胶质碳球为模板制备NiO空心球

以胶质碳球为模板、六亚甲基四胺为沉淀剂,在乙醇中溶剂热反应,再经500℃煅烧6 h制备了NiO空心球。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和低温氮吸附-脱附,对NiO的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明溶剂热反应时间是制备完整NiO空心球的关键因素,溶剂热反应12 h,再经空气中煅烧,可制得形貌均一的NiO空心球。所得产物是由NiO纳米粒子组装而成的具有多孔结构的空心球。同时,本文对NiO空心球结构的形成过程和可能机理进行了分析和讨论。     

新型氧化铝空心球的制备及表征

以胶体碳球为模板, 廉价的硝酸铝为铝源, 成功制备出了新型的大小可控的氧化铝空心球. 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量扩散X射线(EDX)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等手段对合成产品进行了表征, 并考察了不同合成条件对空心球形貌的影响. 实验结果表明, 合成的氧化铝空心球大小均一, 粒径及壁厚均可调节. 在该实验条件下, 硝酸铝浓度及吸附时间的改变对产品结果没有明显的影响, 而吸附温度的改变引起了产品表面光滑度及壁厚的改变.     

聚苯乙烯球模板法制备二氧化钛纳米环

TiO2 nanorings were synthesized using the polystyrene nanospheres of 85 nm prepared by micro-emulsion polymerization as template. The result TiO2 nanorings were characterized by FE-SEM and XRD. Results showed that the inner diameter of the TiO2 nanorings matched size of the polystyrene nanospheres used, and the thickness with nanometer size depended on that of the TiO2 gel coated on the PS surface.     

基于pH响应型微凝胶模板的二氧化锰空心球制备

以pH响应型微凝胶为模板制备出了二氧化锰空心球材料,并利用XRD、TGA、SEM、FT—IR和TEM等手段对其进行了表征．结果表明,通过调节KMn04的用量可以有效控制二氧化锰空心球的球壳厚度．对洗脱后上层清夜中的pH响应型微凝胶进一步研究发现,部分微凝胶呈现出非可逆的膨胀一收缩转变,这一现象主要是由于其内部的交联程度不高造成的．在对表征结果进行分析后提出了空心球结构的形成机理．     

硅球多层模板溶胶浸渍法制备有序多孔TiO2薄膜

采用垂直沉积法组装了平均球径为188 nm的三维有序二氧化硅微球阵列。以该阵列为模板，通过在TiO₂前驱体溶胶中多次浸渍热处理循环，随后采用超声辅助的NaOH溶液腐蚀去除硅球模板，制备了>20层厚的反转结构的二氧化钛多孔膜。该二氧化钛薄膜在550 ℃下热处理20 h其多孔结构保持不变，表明采用此方法制备的二氧化钛多孔膜具有较好的热稳定性。X射线衍射图表明550 ℃下热处理得到的是具有锐钛矿结构的二氧化钛多孔膜。透光光谱显示了光子带隙出现在～400 nm。通过SEM观察，二氧化钛多孔膜     

溶胶凝胶模板法制备SiO2:Sm3+纳米阵列材料

采用溶胶凝胶模板法制备了不同Sm3+掺量的SiO2:Sm3+纳米阵列材料,通过SEM、EDS、FTIR等对材料的形貌和结构进行测试表征.FTIR分析表明Sm3+进入SiO2网络结构形成了Si-O-Sm键.SEM、EDS分析显示Sm3+掺量的增大促使阵列由纳米管向纳米线的转变.此外,腐蚀清洗等后处理工艺对保持纳米阵列的形貌至关重要.最后,讨论了溶胶凝胶模板法制备SiO2;Sm3+纳米阵列的机理.     

胶体模板法制备有序大孔TiO2材料

以单分散的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球为胶体模板, 采用钛酸丁酯、水、乙醇、盐酸等配成的混合溶胶填充在微球间间隙, 经水解形成凝胶, 然后通过程序升温焙烧去掉单分散的PMMA微球, 可得有序TiO₂大孔材料. 实验结果表明, 溶胶的配比为V(钛酸丁酯)∶V(水)∶V(乙醇)∶V(盐酸)＝5∶2∶3∶1, 在空气中凝胶20 h. 去掉单分散的PMMA微球的程序升温控制的条件为1 ℃/min的升温速率升到250 ℃恒定3 h, 再以2 ℃/min的升温速率升到450 ℃恒定8 h, 最后以10 ℃/min的降温速率降到室温.     

