基于电化学方法构建碳-氮键的最新研究进展

C—N键广泛存在于药物、天然产物以及功能材料中,它的构建是有机合成化学的重要研究方向之一.近年来,随着有机电化学的深入发展,以有机电化学作为绿色合成手段,高效地构建C—N键受到了合成化学家的广泛关注.综述了从2015年至今有机电化学在构建C—N键领域所取得的研究进展,对反应的条件和机理进行了总结,并对该领域所面临的挑战及发展方向进行了展望与探讨,希望能对从事该领域研究的学者以及相关人员提供参考.     

电化学合成C-磺酰基化合物的研究进展

磺酰基化合物是一类重要的有机硫化合物,在医药、农药和功能材料等领域中均具有广泛的应用,因此,有效的磺酰基化合物的合成策略已成为化学工作者们广泛研究的热点.有机电化学合成是一种绿色、温和、高效的合成策略,其在磺酰基化合物的合成中显示出了巨大的潜力.本综述介绍了近年来利用电化学手段合成C-磺酰基化合物的反应.按照电化学合成C(sp)-磺酰基化合物、C(sp²)-磺酰基化合物以及C(sp³)-磺酰基化合物的反应进行了分类归纳讨论,并对相应的反应机理进行了阐述,为今后此类反应在有机合成中的应用提供参考.     

非光催化与电化学体系下有机硫试剂参与的烯烃构建C—S键研究进展

烯烃是重要的合成子,其简洁高效的合成转化一直是有机合成领域的研究热点.近年来,基于烯烃骨架的C—S键成键反应特别受科学家的关注.烯烃可以与常见的有机含硫试剂(包括硫醇或硫酚、二硫醚、亚砜、磺酰肼、磺酰氯和亚磺酸钠等)反应,在烯烃的α-位或者β-位构筑C—S键来合成硫醚、亚砜或砜类化合物.鉴于此,以有机硫试剂的种类为分类依据,综述了近年来非光催化与电化学体系下有机硫试剂参与的烯烃构建C—S反应的相关研究.展望未来,在烯烃与有机硫试剂的C—S成键反应研究中,双官能团化反应和不对称催化合成具有较好的应用前景.     

含钒无机有机杂化材料的合成、结构与性质

含钒无机有机杂化材料的结构复杂多样,在吸附、氧化还原、电化学、催化、光学、磁学以及多孔、手性材料研究等方面应用前景广阔,引起人们广泛关注。本文综述了含钒无机有机杂化材料研究的最新进展,介绍了合成含钒无机有机杂化材料的主要方法,按照有机组分与无机骨架作用的方式分类总结了含钒无机有机杂化材料的结构,介绍了其在离子交换、电化学、磁学、光学、催化等方面的应用,并展望了该类材料的研究前景和意义。     

电化学固定CO2构建羧酸衍生物的研究进展(英文)

CO₂由于其含量丰富、无毒和低成本等特性可作为有机合成中的重要C1源,因此,使用CO₂作为C1源合成高附加值的化合物具有重要的意义.本综述重点介绍了在电化学条件下使用CO₂作为亲电试剂参与有机化合物羧化反应的最新进展.主要介绍了非活化有机卤化物、不饱和烯烃化合物和一些特殊化合物的电化学羧化,并就使用和不使用牺牲阳极进行了详细分类,讨论了这些反应的反应机制,为今后此类反应在有机合成中的应用提供参考.     

全氟二异丙基膦酸锂的合成及其电化学性能研究

以合成的氯代二异丙基膦为原料, 利用电化学全氟化方法, 得到全氟二异丙基膦酸锂(Li[(C3F7)2PF4]), 并对其物理和电化学性能进行了研究.     

