The nature of the predominant acceptors in high quality zinc telluride

We report very sharp bound exciton luminescence spectra in high quality melt-grown very lightly compensated ZnTe, p-type with N_A-N_D in the low 10⁺¹⁵ cm^-3. Bound exciton localisation energies at seven shallow neutral acceptors with E_A between ~55 and ~150 meV are very insensitive to E_A. Optical absorption and dye laser luminescence excitation spectroscopy were necessary to obtain a full separation of the transitions due to different acceptors, together with a study of certain ‘two-hole’ luminescence satellites in which the acceptor is left in a series of orbital states after bound exciton decay. Two shallow acceptors are P_Te and As_Te, a third possibly Li_Zn while a fourth, relatively prominent in our best undoped crystals, may be a complex. A deeper, 150 meV acceptor, frequently reported in the ZnTe literature and electrically dominant in most of our undoped crystals has the Zeeman character of a point defect. We present clear evidence from our spectra that this energy does not represent the binding of a single hole at a doubly ionized cation vacancy, a popular attribution since 1963. This acceptor may be covered by another impurity, possibly Cu_Zn. We also report bound phonon effects, lifetime broadening of excited bound exciton states and observe a single unidentified donor with E_D ~18.5 meV. This energy is determined using selective dye laser excitation at the weak neutral donor bound exciton line and from the onset of valence band to ionized donor photo-absorption.     

Fine-structure mixing of excited states of cesium atoms upon an impact on the surface of a sapphire single crystal

The spectrum of resonantly excited luminescence of Cs atoms in a microcell with sapphire windows has been studied. Spectral wings of atomic luminescence near the windows have been revealed near (±50 cm^?1) the D2 line of the excited 6S _1/2–6P _3/2 transition. At the same time, the radiation of the D1 line has been found. The features of the spectrum of the far wings, namely, the exponential shape and the relatively small difference between the static and the antistatic wings, as well as the radiation of the D1 line, have been explained by the mixing of fine-structure states due to interactions of Cs atoms with the sapphire windows. From the relative intensity of the lines, it has been determined that the probability of luminescence quenching at the window surfaces differs from unity by no less than 1/700.     

Excited states of the donor-exciton complex in CdS

The excitation spectrum of the I₂ recombination line of the donor-exciton complex (D⁰, X) in CdS exhibits a set of nine distinct resonances. They represent transitions into excited (D⁰, X) states as shown by polarization, temperature, and magnetic field dependent measurements. The investigation of several sample series involving chemically different donor centers indicates that each donor center is responsible for a shift of the whole set of (D⁰, X) states but its influence is weakened for higher excited states. The analysis of the resonances reported requires an extended (D⁰, X) term scheme and a renewed assignment of the optical transitions to the possible electronic excited states of this complex.     

Far-infrared magneto-absorption of donor-bound excitons in germanium: Pseudo-acceptor model

The magneto-oscillatory absorption spectrum of the arsenic-bound excitons in germanium observed at 118.6 μm reveals a series of absorption lines similar to the Zeeman spectrum of the acceptor impurity. This fact indicates that the bound excitons have the excited states associated with the light-hole Landau ladders and these excited states can be described by the model of a hole bound to the D^- state, i.e. the pseudo-acceptor model. The hole binding energy of the ground state of the bound excitons has been obtained to be 4.7 meV, which is smaller compared with the binding energy of the acceptor impurity.     

Crystal field and exchange interactions in the SmFe3(BO3)4 multiferroic

The optical spectra of oriented SmFe₃(BO₃)₄ single crystals are studied in the region of the f-f transitions in the Sm³⁺ ion by Fourier spectroscopy. The energies, the symmetry properties, and the exchange splittings of the Stark sublevels of the ground and 17 excited multiplets of the Sm³⁺ ion in a crystal field of symmetry D ₃ are determined from the measured temperature dependences of polarized-radiation absorption spectra. The parameters of the crystal field acting on samarium ions and the parameters of the exchange interaction between Sm³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions are found. The anisotropy of the effective exchange interaction is shown to be substantially stronger than the magnetic anisotropy, due to a strong crystal-field-induced mixing of the ground and excited multiplets.     

