/Al adducts have been discounted on the basis of kinetics and/or (1)H NMR EXSY experiments.