一种基于电容传感器的液体密度测量电路的设计

设计了一种基于电容传感器的液体密度测量电路,介绍了设计思想和各部分的工作原理,给出了总的测量电路图.利用本电路测量相对误差在0.5%以内,具有测量准确度高、测量速度快、数字显示直读、使用简单的特点.     

基于容栅传感器的试件拉伸率在线测量装置

材料力学实验中在做破坏性拉伸试验时,需要测量拉断试件的长度,但是由于拉断试件测量时断口对接不紧密,以及人为读数误差等原因造成实验结果与理论值之间存在很大的差别.对此设计了基于容栅传感器的试件拉伸率自动测量装置,数字显示读数,提高了测量精度;同时该装置可以安装在机械加工设备上进行长度在线测量,提高加工效率.     

A simple high-sensitivity interferometric position sensor for test mass control on an advanced LIGO interferometer

A small Michelson interferometer has been configured as a tracking mirror displacement sensor in order to achieve both large dynamic range (2.1 mm) and excellent sensitivity across a broad frequency range (6Hz–3 kHz). The interferometer is illuminated by a simple LED, uses broadband, non-polarising beamsplitters and contains no lensing optics. A DC-coupled balanced detector provides an error signal that is used to position the tracking mirror of the Michelson interferometer so as to maintain an interferometer operating position close to the centre of a particular fringe. The total interferometric sensor provides a small, simple and cost-effective means of achieving high-resolution displacement measurements.     

车载惯性平台稳定位置解算算法

根据船摇位置自稳定的思想,提出了基于坐标转换的惯性平台位置稳定解算算法。该算法通过坐标变换实时解算出惯性平台相对载体的位置值并将其作为位置稳定控制的位置环输入,从而有效隔离载体对平台位置的干扰,实现平台的稳定。实验结果表明：平台的外框架稳定精度为0．1mrad,内框架稳定精度为0．3mrad,满足了指标1mrad的要求。该算法有效地解决了车载惯性平台的稳定性问题,提高了整个稳定系统的性价比。     

像差对星敏感器星点定位精度的影响

光学系统星点定位精度是表征星敏感器性能的一个重要指标,像差对该精度有一定影响。分析光学系统像差对星点定位精度的影响,在计算典型中等精度星敏感器光学系统星点定位误差的基础上,提出用实际测得的星点光斑能量质心位置计算理想位置的误差补偿新方法。计算结果表明:像差对高精度(如角秒级)星敏感器姿态测量精度的影响不可忽略;采用星点定位误差补偿后,星敏感器三轴姿态测量误差RMS值分别为0.38″,0.38″,5.77″,仅为原来的1/17。     

使用位置环的惯性稳定系统中陀螺漂移误差软件修正方法

针对使用位置环的惯性稳定系统中存在因陀螺固有温度漂移特性引起的系统跟随位置误差,首先提出一种软件修正方法,给出此软件修正方法的理论基础及软件修正的具体实现过程,最后对此修正方法进行了实验验证。实验结果表明：在没有振动的情况下,修正程序能将漂移完全校正,效果良好;在存在振动的情况下,修正程序也能较好地校正漂移,但校正后存在1个或2个码值的误差。     

测量强流电子加速器输出电压的电容分压器

研制了一种结构简单、拆装方便的自积分电容分压器,用于测量强流电子加速器二极管输出电压。介绍了电容分压器的结构,计算了其电容量,并通过仿真的方法分析了前端电阻及其杂散参数对测量波形的影响,结果表明：当前端电阻杂散电容较大时,测量波形出现过冲现象;而前端电阻对地电容较大时,会影响测量波形的前沿。将电容分压器用于测量强流电子加速器二极管输出电压,并运用水电阻分压器对其进行了标定,所测得波形与电阻分压器基本一致,分压比为563 007,可以用于测量半高宽为100 ns的高压脉冲。     

捷联惯性导航系统误差工程化分析方法

针对设计捷联惯性导航系统时系统指标要求合理选择惯性传感器的问题,提出一种捷联惯性导航系统误差分析方法,建立了系统在不同工作条件下的误差模型,给出了在设计捷联惯性导航系统时,纯惯性导航时间小于2 min、位置误差小于100 m时选择陀螺和加速度计的方法。     

基于无源超高频射频识别标签的湿度传感器设计

针对无源超高频射频识别传感器标签大规模运用的需求,采用中芯国际0.35μm互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)工艺设计并制造了一种低成本、低功耗的湿度传感器.湿度传感器单元采用聚酰亚胺作为感湿材料,利用顶层金属层制作叉指结构电极,制造过程与标准CMOS制造工序兼容,无需任何后处理工艺.接口电路部分基于锁相环原理,采用全数字电容.数字直接转换结构,能够工作在接近工艺阈值电压下.后期测试结果显示,该湿度传感器在常温下灵敏度为36.5 fF%RH,最大回滞偏差为7%,响应时间为20 ms,0.6 V电源电压下消耗2.1μW功率.     

Light intensity modulation fiber-optic sensor for curvature measurement

A light intensity modulation fiber-optic sensor, which can measure curvature directly, has been developed. It is suitable for the measurement of thin, embedded or highly flexible structures. An experimental analysis on the static and dynamic characteristics of sensor has been undertaken. The results show that the output voltage has polarity and a good linear relationship with curvature when the curvature radius is larger than 60 mm. The mathematical model relating the relative output loss, parameters of sensitive zone’s configuration (depth, number, height and half angle of tooth) and bending radius is described analytically based on the geometric optics. Curvature fiber-optic sensors can be used to build a quasi-distributed fiber-optic sensor system, which can measure curvature and torsion angle simultaneously.     