胶体模板法制备有序大孔TiO2材料

以单分散的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球为胶体模板, 采用钛酸丁酯、水、乙醇、盐酸等配成的混合溶胶填充在微球间间隙, 经水解形成凝胶, 然后通过程序升温焙烧去掉单分散的PMMA微球, 可得有序TiO₂大孔材料. 实验结果表明, 溶胶的配比为V(钛酸丁酯)∶V(水)∶V(乙醇)∶V(盐酸)＝5∶2∶3∶1, 在空气中凝胶20 h. 去掉单分散的PMMA微球的程序升温控制的条件为1 ℃/min的升温速率升到250 ℃恒定3 h, 再以2 ℃/min的升温速率升到450 ℃恒定8 h, 最后以10 ℃/min的降温速率降到室温.     

以L-苯甘氨酸衍生物为模板制备介孔SiO_2纳米空心球

用L-苯甘氨酸合成了L-苯甘氨酸衍生物阳离子两亲化合物,以其自组装体为模板,采用四乙氧基硅烷为硅源,制备了介孔SiO_2空心球.结果表明,制备的介孔SiO_2纳米粒子直径50~200nm,孔径3.8nm左右,孔道成平行排列.     

PAMAM树形分子为模板低温制备纳米硫化锌空心球

Hollow ZnS spheres have been prepared in the presence of generation 3.5 poly (amidoamine) dendrimers with surface ester groups (G3.5-COOCH3 PAMAM dendrimer) as synthetic matrix template. The products obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis absorption. TEM studies show that the hollow spheres with diameters ranging from 80 to 100 nm are prepared. The range of wall thickness was estimated to be about 20～30 nm. It was found that the concentration of PAMAM dendrimer had a significant influence on the formation of hollow ZnS spheres. The possible formation mechanism of the hollow spherical structure is also discussed.     

Fabrication of functional hollow carbon spheres with large hollow interior as active colloidal catalysts

In this study,we have established a facile method to synthesize functional hollow carbon spheres with large hollow interior,which can act as active colloidal catalysts.The method includes the following steps:first,hollow polymer spheres with large hollow interior were prepared using sodium oleate as the hollow core generator,and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and hexamethylene tetramine(HMT) as the polymer precursors under hydrothermal conditions;Fe 3+ or Ag + cations were then introduced into the as-prepared hollow polymer spheres through the carboxyl groups;finally,the hollow polymer spheres can be pseudomorphically converted to hollow carbon spheres during pyrolysis process,meanwhile iron or silver nanoparticles can also be formed in the carbon shell simultaneously.The structures of the obtained functional hollow carbon spheres were characterized by TEM,XRD,and TG.As an example,Ag-doped hollow carbon spheres were used as colloid catalysts which showed high catalytic activity in 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction.     

TiO2/SnO2复合空心球在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用模板辅助法制备了SnO2/TiO2复合空心球,样品直径为1.5~4.0μm,比表面积达到了92.9 m^2·g^-1,复合空心球表现出优越的光散射性能.以这种复合空心球作为染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极,电池的光电转换效率可达到7.72%,高于SnO2微米球(2.70%)和TiO2微米球(6.26%).此外,以锐钛矿型TiO2纳米晶作为底层,SnO2/TiO2复合空心球作为光散射层制备的双层结构光阳极,电池光电转换效率进一步提升至8.43%.     

SnO_2纳米棒负载Pd-Cu空心球催化剂的制备及其对乙醇氧化电催化性能研究

本文通过简单溶剂热反应合成棒状SnO2,然后以谷氨酸为添加剂,乙二醇为分散剂和还原剂,溶剂热合成SnO2纳米棒负载的Pd-Cu球形空壳催化剂.透射电镜结果表明Pd-Cu空心球粒径大约100 nm,并且分布均匀.电化学测试结果表明,该催化剂对乙醇氧化表现出较高的电催化活性和稳定性,其中电流密度可达119.4 mA cm?2,研究表明,合适的金属氧化物的引入可使催化剂释放更多的活性位点从而提高催化剂的电催化活性.     

以手性两亲小分子自组装体为模板制备介孔二氧化硅空心球

合成了手性阳离子型两亲性小分子化合物,利用圆二色谱分析了其在水中形成的自组装体的结构;以该化合物的自组装体为模板,在正丙醇和氨水的混合溶剂中制备得到了介孔二氧化硅空心球;利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪以及氮气吸附-脱附试验装置分析了二氧化硅空心球的形貌及孔结构.结果表明,两亲性小分子在水中形成的自组装体呈现手性堆积;合成的介孔二氧化硅空心球的直径约为600~800nm,壁厚约为100~150nm,其孔道垂直于球的表面,孔径约为3.0nm,比表面积约为306m2·g-1.正丙醇作为模板控制二氧化硅空心球的空腔尺寸和形貌,而两亲性小分子的自组装体作为模板控制放射状孔道的形貌和尺寸.     

