Metal-Backboned Polymer:Conception,Design and Synthesis

The backbones of polymers are generally composed of non-metal elements such as C, N, O and Si. Here we propose and synthesize a new class of polymers whose backbones are completely made from metal atoms connected by chemical bonds, and they are thus named metalbackboned polymers. As a demonstration, nickel is selected as the metal to construct the nickel-backboned polymers with varied lengths, which are verified by mass spectrometry and studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. These metal-bo...     

History of Polymer Education-USA

Prior to 1940 there was little or no education directed toward polymer chemistry. With the contributions of Carothers and others that transformed the practice of polymers into a science-and the leadership of Herman Mark and others in formal graduate and postgraduate education-polymer education took root but rapid expansion and general acceptance by more traditionally oriented academic institutions was slowed by many barriers. Only since 1974 has there been a concerted effort to include education in the basic concepts of polymer chemistry into the undergraduate curriculum. Emphasis is on the development of polymer education in the United States.     

高分子材料的微波辅助合成研究进展

微波加热以其省时、高效、清洁环保的显著优势而使微波辅助合成成为一种广受欢迎的合成技术。高分子材料的传统合成反应时间长、耗能大。将微波辐射应用于高分子材料的合成可缩短反应时间、降低反应能耗,已成为有机合成领域的研究热点。本文简要综述了微波辅助合成技术在工程材料高分子聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯酸苄基酯以及在医用功能高分子、吸附功能高分子、导电功能高分子和光学功能高分子合成中的研究进展,并展望了微波辅助合成在高分子材料合成中的发展前景。     

Chemical Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides on the Polystyrene Polymer Support

The synthesis of a decaeoxyribonucleotide, d-CpCpApApTpTpTpTpGpG, as an example of DNA synthesis on a polystyrene polymer support using the phosphotriesters is described. The procedures for the recovery of the unreacted protected nucleoside phosphotriesters are also included. All operations and reactions were carried out in a 4 ml polypropylene Bio-Rad Econo column fitted with a 3-way teflon valve and a rubber septum. The average yield of each monomer addition is 96%. The decamer was obtained in high purity with an isolated yield of 56%. The purified decamer was characterized using a modified Maxam-Gilbert procedure.     

Synthesis of Electrolyte Polymer Based on Natural Polymer Chitosan by Ion Implantation Technique

This research is conducted to make solid-state electrolyte based on natural polymers, as an alternative material for energy storage such as battery. Natural polymers as materials of solid state batteries have various benefits, such as unlimited abundance, biodegradable, unleakage, stable form, excellent process, and electrochemical stability, compare to the liquid ones. In this study, a solid state polymer electrolyte based on natural polymer such as chitosan was synthesized by incorporating various ion salts (Li, Cu, Ag) in the polymer matrix. The synthesis of solid-state electrolyte polymer was carried out by casting method to make a thin polymer film. Then the ionic (Li, Cu, Ag) doping with various implant dose will be applied to the thin polymer film matrix by ionic implantation technique. The implanted polymer electrolytes are then characterized their conductivities, micro structures, and crystal structures by high precision LCR, scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The measured of conductivities showed that thin film polymers after implanted with ionic Li, Cu or Ag were increased the conductivity, meanwhile elemental analisys by electron dispersive spectroscopy indicated that ionic implant to chitosan was success. The modification of chitosan polymer to become electrolyte polymer can be concluded.     

Synthesis of Deoxyoligonucleotides on an Isotactic Polymer Support

Abstract

An insoluble and noncross-linked polymer of isotactic polystyrene having a p-methoxytrityl group as part of its structure was chosen as a solid polymer support for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. The p-methoxytrityl functional group was introduced into the isotactic polymer by benzoylation and Grignard reaction. Judging by the NMR spectra, the isotacticity of the polymer remains unaffected after the modifications. Deoxy-nucleosides were linked to the polymer via 5′ ether group. Condensation of the polymer-nucleoside derivative with 3′ protected nucleotides in the presence of mesitylene sulfonyl chloride resulted in 36-63% coupling to the bound nucleoside. Subsequent condensation gave the trinucleoside diphosphate in 25-57% conversion, based on polymer-bound dinucleoside phosphate. The limitation of the polymer support still lies in the low yield of the coupling step, but the value of an isotactic polymer backbone as a “dendritic” center for chain lengthening remains attractive.     

相转移催化在高分子化合物合成中的应用

 综述了相转移催化用于高分子化合物合成的主要研究进展．介绍了季铵盐类及冠醚类相转移催化剂在高聚物的亲核取代反应、阴离子开环聚合反应及自由基聚合反应中的应用．重点总结了亲核取代反应中聚苯乙烯类化合物的功能化及化学修饰，包括合成路线、反应机理、温度以及催化剂和溶剂的种类与用量等因素对反应的影响．冠醚类化合物的催化效果略优于季铵盐类化合物，而后者的成本低、毒性小、应用更广泛，其催化的反应应作为今后研究的重点，以期将相转移催化技术尽早用于工业化生产．     

Synthesis of Novel a PEG-Lysine Polymer

Summary: A novel PEG functionalized-L-lysine-α-amino-N-carboxy anhydride monomer (L-Lys(PEG-(COOBzl))-NCA) is prepared for the synthesis of carboxylic acid terminated, PEG-sheathed poly-lysine biopolymers.     