Low rotational transitions of the CF3H molecule: The pressure-induced shift and broadening

Using a microwave spectrometer with a radioacoustic signal detection, the absorption profiles in the multiplets of the low rotational transitions J’?J = 2?1, 3?2, 4?3, and 5?4 of the ¹²CF₃H molecule in the ground vibrational state at pressures of pure gaseous CF₃H from 0.1 to 1.3 Torr when all the K components of the multiplets merge into a single spectral line are studied. The parameters of the pressure-induced shift and broadening of the observed lines are determined by comparing the theoretically modeled absorption signal and the experimental spectrum. The model used takes into account weak lines corresponding to the excited vibrational states v₃ and v₆ of the ¹³CHF₃ molecule and the instrumental features of the spectrometer. The observed multiplet is simulated as an isolated Lorentzian line and as a sum of the profiles of the K components with known unshifted positions and known amplitude ratio. The shift and broadening parameters obtained in both cases are shown to agree well with each other. The dependences of the shift and broadening parameters on the quantum number J are analyzed and compared with the previously obtained data for the lines J’?J = 1?0 and 2?1.     

Influence of magnetic ordering on electronic structure of Tb<Superscript>3+</Superscript> ion in TbFe<Subscript>3</Subscript>(BO<Subscript>3</Subscript>)<Subscript>4</Subscript> crystal

Optical absorption spectra of trigonal crystal TbFe₃(BO₃)₄ have been studied in the region of ⁷F₆ → ⁵D₄ transition in Tb³⁺ ion depending on temperature (2–220 K) and on magnetic field (0–60 kOe). Splitting of the Tb³⁺ excited states, both under the influence of the external magnetic field and effective exchange field of the Fe-sublattice, have been determined. Landé factors of the excited states have been found. Stepwise splitting of one of the absorption lines has been discovered in the region of the Fe-sublattice magnetic ordering temperature. This is shown to be due to the abrupt change of equilibrium geometry of the local Tb³⁺ ion environment only in the excited state of the Tb³⁺ ion. In general, the magnetic ordering is accompanied by temperature variations of the Tb³⁺ local environment in the excited states. The crystal field splitting components have been identified. In particular, it has been shown that the ground state (in D ₃ symmetry approximation) consists of two close singlet states of A ₁ and A ₂ type, which are split and magnetized by effective exchange field of the Fe-sublattice. Orientations of magnetic moments of the excited electronic states relative to that of the ground state have been experimentally determined in the magnetically ordered state of the crystal. A pronounced shift of one of absorption lines has been observed in the vicinity of the TbFe₃(BO₃)₄ structural phase transition. The temperature interval of coexistence of the phases is about 3 K.     

Impurity magneto-optical absorption with the participation of resonance states of D 2 − centers in quantum wells

The dependence of the average binding energy of the resonance g-state of a D ₂ ^? center on the induction of an external magnetic field in a quantum well with a parabolic confining potential is studied using the zero-range potential method. It has been shown that with an increasing exchange interaction, the character of the dependence of the average binding energy of the resonance g-state of the D ₂ ^? center on the induction of the external magnetic field changes. It has been assumed that in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells alloyed with small Si donors, resonance D ₂ ^? states can exist under conditions of exchange interaction. It has been found that in spectra of impurity magneto-optical absorption in multiwall quantum structures, exchange interaction manifests itself as oscillations of interference origin.     