基于共价有机框架材料的电化学传感器研究进展

共价有机框架（COFs）材料是一类由轻质元素（C, O, N, B等）通过强共价键连接而成的新兴结晶多孔材料。COFs因其可调孔径、永久孔隙率、拓扑可设计性等优点,被广泛用于电化学传感领域。金属纳米粒子、碳材料、金属有机框架、酶等功能材料与COFs复合,可以显著提高电化学传感器的分析性能,实现高灵敏度和选择性检测。本综述阐述了基于COFs的电化学传感器的最新研究进展,总结了制备方法,并对其传感机制进行了解释。介绍了新型COFs材料的设计和合成,以及基于新型检测模式的COFs电化学传感器的研究进展。     

新型含二茂铁有机配合物的合成及其电化学性质

以二茂铁为起始原料,经氯汞化反应、溴代反应、Suzuki偶联反应、水解反应和取代反应等5步反应合成了一种新型的含二茂铁结构单元的有机配合物(7),其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、IR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。电化学研究结果表明:化合物6的E1/2小于化合物7,具有较高的氧化还原活性。     

近期热点文章

关键词:有机电合成·自由基电化学·杂环化合物P.Xiong,H.C.Xu.Chemistry with Electrochemically Generated N-Centered Radicals.Acc.Chem.Res.,2019,52,3339-3350.有机电合成是电化学的重要分支科学,电生自由基反应已成为合成杂环化合物的重要途径.相比于碳自由基化学,氮自由化学研究相对缺乏,主要是缺少便捷、通用的氮自由基形成方法.厦门大学徐海超教授课题组以稳定易得的N-H键为氮自由基前驱体,采用电氧化反应高效可控地生成氮自由基,利用该活性中间体实现了系列传统方法难以进行的高选择性电氧化偶联反应,为多种重要杂环结构提供高效、绿色合成新路线.该综述对电生氮自由基反应研究进行了系统总结,阐释了电氧化形成氮自由基的原理、方法及其在合成化学中的应用.     

一种蓝光发射星型有机分子的合成及光电性质

采用分子设计的思想,通过多步反应合成了一种新型的以N原子为中心的蓝光发射星型有机小分子。用1H NMR,MS和元素分析进行了表征,研究了化合物的热稳定性和真空镀膜膜层的光致发光性质,用循环伏安法测定了其电化学性能。结果表明,这种合成的有机化合物光致发光性能优良(量子效率达到87%),热稳定性好,可作为制作有机电致发光器件的候选材料。     

Photochemical and Electrochemical Strategies for Hydrodefluorination of Fluorinated Organic Compounds

Hydrodefluorination (HDF) is a very important fundamental transformation for conversion of the C−F bond into the C−H bond in organic synthesis. In the past decade, much progress has been achieved with HDF through the utility of low-valent metals, transition-metal complexes and main-group Lewis acids. Recently, novel methods have been introduced for this purpose through photo- and electrochemical pathways, which are of great significance, due to their considerable environmental and economical advantages. This Review highlights the HDF of fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs) through photo- and electrochemical strategies, along with mechanistic insights.     

Electrochemical dehydrogenative N–H/N–H coupling reactions

The N–N bond is present in many important organic compounds, such as hydrazines, pyrazoles, azos, etc. Many methods based on transition metal catalyzed N–N coupling or functionalization of hydrazine have been reported for the synthesis of N–N containing organic compounds. In recent years, electrochemical dehydrogenative N–H/N–H coupling has become a powerful tool for the construction of N–N bearing organic compounds. The electrochemical methods employ electrons as traceless redox reagents instead of chemicals and produce hydrogen as the only byproduct. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the electrochemical dehydrogenative N–H/N–H coupling reactions with focus on the mechanistic insights and synthetic applications of these transformations.     

以离子液体为溶剂的原子转移自由基聚合

离子液体是一种有机盐,在接近室温下呈液状.离子液体是难挥发、极性高的溶剂,它能溶解很多种有机、无机和金属有机化合物.虽然有越来越多的人报道了有关离子液体在有机合成中的应用,但是在聚合过程中的应用却很少.然而在近几年,科学家证明了离子液体在聚合物的合成中的作用很大.在以离子液体为介质的自由基聚合反应中,kp/kt 会增大.尤其是在原子转移自由基聚合中,以离子液体作为溶剂有助于聚合物与残余催化剂的分离.本文主要阐述了原子转移自由基聚合反应的基本原理、特点以及离子液体在原子转移自由基聚合中的应用,并且还介绍了其他研究者的工作和原子转移自由基聚合的发展前景.     