功能高分子聚丙烯酸铵的研制

以环己烷为连续相、水为分散相、氨水部分中和的丙烯酸为单体、K2S2O8为引发剂，N，N－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了功能高分子材料－聚丙烯酸铵高吸水性树脂。研究了乳化剂、引发剂和交联剂用量、pH值、反应湿度等对吸水率的影响，得到的高吸水性树脂最大吸水率为1237mL/gR,其最大吸生理盐水率为114mL/gR。利用SEM，IR对其进行了表征。SEM分析表明，如果采取适当的工艺可以得到粒状产品。     

生物催化在高分子合成中的应用

生物催化剂已被越来越多地用于高分子学中,产生了许多新的反应、工艺和商业用途.酶和全细胞工艺都引起了众多关注,生物催化剂的立体选择性是它们的主要优势之一,新的或改良的方法层出不穷.生物催化的进程主要集中在几个方面上:聚合反应、聚合物修饰反应、聚合物降解反应以及单体和低聚物的合成.在这篇文章中,我们总结了生物催化在高分子合成中的最新应用.     

有机锡聚合物的合成及应用

介绍了有机锡聚合物的研究现状。重点介绍了有机锡聚合物的各种合成方法及其在海洋防污涂料、木材防腐保护、荧光染料和聚合物改性等方面的应用。     

Polymer Sol-Gel Synthesis of Hybrid Nanocomposites

The current state and main problems of polymer sol-gel synthesis as a method of the preparation of hybrid polymer-inorganic nanocomposites are analyzed. The general characterization of sol-gel reactions is given and the routes of the combination of sol-gel synthesis with the polymerization of traditional monomers are considered. Particular attention is given to the formation of sol-gel precursors in the presence of organic polymers, including the formation of interpenetrating hybrid networks. The specificity of hybrid nanocomposites based on multicomponent ceramics is discussed. The sol-gel process is analyzed as a promising route for the preparation of bioceramics in the presence of templates.     

松香在高分子合成中的应用

松香主要从松树的分泌物中提炼而来,是自然界极其丰富的一种天然树脂,也是一种可再生资源.松香因其氢菲环结构刚性强而具有显著的结构特点,其刚性可与苯环媲美.在当前石油等不可再生资源日渐枯竭以及人们对环境保护日益重视的形势下,合成生物基高分子材料已成为近年来高分子研究领域的热点.因此,松香用于高分子合成的研究正日益引起重视....     

环糊精类超分子聚合物的合成

采用氧化还原胶束聚合法，将改性β-环糊精、N-苯乙基甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸等水溶性单体进行共聚，合成了超分子聚合物(HMPAM)，其结构和性能经SEM, FT-IR和流变仪表征。结果表明：HMPAM为典型的幂律型流体，具有良好的增稠性能和抗剪切性能。     

星状多臂共聚物h-PCMS-g-PEMA-b-PMMA的合成

在CuCl/bpy催化体系下,通过对氯甲基苯乙烯（CMS）自引发制得球状超支化聚对氯甲基苯乙烯（h-PCMS）,再以h-PCMS作为大分子引发剂,通过两步原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）成功在球状h-PCMS表面接枝二嵌段聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PEMA-b-PMMA）,合成了星状多臂共聚物h-PCMS₂₇₀₀-g-PEMA₄₁₀₀₀-b-PMMA₁₅₀₀₀（下标为分子量）,分子量分布为1.6,其结构和性能经¹H NMR、 IR、 GPC和DSC表征。通过¹H NMR定量分析表明,h-PCMS中的苄基氯具有活性,可进一步引发接枝反应,次苄基氯不能引发ATRP反应。在每一个h-PCMS表面有接近三分之一的苄基氯参与接枝反应,接枝臂数为6。     

Applications of Calixarenes in Polymer Synthesis

Summary: The applications of calixarenes in polymer synthesis have been reviewed. Calixarenes have been used as ligands to prepare rare earth calixarene complexes. A series of rare earth calixarene complexes have been synthesized and employed as efficient catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene, styrene, butadiene, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, trimethylene carbonate, and 5,5-dimethyl trimethylene carbonate. On the other hand, the synthesis and characterization of star-shaped polymers with calixarene as core molecules are also described.     

功能彩色高分子合成技术进展

本文通过实例对功能彩色高分子的合成方法以及每种合成方法的原理、特点、发展历史和可实行性作了较详细的综述。