The spectra of YF+ and YF molecules in the 3400–3700 Å region

The violet-degraded band system (3400–3700 Å) has been found in the spectrum of a discharge through helium with a trace of YF₃ vapor. The emitter of this system is the hitherto unknown YF⁺ ion. Vibrational analysis of the band system has been carried out. Rotational analysis has shown that the bands are due to the ²Π-²Δ transition. Molecular orbital configurations which give rise to both participating states are discussed. The ¹Σ-X¹Σ (0-0) band of YF (λ3572 Å) obtained in absorption has been reanalyzed.     

Rotational analyses of the A1Π-X1Σ+ and the a3Π-X1Σ+ systems of AlBr

The absorption spectrum of the A¹Π-X¹Σ⁺ system and the emission spectrum of the a³Π-X¹Σ⁺ system of AlBr have been examined at higher resolution than previously used. The present study has produced a significantly improved set of molecular constants for these excited states of AlBr. All data have been fitted in a self-consistent manner for an optimum set of constants. The broadening of features in the A-X system has been attributed to type c⁺ predissociation in the A¹Π state. Also, a comparison is made between the emission and absorption spectra of the A-X system.     

Specific features of magneto-optical spectra of Tb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ga<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript>

The spectra of magnetic circular dichroism in the range of the ⁷ F ₆→⁵ D ₄ absorption band and the spectra of magnetic circular polarization of luminescence in the range of the ⁵ D ₄→⁷ F ₅ band in the terbium-gallium garnet Tb₃Ga₅O₁₂ are studied at a temperature of 80 K. The optical transitions between the Stark sublevels of the ⁷ F ₆, ⁷ F ₅, and ⁵ D ₄ multiplets are identified based on the analysis of the magneto-optical and optical spectra. It is shown that the experimentally determined symmetry and energy of the Stark sublevels of these multiplets confirm the results of numerical calculations of the energy spectrum of the Tb³⁺ rare-earth ion in terbium-gallium garnet.     

Absorption Spectrum from Europium Ions in Europium Oxychloride,EuOCl

We have recorded part of the UV-visible region of the electronic spectrum of EuOCl at both 292 and 77 K by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Illumination of the sample and collection of the reflected light was accomplished through the use of an all-quartz fiberoptic probe. Several absorption maxima were observed which result from transitions from the ⁷F₀ ground state and ⁷F₁ excited state to the ⁵D₄ ⁵G_2,4,6 ⁵L₆, and ⁵D₃ excited states of the Eu³⁺ ion.     

Properties of the absorption spectrum due to the Gamma;1+ → Γ4− transition

We present results for the absorption spectrum due to a localized Γ₁⁺ → Γ₄^? transition that take into account the properties of the linear electron- phonon (e-p) interactions transforming as Γ₁⁺, Γ₃⁺ and Γ₅⁺ in the excited electronic state, in the cases of strong and weak e-p interaction coupling. We show that in the strong e-p interaction coupling limit the asymmetric shape of the structured band is due to the commutation relations of the e-p interaction matrices. Moreover, in the weak coupling limit we present an expression for the spectrum line shape obtained by taking into account the time ordering of the e-p interaction matrices and the phonon propagators at all times. It is shown in the latter case that the densities of phonon states corresponding to the electronic excited state are different from those corresponding to the ground state, and the e-p coupling constants are redefined due to the Jahn-Teller interactions.     

Near-infrared absorption of MgF2:Fe2+

The multiphonon sideband of the spin allowed transition 6T_2g:A₁ ? 2〉 → 6E_g:B₃ ? 2〉 within the 3d⁶ orbital of Fe²⁺ in D_2h symmetry was analyzed with respect to the one phonon absorption and density of states of the coupled phonon modes. Temperature dependence of the zero-phonon line shows, that the axial anisotropy of the S = 2 spin multiplet in the excited B₃ state is about 0.9 cm^-1.     