B=N Units as Part of Extended π‐Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers

The replacement of C=C units by their isoelectronic and isosteric B=N units (BN/CC isosterism) in π‐conjugated organic compounds, as a strategy to produce novel organic–inorganic hybrid materials, has recently been successfully transferred to π‐conjugated polymers. This Concept provides an overview of the recent advances in this quickly evolving field, with a focus on synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of the new polymers and related oligomers, as well as possible future applications in organic electronics and optoelectronics.     

氯过氧化物酶的手性催化活性在有机合成中的应用

氯过氧化物酶（CPO）作为过氧化物酶家族中的一员对多种有机底物表现出了广泛的催化活性。自上世纪60年代被发现以来，CPO在有机合成中的应用一直是一个研究热点。它作为一种生物催化剂能催化广泛的底物合成手性化合物，且有高的产率和高的对映选择率。本文综述了氯过氧化物酶在手性有机合成中的应用，重点关注了卤化、醇氧化、羟基化、环氧化、磺化氧化等反应，并讨论了目前在该领域所面临的问题及今后的发展趋势。     

The unusual physicochemical properties of azulene and azulene-based compounds

This review shows the unusual physicochemical properties and wide application of azulene and its derivatives. The recent synthesis strategies of kinds of substituted azulene are also listed.     

Recent Advances on the Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes/Alkynes

Electroorganic synthesis is an emerging area of high impact research in organic chemistry, which is considered as one of the green and efficient methods and attracts growing research attention. In this review, we summarized comprehensively the recent literature reports on the electrochemical oxidative difunctionalization of unsaturated C—C bonds. The reaction types described in this review included electrochemical intermolecular cyclization, electrochemical intramolecular cyclization, and electrochemical difunctionalization of alkenes/alkynes. This review focuses on the discussion of its synthetic generality for the preparation of functionalized compounds and the related electrochemical oxidative reaction mechanism.     

Efficient Fixation of Carbon Dioxide by Electrolysis Facile Synthesis of Useful Carboxylic Acids

Electrochemical fixation of atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide to organic compounds is a useful and attractive method for synthesizing of various carboxylic acids. Electrochemical fixation of carbon dioxide, electrochemical carboxylation, organic halides, organic triflates, alkenes, aromatic compounds, and carbonyl compounds can readily occur in the presence of an atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide to form the corresponding carboxylic acids with high yields, when a sacrificial anode such as magnesium or aluminum is used in the electrolysis. The electrochemical carboxylation of vinyl bromides was successfully applied for the synthesis of the precursor of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as ibuprofen and naproxen. On the other hand, supercritical carbon dioxide （scCO2） has significant potential as an environmentally benign solvent in organic synthesis and it could be used both as a solvent and as a reagent in these electrochemical carboxylations by using a small amount of cosolvent.     

Catalytic Carbonylation and Carboxylation of Organosulfur Compounds via C−S Cleavage

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbonylation with CO gas occupies a privileged position in organic synthesis for the synthesis of carbonyl compounds. Although this attractive and useful chemistry has led many researchers to investigate carbonylative transformations of various organic (pseudo)halides, C?S‐cleaving carbonylation of organosulfur compounds has been fairly limited. Recently, a broad spectrum of C?S‐cleaving transformations has been emerging in the field of cross‐coupling. In light of the importance of carbonyl compounds as well as considerable advancement for employing organosulfur compounds as competent surrogates of (pseudo)halides, carbonylative transformations of C?S bonds should be of high value. This Minireview focuses on catalytic C?S carbonylation of organosulfur compounds with CO or its equivalents. In addition, reductive carboxylation of C?S bonds with CO₂ is described.     

The unusual physicochemical properties of azulene and azulene-based compounds

Azulene, an isomer of naphthalene, has become one of hot chemical structures in the research field of functional materials, due to its anti-Kasha’s rule emissions and unusual physicochemical properties (e.g., photophysical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical properties). In the past, the synthesis of azulene-based compounds is relatively inconvenient. Recently, there have been more and more reports about the synthesis strategies of the azulene-based compounds for finely tuning the physicochemical properties. In this article, we introduce several synthetic methods for kinds of azulene-based compounds which has unusual physicochemical properties. With these convenient methods and unique physicochemical properties, azulene-based compounds can be applied into many fields such as specific bioimaging, advanced molecular switches, organic field-effect transistor (OFET), organic light emitting diode (OLED), solar cells, and so forth. And these properties are also summarized here.