吡咯并吡咯二酮与低聚噻吩共聚物电荷传输性质的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论对吡咯并吡咯二酮(DPP)与噻吩形成共聚物的低聚物(PDPP-n T)m的电子结构及二体堆积模型的电荷传输性质进行计算.结果表明,随着聚合物单元内DPP浓度增加,噻吩数减少,聚合物分子的HOMO和LUMO能级同时降低,并且HOMO-LUMO带隙变小;链内相邻DPP单元的电子波函数有效重叠增大,显著改善了链内的电子传输能力;同时分子主链的刚性增强,使分子链间LUMO轨道重叠增强,电子转移积分增大;最终体系由p型向双极性材料转化.     

共轭聚合物薄膜中光生载流子的产生及输运机制

对共轭聚合物光生载流子的产生机制进行了初步探讨,分析了由最初产生的电子 空穴对经过晶格驰豫之后形成极化子 激子的热离化过程,认为同一链上的激子会迅速复合,只有链间激子对光电流作出贡献.研究了共轭聚合物中载流子的输运机制,导出了共聚物的电导率公式,其计算值与实验结果符合,我们认为是极化子的链间跃迁实现了整个共聚物的电导和光致发光,较好地解释了实验事实.     

基于苯并二噻吩和齐聚噻吩衍生物的光电性质理论研究

设计研究了以苯并二噻吩、齐聚噻吩为构筑单元,利用构筑单元间不同的连接方式构造的9个模型化合物,在pbe0/6-31G(d)水平上进行结构优化并计算分子的前线轨道、电离能、电子亲和势和重组能.利用重组能分析了设计分子的载流子传输能力.在TD-DFT水平上模拟了设计分子的吸收光谱.研究结果表明,设计分子光谱及传输性能与构筑单元间的连接方式紧密相关.当最长的齐聚噻吩连接在并噻吩上时具有最小的HOMO-LUMO能隙,最大吸收波长最长,且吸收强度大,是好的双极性传输材料.     

硅杂环戊二烯衍生物电子结构与光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/6-31G*方法, 对2,5位取代的硅杂环戊二烯(Silole)系列衍生物进行几何结构优化, 通过计算得到电离能、电子亲和势、空穴抽取能及电子抽取能等相关能量, 并使用TD-DFT方法研究其吸收光谱, 分析相关能量及光谱的变化规律. 采用单组态相互作用(CIS/6-31G*)方法优化得到它们的最低单重激发态(S1)结构, 在此基础上, 使用TD-DFT方法计算对应的发射光谱. 分析2,5位芳基取代硅杂环戊二烯衍生物(DADPS)激发态与基态的结构差异及原因, 研究前线分子轨道的分布情况, 并讨论发光特征及载流子传输性能. 研究结果表明, 激发态结构弛豫主要发生在Silole环和直接与2,5位芳基相连的部位; 前线轨道主要分布在Silole环和2,5位芳基上; 二吡咯取代物有望成为空穴传输材料, 二噻吩取代物和二呋喃取代物有望在发光器件中表现出较高的发光效率.     

紧束缚模型方法及其在DNA分子中的应用

近年来,紧束缚模型方法被广泛应用于计算生物大分子体系.本文从第一性原理出发,根据紧束缚近似的思想,推导出生物大分子体系中的单电子运动方程.在此基础上给出了紧束缚模型方法中所涉及参数(在位能和迁移积分)的计算公式,在理论上完善了紧束缚模型方法.我们将所提出的参数化方法应用于理想B型DNA分子,给出了各种序列组合下的在位能和迁移积分.此外,我们还计算了周期性DNA分子poly(A)-poly(T)和poly(G)-poly(C)中空穴在位能和迁移积分随格点间距离的变化,为改进现有的SSH极化子模型提供了新的思路,有助于DNA中电荷输运的极化子机理的研究.     

不同桥联二噻吩低带隙给受体共聚物的电子结构和光物理性质的理论研究

本文主要是通过分析吸收光谱性质来区分用于体异质结聚合物太阳能电池的两种不同桥联低带隙给受体共聚物PCPDTBT和PSBTBTS的激发态特征,进而通过分析电荷转移态（CT）特征来区分二者实现电荷分离的难易程度. 利用密度泛函理论(DFT/TD-DFT)B3LYP和CAM-B3LYP方法计算PSBTBT和PCPDTBT(n=1~4)的电子结构和光谱性质. 结果表明,从吸收光谱来看,PSBTBT与PCPDTBT的光谱相似,与太阳光谱的匹配能力相当. 而激子解离能表明二者的电荷转移态（CT）电荷分离的难易程度也相当. 然而用Si原子取代C原子后,C-Si键长明显长于C-C键长,降低了噻吩环和烷基链间的空间位阻,从而可能有利于其结晶度的提高,更加有利于载流子的传输,因此从理论上说明PSBTBT也可能具备高效太阳能电池给体材料的潜质.     