温度测量范围加倍的单微环传感器

本文提出了一种基于U形波导耦合单微环结构的新型SOI(绝缘体上硅)温度传感器.温度变化引起感温部位有效折射率和长度变化,导致传感器的输出光谱发生漂移.根据传输矩阵法和耦合模理论,设计了新型传感器模型,并且分析了感温部位不同时系统输出光谱特性.结果表明:当U形波导耦合单微环整体结构感温时,输出光谱无伪模,消光比达到31 dB,可作为最佳感温元件.相比于传统的双直波导耦合单微环结构,当U形波导的两个耦合点间的距离为微环周长的整数倍数时,FSR(自由光谱范围)可加倍至56 nm,灵敏度提高到89.2 pm/?C,测量范围为298—720 K,实现了SOI微环谐振器的高温测量.     

纳米级光纤位移传感器

介绍利用高斯光束干涉测微小位移的方法,利用该方法设计了纳米级光纤位移传感器,测试了该传感器的位移响应与频率响应.     

基于容栅位移传感器的管路堵塞监测系统设计

现有的氮磷营养盐原位监测仪存在不足,其进样管路在受污染的水体中容易被堵塞,针对此问题提出了一种基于容栅位移传感器的管路堵塞监测系统。通过容栅位移传感器采集位移信号,经过滑动滤波以后输入STM32单片机处理,对数据分析处理后得到管路形变特征参数,进而判断管路堵塞状态,并启动滤膜更换装置更换过滤膜,排除堵塞保证机器顺利运行。系统测试和实验结果表明:容栅测位移法在非介入式管路堵塞测量中完全可行,为小管径胶管的在线堵塞检测提供了一种新的方法。     

光纤Sagnac温度传感器

介绍了一种新型的基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的高精度光纤温度传感器———光纤Sagnac温度传感器。讨论了此传感器的测温原理,推导了被测温度与传感器输出之间的关系,设计并调测了一个具体传感器系统。实验结果表明,此温度传感器具有很高的精度和大的测量范围。     

Fabry-Perot interference-based fiber-optic sensor for small displacement measurement

A simple fiber-optic sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference for small displacement measurement is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A broadband light source is coupled into a Fabry-Perot cavity formed by the surfaces of a sensing fiber end and the measured object. The interference signals from the cavity are reflected back into the same fiber. A small displacement via changes in cavity length can be obtained by measuring the wavenumber spacing of the interference fringes. The experimental data meet with the theoretical values very well. Given the light source bandwidth of 40 nm and the initial distance of 30 μm, the proposed displacement sensing system could achieve high resolution measurement of 16 nm.     

Fiber-optic reflex sensor for in-line production measurement

The paper describes experiments concerning distance measurement with fiber-optic sensor and improvement of the measurement principle. The sensor probe was well-designed with a small structure and multi-function. The novel optical fiber probe arrangement as well as the possibilities of use for complex measurement problems are explained using the measurement of an internal screw thread as an example. The experimental results show that the measurement uncertainty of the thread minor diameter can reach ±10 μm, and the stability of the measurement system is better than 0.07%.     

Fresnel-reflection-based fiber sensor for on-line measurement of ambient temperature

A fiber sensor with a simple structure for measuring the environment temperature is presented. The sensor uses only a diode laser as light source, three couplers, two photodetectors and two sensing fiber ends with protective cladding. One of the sensing fiber ends is covered by solidified epoxy resin with a metal cover. The measurement principle is based on relative Fresnel reflective intensity. Various ambient temperatures are measured in the setup. The measured data is fitted to linear equation very well with the value of R² of 0.9982. Applying the relative technique, the errors resulted from fluctuation of light source and other influences of environment are effectively eliminated, and the stability for long time measurement can be improved.     

粒子加速器丝线位置测量电容传感器标定方法北大核心CSCD

在高能同步辐射光源中,为了提高磁铁的准直精度,采用磁中心代替机械中心进行磁铁标定,通过振动线或旋转线等技术获得磁铁的磁中心位置,以及通过电容式位移传感器测量得到丝线的位置,从而实现磁中心与准直靶标的关联。为了实现丝线位置的高精度测量,必须对电容传感器进行精确标定,因此介绍了一种电容式位移传感器,并对其标定方法进行了研究,提出了网格化的数据采集方式以及高阶多项式拟合的数据处理方法,搭建了传感器标定平台并开发了相应的标定控制程序,实现了对传感器的自动控制、数据采集和高精度标定过程。经过分析与对比,标定后的电容传感器达到μm级的位移测量精度,为磁铁的高精度准直提供了基础。     

Strain and tilt measurement using multi-point diffraction strain sensor

A multi-point diffraction strain sensor (MDSS) was developed earlier by us for strain measurement with variable sensitivity and measurement range using a microlens array. The technique is now extended to measure both tilt and non-uniform strain with a sensitivity of 0.41 mε/pixel and 4.7 mrad/pixel. The validation was made through comparison of the strain measured using MDSS with that by a micro-Moiré interferometer incorporated with Gabor filtering method, while the tilt is compared with derivatives of the surface profile measured by a confocal microscope.     

CMOS图像传感器在空间技术中的应用

介绍了CMOSAPS(有源像素图像传感器 )的原理与结构 ,并介绍了发展现状。详细分析比较了CMOS图像传感器相对CCD的性能特点 ,讨论了CMOS图像传感器在空间技术中的可应用领域 ,尤其是在微纳型卫星遥感成像、姿态敏感方面替代CCD的应用可行性