Spectral and luminescent study of reduced forms of Pd-octaethylporphin

It is shown by electron absorption spectroscopy methods that the reduction of Pd-octaethylporphin does not touch the unfilled d _x ²-_y ² orbitals of metal. In the reduction products (mono-and dianions), excess electrons are distributed on the lowest vacant molecular e _g (π*) orbital of the ligand. This does not contradict the results of the quantum-chemical calculation of electronic states of neutral Pd-porphyrins by the extended Hückel method that are presented in the literature. Differences in electronic absorption spectra of π-anions of Pd and Zn complexes are attributed to the distortion of the plane geometry of the tetrapyrrole skeleton due to the displacement of the Pd(II) ion from the macrocycle plane. Mono-and dianions of their Pd complex lose the ability to be luminescent. The emissive capacity is reconstructed in the product of π-dianion protonation, which is called phlorin-anion (π-monoanion of Pd-octaethylporphin phlorin). As the temperature is decreased from room temperature to 77 K, the fluorescence spectrum of this product becomes narrower, its peak shifts to the blue region, and the quantum yield of luminescence increases. Specific features of the spectral properties of phlorin-anion are described by conformational changes in the excited state. Phlorin-anion was found to quench luminescence of neutral Pd-octaethylporphin molecules at room temperature.     

Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy of D2O between 12 850 and 13 380 cm

The high resolution absorption spectrum of dideuterated water, D₂O, has been recorded by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICLAS) in the 12 850-13 380 cm⁻¹ spectral region which is the higher energy region reported so far for this water isotopologue. Very high deuterium enrichment was necessary to minimize the HDO absorption lines overlapping the D₂O spectrum. The achieved sensitivity (noise equivalent absorption α_min ∼ 10⁻⁹ cm⁻¹) allowed detecting transitions with line strengths on the order of 5 × 10⁻²⁸ cm/molecule. The spectrum analysis, based on recent variational calculations has provided a set of 422 new rovibrational energy levels belonging to 11 vibrational states, including rotational sublevels for four new vibrational states and one level of the (0 9 1) highly excited bending state. The very weak (1 0 4)-(0 0 0) band at 13 263.902 cm⁻¹, which is the highest D₂¹⁶O band currently observed, could be assigned despite the fact that the HDO absorption in the region is stronger by three orders of magnitude. The list of 996 D₂¹⁶O transitions is provided as Supplementary Material.     

Optical absorption spectra and magnetic phase transitions in TbFe<Subscript>3</Subscript>(BO<Subscript>3</Subscript>)<Subscript>4</Subscript>

Optical absorption spectra of the trigonal crystal of TbFe₃(BO₃)₄ in the vicinity of the ⁷F₆ → ⁵D₄ transition in a Tb³⁺ ion were studied as a function of temperature (2–70 K) and magnetic field strength (0–60 kOe) at 2 K. The splitting of the excited states of Tb³⁺ due to both the magnetic ordering of iron and an external magnetic field was determined. Abrupt splitting of the absorption lines of Tb³⁺ at temperature T_N of the magnetic ordering of the subsystem of iron was revealed, suggesting that the nature of such splitting is not entirely magnetic.     

Anomalous homogeneous optical absorption line broadening of Eu3+ in superionic PbF2

Homogeneous broadening of one of the ⁵D₁←⁷F₀ absorption lines of Eu³⁺ in PbF₂ was measured in the temperature range 300–800 K. Below 625 K the linewidth depends linearly on T; above 625 K it increases rapidly followed by a plateau beginning near 700 K. This behavior is quite distinct from that expected for the normal Raman process in crystalline materials and appears to be correlated with F^- ion motion responsible for the superionic conductivity of PbF₂.     

Determination of the lifetime of the 4p 1/2-state of potassium by Hanle-effect

The lifetime of the first excited 4P _1/2-state of potassium has been determined to be τ=27.3(3) nsec by investigating the intensity of the scattered resonance light of the potassiumD ₁-line as a function of a magnetic field. From this result the absorption oscillator strength of theD ₁-line of potassium could be deduced to bef=0.326(4).