In Vitro Production of Plant Peroxidases—A Review

In the latest two decades, the interest received by plant enzymes has increased significantly. Plant enzymes such as peroxidases are widely used in medicine as diagnostic tools and in the bioremediation and biobleaching industries, among others. Traditionally, these enzymes have been obtained from a natural source, a process that is sometimes laborious and affected by weather conditions and low yields. To overcome this hurdle, some efforts have been made to establish plant cell cultures in vitro to use the system as a continuous source of plant enzymes. The focus of this review will be the production of plant peroxidases in vitro, including novel approaches such as the use of bioreactors and genetically transformed tissues to enhance the yield of desired enzymes.     

In This Issue

<正>封面:Kannan教授及其合作者分析了用于质子交换膜燃料电池和碱性膜燃料电池纳米催化剂的研究现状,介绍了几种贵金属和非贵金属催化剂的合成方法,并讨论了用于原位和非原位表征这些催化材料的各种方法.见本期第458–472页.Cover:Prof.Kannan and his coworkers in their Review on pages458–472 analyzed the current status of nanocatalysts for proton exchange     

In This Issue

封面:稀土是重要的稀有元素,资源有限,稀土催化材料是稀土资源尤其是高丰度轻稀土元素(镧、铈、镨等)重要的应用领域.为了反映稀土催化研究的新进展,推进稀土催化材料的发展,本期邀请了在稀土催化研究中比较活跃的课题组撰写了16篇文章组成稀土催化专刊,其中包括2篇综述、1篇快讯和13篇论文,内容主要涉及环境催化、石油化工和能源化工催化等过程.     

In Situ Synthesis of NaY Zeolite with Coal—Based Kaolin

NaY zeolites were in-situ synthesized form coal-based kaolin via the hydrothermal method. The effects of various factors on the structure of the samples were extensively investigated.The samples were characterized by N2 adsorption,XRD,IR and DTG-DTA methods,and the results show that the crystallization temperature and amount of added water play an important role in the formation of the zeolite structure.The 4A and P zeolites are the competitive Phaes present in the resulting product.However,NaY zeolites wiht a higher relative crystallinity,excluding impure crystals and the well hydrothermal stapore size distribution,and this means that optimization of this process might result in a commercial route to synthesize NaY zeolites form coal-based kaolin.     

In This Issue

封面:贺泓及研究团队基于实验室对VWOTiO催化剂配方及涂覆成型技术的大量研究,在中国重汽集团建成了一条NHSCR催化剂生产线,产品满足国产重型柴油车国IV排放标准要求.见本期第1438–1445页.Cover:Prof.He and his coworkers in their Article on pages 1438–1445reported the laboratory study of catalyst formulation and washcoating technologyfor the VWOTiOsystem,and also the establishment of an NHSCR(selective catalytic reduction of NOwith NHcatalyst production line of     

In（Ⅲ）—和Y（Ⅲ）—1,2—PDTA配合物的动态核磁共振研究

研究了Ｉｎ（Ⅲ）和Ｙ（Ⅲ）－１，２－丙二胺四乙酸配合物＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ谱的温度依赖性，其结果显示出８个乙酸质子处于不同的磁环境中，分４组ＡＢ谱，ＡＢ谱交换现象由氮原子翻转引起，通过全线型分析求得了速率常数及相关热力学参数，对不对称的氮原子，其翻转速率不同，靠近ＣＨ３－基团的氮原子翻转速率要比远离ＣＨ３－的小，活化能与金属离子的离子势呈线性关系。     

In／HZSM—5催化剂CH4选择还原NO的研究

用浸渍法制备的Ｉｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂在甲烷还原一氧化氮反应中显示了很高的活性,５００℃时,氧化氮的转化率可达１００％。过量氧气的存在并没有对催化剂的活性产生很大的影响,这可能与Ｉｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂上甲烷选择还原一氧化氮的反应机理有关。随着反应气体空速的增大,氧化氮的转化率缓慢下降,同时,甲烷的转化率也缓慢下降。这说明还原剂甲烷的适度活化在本反应中起着关键作用。     

In Schiefer?l

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Rapid—In—situ Determination of Chromium （VI） in Water Using Modified Diphenylcarbazine with Citrate