二邻苯二胺合镍(Ⅱ)载流子传输性能的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论UB3LYP方法, 对二邻苯二胺合镍(Ⅱ)(PHDANI)的基态和离子态几何结构进行全优化, 模拟其双自由基特性. 运用势能面曲线法计算了PHDANI的空穴和电子重组能. 从晶体结构中选出所有可能最近的载流子传输路径, 计算相应的传输积分, 结合Marcus电荷转移理论探讨PHDANI的载流子传输性质. 计算结果表明, 在单重态双自由基特性下, 空穴和电子的迁移率分别达到0.253和0.135 cm²·V^-1·s^-1, 空穴和电子传输迁移率都很高且能达到平衡, 从理论层面上阐明了PHDANI可以作为很好的双极性传输材料.     

实验与理论研究G-四链体中鸟嘌呤自由基阳离子脱质子反应

G-四链体传输空穴的特殊性质使其有望应用于发展分子电子器件.由于鸟嘌呤自由基阳离子（G^·+）脱质子反应会中断空穴传递,影响传递效率,我们对G-四链体AG₃（T₂AG₃）₃中G^·+脱质子过程展开了理论与实验的研究.根据瞬态紫外可见吸收光谱,确定了脱质子产物是G（N（2）-H）^·;通过测量不同温度下G^·+脱N（2）-H质子的速率常数,得到脱质子活化能为20.0±1.0 kJ/mol.进而,采用显性水和连续溶剂化模型相结合的方法模拟G-四链体中G^·+脱质子环境,在M062X/6-31G（d）水平上得到了脱质子势垒（26.4 kJ/mol）.结合实验值,理论计算的势能面描述了G-四链体中G^·+脱N2-H的过程.这些结果为G-四链体在电子器件方面的应用提供了重要依据和指导.     

苯-噻吩低聚物电子结构及载流子传输性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法对以低聚噻吩为端基、 苯并二噻吩(TPT)和并三噻吩(TTT)为共轭桥、 炔键为连接臂的20个模型化合物进行了计算研究. 在优化中性与离子态几何构型基础上, 获得了前线轨道能级、 电离能(IPs)、 电子亲和势(EAs)、 空穴/电子重组能(λ_h/λ_e)、 载流子迁移率(μ_h/μ_e)及吸收光谱等信息. 结果表明, 炔键的引入及端基低聚噻吩的增加对LUMO能级的调控作用较为显著, 而共轭桥的类型对HOMO能级影响较大; 合理选择端基、 共轭桥和连接臂等结构单元可对该类材料吸光波段及强度进行有效调节. 一维电荷传输模型结果表明, 所设计的化合物均是潜在的双极性有机半导体材料, 其中2,7-二([2,2':5',2'-三噻吩]-5-基)苯并[1,2-b:6,5-b']二噻吩(A3)和2,7-二(二噻吩并噻吩-2-基乙炔基)苯并[1,2-b:6,5-b']二噻吩(a-3)具有较高的电子迁移率, 值得进一步的实验探索研究.     

蒽类衍生物的电荷传输性质

以具有较高迁移率的对称取代类蒽的衍生物{2,6-二[2-(4-戊基苯基)乙烯基]蒽,DPPVAnt;2,6-二-噻吩蒽,DTAnt;2,6-二[2-己基噻吩]蒽,DHTAnt}为研究对象,采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)的基组水平上研究了三种蒽类衍生物的分子结构、电子结构、重组能和电荷传输积分,采用Einstein关系式计算了室温下的载流子迁移率,并与蒽的相关计算结果进行了比较.DPPVAnt是较好的空穴传输材料,其空穴迁移率为0.49cm2·V-1·s-1;DHTAnt有利于电子传输,其电子迁移率为0.12cm2·V-1·s-1;而DTAnt是一种较好的双极性材料,其空穴迁移率和电子迁移率分别为0.069和0.060cm2·V-1·s-1.计算得到的迁移率与实验结果处于同一数量级.三种蒽类衍生物的电子重组能与蒽的相近,而空穴重组能均大于蒽的空穴重组能,大小顺序为蒽DPPVAntDTAntDHTAnt.这与计算的迁移率结果不一致,说明分子的堆积结构决定材料的电荷传输性质.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.