空心球壳型V2O5的制备研究

无机空心微球含可容纳大量客体的中空部分,具有比表面积大、密度小、表面渗透能力强、稳定性好等特点,在化学、生物、材料科学和光电领域均有重要的应用,如控制释放胶囊(药物、颜料、化妆品、油墨)、催化剂及催化剂载体、分离材料、声学隔音材料以及电子学元件等。[1-3]空心球壳材料的制备方法通常有喷雾干燥法,乳液法[4],模板合成法[5]。近年来以胶体粒子为模板合成空心材料引起了人们的高度重视,其中聚苯乙烯微球(PSt)由于其形貌规整,粒径均一而被广泛用作形成空心结构的有机模板[6]。通过对锂离子电池正极材料的广泛研究,发现空心球壳型…     

分级微纳结构TiO2空心球的制备及其在DSSC中的应用

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,无水乙醇为溶剂,通过碳球模板法制备出直径为200nm、壳厚20～25nm的TiO2空心球（HS）.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和N2吸附脱附等对产物的形貌、晶相组成、孔结构和紫外-可见光谱性质进行了表征,结果显示所制备的锐钛矿相TiO2空心微球是由初级结构纳米级TiO2晶粒构成的.将这种TiO2空心球应用于染料敏化太阳电池（DSSC）领域可以提高光阳极对光的散射.通过制备P25/HS-TiO2双层膜电极,相比单纯的P25纳米晶电极（Jsc=13.5mAcm？2,Voc=0.653V,FF=0.53,η=4.95%）可以得到更高的光电转化效率（Jsc=15.79mAcm？2,Voc=0.653V,FF=0.55,η=6.66%）.     

Copper-mediated synthesis of PdI_2 colloidal spheres

A novel copper-mediated solvothermal method was proposed for synthesizing colloidal spheres of a new composition,palladium iodide(PdI2).Typical procedure was designed to involve the introduction of cupric chloride(CuCl2) as weak oxidant.CuCl2 was found to be essential for preventing the easy formation of palladium deposits as well as facilitating the synthesis and assembly.Under the co-effect of CuCl2 and the surfactant of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),neutral PdI2 colloidal spheres with narrow size distributio...     

A spontaneous combustion reaction for synthesizing Pt hollow capsules using colloidal carbon spheres as templates

Here we report a spontaneous combustion reaction in synthesizing Pt hollow capsules. In brief, Pt nanoparticles were loaded on the surface of colloidal carbon spheres by wet-chemical impregnation. When Pt-loaded carbon spheres were taken out of an argon-filled tube furnace at room temperature and exposed to air, they underwent spontaneous combustion. The internal carbon spheres templates were removed to leave nanostructured Pt hollow capsules. There are at least two critical conditions for the occurrence of the spontaneous combustion: the Pt particle size is below 5.8 nm, and the hydrogen content in the carbon spheres is above 2.570 wt %. Such a reaction is interesting for the preparation of metal hollow spheres and is also relevant with respect to removal of accumulated carbon on catalysts and for soot oxidation at room temperature.     

A novel and facile preparation method of hollow silica spheres containing small SiO2 cores

This article presents a novel and facile preparation method of hollow silica spheres with loading small silica inside. In this approach, positively charged SiO₂/polystyrene core‐shell composite particles were synthesized first, when the silica shells from the sol‐gel process of tetraethoxysilane were then coated on the surfaces of composite particles via electrostatic interaction, the polystyrene was dissolved subsequently even synchronously in the same medium to form hollow silica spheres with small silica cores. TEM, SEM, and FTIR measurements were used to characterize these composite spheres. Based on this study, some inorganic or organic compounds could be loaded into these hollow silica spheres. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3431–3439, 2007     

Use of carbonaceous polysaccharide microspheres as templates for fabricating metal oxide hollow spheres

A general method for the synthesis of metal oxide hollow spheres has been developed by using carbonaceous polysaccharide microspheres prepared from saccharide solution as templates. Hollow spheres of a series of metal oxides (SnO2, Al2O3, Ga2O3, CoO, NiO, Mn3O4, Cr2O3, La2O3, Y2O3, Lu2O3, CeO2, TiO2, and ZrO2) have been prepared in this way. The method involves the initial absorption of metal ions from solution into the functional surface layer of carbonaceous saccharide microspheres; these are then densified and cross-linked in a subsequent calcination and oxidation procedure to form metal oxide hollow spheres. Metal salts are used as starting materials, which widens the accessible field of metal oxide hollow spheres. The carbonaceous colloids used as templates have integral and uniform surface functional layers, which makes surface modification unnecessary and ensures homogeneity of the shell. Macroporous films or cheese-like nanostructures of oxides can also be prepared by slightly modified procedures. XRD, TEM, HRTEM, and SAED have been used to characterize the structures. In a preliminary study on the gas sensitivity of SnO2 hollow spheres, considerably reduced "recovery times" were noted, exemplifying the distinct properties imparted by the hollow structure. These hollow or porous nanostructures have the potential for diverse applications, such as in gas sensitivity or catalysis, or as advanced ceramic materials.