A study of the dioxane lignins of Althaea nudiflora and A. rosea

Summary 1. The lignin has been isolated from the stems of the cotton plant of a late period of vegetation by the hydrochloric acid method. The elementary composition and functional groups have been determined. The mean composition for a C₆-C₃ structural unit has been determined.2. By the oxidation of a powder of the stems of the cotton plant with nitrobenzene in the presence of alkali it has been established that the hydrochloric acid lignin is more condensed than the DLA.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 648–650, September–October, 1975.     

Study of the lignin of cotton plants of the variety AN Bayaut-2. I

The dioxane lignin has been isolated from ripe stems of a cotton plant of the variety AN Bayaut-2. Its developed empirical formula has been derived, its UV, IR, and PMR spectra have been recorded, and its molecular weight has been determined. It has been shown that the dioxane lignins of the stems of cotton plants of different varieties differ in chemical structure.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 101–104, January–February, 1986.     

A study of the lignin of the sea island cotton plant of variety S-6030

The dioxane lignin has been isolated by Pepper's method with a yield of 9.5% on the Komarov lignin from the ripe stems of the sea island cotton plant of variety S-6030. The developed emperical formula has been calculated, the IR and UV spectra have been taken, and the molecular-mass distribution has been studied. The dioxane lignin is polydisperse. M_w=10,100, M_n=5350.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 628–630, September–October, 1983.     

Study of the lignin of a cotton plant of the variety S-6524

The dioxane lignin (DLA) has been isolated from ripe stems of a cotton plant of the variety S-6524, and its empirical formula and molecular mass have been determined. This DLA differed from the DLA of a cotton plant of variety 108-F by a lower degree of hydroxylation and a higher degree of substitution of the aromatic rings.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 62 73 48. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 430–431, May–June, 1994.     

Quantitative1H and13C NMR spectroscopies of cottonplant dioxane lignin

A comparative analysis has been made of the dioxane lignins of the stems, seedling shoots, and seed coats of the cotton plant. The ratio of p-hydroxyaromatic, guaiacyl, and syringyl units in the macromolecules of the lignins has been determined, and so have the amounts of functional groups and bonds. It has been established that the main difference between the dioxane lignins from seedling shoots and seed coats of the cotton plant, on the one hand, and the lignin from the woody stems, on the other hand is a lower content of syringyl and guaiacyl units in the former.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 798–808, November–December, 1994.     

Isolation of hemigossypol quinone from a cotton plant infected with wilt

Summary From the stems of the cotton plant infected with the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. has been isolated a quinone derivative of hemigossypol — hemigossypolone — for which the structure 8-formyl-6,7-dihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is proposed, and its fungitoxicity has been determined.Division of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 341–344, May–June, 1977.     

The lignin of the sea island cotton plant of variety S-6030 affected by fusarial wilt. I

A comparative study of the dioxane lignins isolated from healthy and wilt-affected cotton plant stems has shown thatFusarium fungi demethylate lignin and make it more oxidized than the lignin from healthy stems.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 825–827, November–December, 1985.     

A study of cotton lignin

Summary 1. In a study of the cotton plant with respect to its vegetation period, it has been established that as it develops the amount of extractive substances in it decreases and the amount of lignin, cellulose, and pentosans increases.2. The ratio of the main components of the combined aldehydes obtained in the oxidation of the cotton plant material with nitrobenzene in an alkaline medium (vanillin and syringaldehyde) does not remain constant. At the beginning of the vegetation period the vanillin predominates, and then the amounts of the two aldehydes become equal.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 103–105, January–February, 1972.     

An investigation of cottonseed globulins. XXI. The 11S globulins of two varieties of the cotton plant

The 11S globulins of two varieties of the cotton plant — 108-F and Tashkent-1 — have been studied. It has been shown that the 11S globulins do not differ in quaternary structure and each consists of three subunits A, B, and C. It has been found that the subunits of these varieties differ in their amino acid compositions and the peptide maps of tryptic and chymotryptic hydrolysates.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 680–684, September–October, 1979.     

Influence of additions of anthraquinone on the alkaline hydrolysis of cotton-plant lignin

The action of catalytic amounts of anthraquinone on the alkaline hydrolysis of the stems and dioxane lignin of the cotton plant of the ssp.mexicanium has been investigated. It has been established that this leads to a substantial increase in the yield of low-molecular-weight hydrolysis products. Analysis of the monomeric fractions of the hydrolysis products by the GLC method has shown the presence in them of large amounts of substances with a p-coumaryl structure. This, and also the low level of syringyl derivatives, may be caused by the demethoxylation of the lignin under the conditions described.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 391–395, May–June, 1985.     

Lipids of cottonseed kernels

The free, bound, and strongly bound lipids of the seed kernels of the cotton plant of variety 108-F have been studied. It has been shown that the free and bound lipids include 97.3% and 47.6% of neutral lipids, respectively. The polar lipids consist mainly of phospholipids and glycolipids. Two groups of glycolipids — sterol glycosides and glycosylglycerides — have been isolated and their compositions have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 435–438, July–August, 1983.     