In recent years, the determination of Cr (VI) has attracted great attention because of its toxicity to human, plants and animals1-5. Usually, in the industrial waste water, the concentration of Cr (VI) is relatively high and should be determined frequently. So, an accurate, quick, and convenient method for the measurement of Cr (VI) in environmental water, as well as in river, lake, sea and tap water, is of great importance. The method for determination of Cr (VI) by diphenylcarbazine …     

Role of Human Liver Microsomes in In Vitro Metabolism of Drugs—A Review

Drug metabolism studies are essential and necessary during the evaluation of drugs. This review discusses the in vitro human liver models to estimate the drug metabolic fates in vivo. Different approaches are provided and emphasis is placed on the potential of human liver microsomes for drug metabolism and inhibition studies. The methodology for these studies using human liver microsomes, applications of human liver microsomes, and the drugs studied by human liver microsomes are listed. Human liver microsomes represent a critical experimental model for the evaluation of drug metabolites with a high probability of clinical success.     

In der Mineral?lanalytik

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

金属硫族非超四面体In—Sn—S团簇的合成、结构及电催化氧还原反应性能

开发由金属In和Sn参与构筑的金属硫族非超四面体(non-Tn)团簇材料,对于实现该类材料的结构多样性及丰富其光电应用十分重要。利用溶剂热法合成了一系列新的non-Tn团簇化合物(C₇H₁₃N₂)[InS₂](1)、(C₇H₁₃N₂)₄[In₂S₁₁Sn₃](2)和(C₇H₁₃N₂)₃[In₃S₁₂Sn₃](3),其中C₇H₁₃N₂=质子化的1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯。3种化合物由{SnS₄}、{InS₄}或{InS₅}三个配位单元之间以边共享或顶点共享的方式组合而成。电催化氧还原反应(ORR)研究表明,化合物1~3的还原峰电位分别为0.60、0.64和0.65 V,含有Sn（Ⅳ）的化合物2和3表现出更好的催化性能。不仅如此,Koutecky-Levich图分析表明,化合物中In和Sn的组成比例对其ORR催化路径有明显的调节作用。     

Why is Rose Bengal More Phototoxic to Fibroblasts In Vitro Than In Vivo?

Photosensitized protein cross‐linking has been recently developed to seal wounds and strengthen tissue. Although the photosensitizing dye, Rose Bengal (RB), is phototoxic to cultured cells, cytotoxicity does not accompany RB‐photosensitized tissue repair in vivo. We investigated whether the environment surrounding cells in tissue or the high irradiances used for photo–cross‐linking inhibited RB phototoxicity. Fibroblasts (FB) grown within collagen gels to mimic a tissue environment and monolayer cultured FB were treated with RB (0.01–1 mm ) and the high 532 nm laser irradiances used in vivo for tissue repair (0.10–0.50 W cm^?2). Monolayer FB were substantially more sensitive to RB photosensitization: the LD₅₀ was >200‐fold lower than that in collagen gels. Collagen gel protection was associated with increased Akt phosphorylation, a prosurvival pathway. RB phototoxicity in collagen gels was 25‐fold greater at low (0.030 W cm^?2) that at high (0.50 W cm^?2) irradiances. Oxygen depletion at high irradiance only partially accounted for the irradiance dependence of phototoxicity as replacing air with nitrogen only increased the LD₅₀ by four‐fold in monolayers. These results indicate that the lack of RB phototoxicity during in vivo tissue repair results from upregulation of prosurvival pathways in tissue cells, oxygen depletion and irradiance‐dependent RB photochemistry.     

In situ NMR diffusion coefficients assessment of lithium ion conductor using electrochemical priors and Arrhenius constraint——A computational study

In situ NMR measurements of the diffusion coefficients,including an estimate of signal strength,of lithium ion conductor using diffusion-weighting pulse sequence are performed in this study.A cascade bilinear model is proposed to estimate the diffusion sensitivity factors of pulsed-field gradient using prior information of the electrochemical performance and Arrhenius constraint.The model postulates that the active lithium nuclei participating electrochemical reaction are relevant to the NMR signal intensity,when discharge rate or temperature condition is varying.The electrochemical data and the NMR signal strength show a highly fit with the proposed model according our simulation and experiments.Furthermore,the diffusion time is constrained by temperature based on Arrhenius equation of reaction rates dependence.An experimental calculation of Li_4Ti_5O_(12)(LTO)/carbon nanotubes(CNTs) with the electrolyte evaluating at 20 ℃ is presented,which the b factor is estimated by the discharge rate.     

In Beitr?gen zur Bromatometrie

Ohne Zusammenfassung