Polysaccharides of the cell walls of fungi pathogenic for the cotton plant

The dynamics of the secretion of polysaccharides by fungi pathogenic for the cotton plant — Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum — have been studied. An alkaline hydrolysate of the fungal cell walls has been obtained. Total fractions of the polysaccharides have been separated on Sephadex G-50 and Acrilex P-4, and their monosaccharide compositions have been determined.Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 41 71 29. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 198–201, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted October 19, 1994.     

Influence of demethylated lignin on the alkaline hydrolysis of cottonplant lignin

This paper gives information about the influence of demethylated lignin on the alkaline hydrolysis of the natural lignin of the cotton plant under various conditions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 89-14-75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 537–541, July–August, 1994.     

A study of dioxane lignin from bolls of the cotton plant of variety AN Bayaut-2 II

The dioxane lignin was isolated from ripe bolls of a medium-fiber cotton plant of the variety AN Bayaut-2. Its developed empirical formula was derived, its UV, IR, and PMR spectra were recorded, and its molecular weight was determined. It was shown that the boll lignin is more condensed than the stem lignin. It differs from the stem lignin by a lower content of methoxy groups and a higher content of hydroxy and carbonyl groups.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 428–429, May–June, 1987.     

The change in the globulins during the development of cotton seeds

The biosynthesis of the 11S and 7S globulins — the main reserve proteins of cotton seeds — has been investigated. The periods at which the globulins appear in cotton seeds have been established. The changes in the amino acid composition and in the secondary structure of the 11S globulin during the ripening of cotton seeds have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 349–355, May–June, 1984.     

A study of the polysaccharides,hydrolysates, and sulfuric-acid lignin of cottonplant stems

A comparative investigation of the acid hydrolysis of the guza-paya [stems and bolls] and seed husks of the cotton plant has shown that the hydrolysates differ in their quantitative levels of monosaccharides, but in the pentose hydrolysates xylose predominates in both cases. The extracts after the preliminary enrichment of the raw material contain a large amount of xylose. The sulfuric-acid lignin obtained from the guza-paya contains a far smaller amount of unhydrolyzed polysaccharide and a larger amount of functional groups than the lignin from the husks.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 48–52, January–February, 1987.     

An investigation of the dioxane lignin of cotton bolls

Summary 1. Dioxane lignin has been isolated from mature stems of the cotton plantGossypium hirsutum by mild acidolysis in an atmosphere of nitrogen.2. Its expanded semiempirical formula has been established by elementary and functional analyses.3. The molecular-weight distribution of the dioxane lignin has shown that it consists of high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight fractions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 645–648, September–October, 1974.     

Isolation of a protein with diaphorase activity from cotton seeds and a study of some of its properties

The diaphorase activities of the proteins of different varieties of two species of cotton plant —Gossypium hirsutum L. andG. barbadense L. — have been studied. It has been shown that the proteins of the seeds of the cotton plantG. barbadense possess a low diaphorase activity in comparison with the proteins of the seeds of aG. hirsutum plant. On an electrophoretogram of the proteins, diaphorase activity was localized in two zones, with R_f 0.45 and 0.70. The diaphorase with R_f 0.45 has been isolated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) and some of its properties have been studied. The diaphorase isolated oxidizes NADH and NADPH in the presence of various artificial electron Acceptors, and has two pH optima (at 7.20 and 8.70) and is characterized by relative thermal stability (at 80°C). In the case of the total extract, brief boiling does not lead to inactivation of the enzyme, which shows the presence in cotton seeds of a factor stabilizing this diaphorase. The molecular weight of the proteins isolated, according to gel filtration on Sephadex G-150, is 59,000, and from the results of SDS-PAAG electrophoresis it is 13,600, which shows a tetrameric structure of the enzyme.Institute of Experimental Plant Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 416–421, May–June, 1987.     

A study of the dioxane lignin of the stems of the cotton plant of variety S-4880

The dioxane lignin (DLA) has been isolated from the ripe stems of a cotton plant of the variety S-4880 B by a modification of Pepper's method. The yield was 16.9% on the Komarov lignin. The semiempirical formula of a phenylpropane structural unit has been calculated on the basis of elementary and functional analyses. It has been established that the amount of the main functional groups in the DLA and in the lignins isolated from the varieties of 108-F and Tashkent-2 basically coincide, but the DLA investigated was appreciably more highly methoxylated. The IR, UV, and PMR spectra of the DLA have been taken. The molecular-weight distribution of the DLA has been investigated and it has been shown that is is poly-disperse and has a weight-average molecular weight of 7400. Nitrobenzene oxidation and cleavage with sodium and liquid ammonia of the isolated DLA has shown that guaiacyl structural units predominate in it.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 430–434, May–June, 1987.