下一代LC加速结构的研究进展

下一代正负电子直线对撞机（ＬＣ）是当今国际加速器研究领域的前沿课题。它自八十年代提出以来,对其关键技术、关键部件的研究取得重大进展。本文将介绍笔者近年来跟踪调研的有关下一代正负电子直线对撞机加速结构的研究进展情况,尤其是美国ＳＬＡＣ和日本ＫＥＫ在加速结构方面的最新进展     

有机超导体的临界温度已达117K

高温超导体的转变温度Ｔｃ 正沿着三条路线被提高 .其一是铜氧化合物超导体 ,从 1986年发现镧系的ＬＳＣＯ和钇系的ＹＢＣＯ ,至 1993年Ｔｌ 2 2 0 1超导体的Ｔｃ 已达到 133Ｋ ,而在加压的条件下 ,Ｈｇ系的Ｔｃ 可达 16 4Ｋ .其二是轻主族元素化合物 ,以 2 0 0 1年发现的Ｔｃ～ 4 0Ｋ的ＭｇＢ2 为代表 .其三是有机超导体 ,1979年发现的第一个电荷转移盐有机超导体 ,其Ｔｃ 在 1Ｋ以下 ,后来这类材料的Ｔｃ 提高到约10Ｋ[1,2 ] .1991年在碱金属Ａ掺杂的Ａ3 Ｃ60 大块超导体中 ,观察到的Ｔｃ 为 18Ｋ .近年来 ,美国贝尔实验室等一些研究机构 …     

激光分子束外延制备的BaTiO3及c取向YBa2Cu3O7-δ薄膜的生长模式

用反射式高能电子衍射（ＲＨＥＥＤ） 和原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ） 研究激光分子束制备的铁电ＢａＴｉＯ３ 和高Ｔｃ 超导ｃ 取向Ｙ１Ｂａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７ 薄膜的生长模式,ＢＴＯ 铁电薄膜是原子级平整的层状生长模式;ｃ 取向ＹＢＣＯ 超导薄膜是ＳＫ生长模式 当薄膜厚度小于５ 个原胞时,层状生长,然后是台阶岛状生长．处理ＳｒＴｉＯ３ 基片表面可以改变ｃ 取向ＹＢＣＯ薄膜的生长模式     

氢吸附对掺杂SnO2薄膜电子结构的影响

应用ＸＰＳ技术研究了掺杂ＳｎＯ２薄膜吸附Ｈ２前后电子结构的变化，观测到掺杂到Ｓｂ和Ｐｄ化学状态明显改变，发现掺杂剂Ｓｂ对ＳｎＯ２薄膜Ｆｅｍｉ能级的影响；同时，分析了掺杂Ｓｂ和Ｐｄ对ＳｎＯ２薄膜气敏特性的影响机制。     

在金属基片上激光沉积YBCO超导薄膜

介绍了在金属基片上激光沉积缓冲层和ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３ｏ７－ｘ（ＹＢＣＯ）高温超导薄膜的研究结果。在带ｙｔｔｒｉａ－ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｚｅｄ－ｚｉｒｃｏｎｉａ（ＹＳＺ）缓冲层的ＮｉＣｒ合金基片上,激光原位沉积出ＹＢＣＯ超导薄膜,薄膜的零电阻转变温度度４８Ｋ,７７Ｋ时临界电流密度约为２００Ａ／ｃｍ＾２;缓冲层的取向可以通过选择适当的沉积参数来改善;用扫描隧道电子显微镜对ＹＢＣＯ薄膜的微观结构分析表明：完善的螺     

超薄超导YBa2Cu3O7薄膜的外延生长和电阻温度关系

利用紫外脉冲激光源淀积生长氧化物薄膜的技术，我们在ＳｉＴｉＯ３衬底上成功地外延生长了超薄超导ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７薄膜样品．样品ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７层厚度分别为２．４ｎｍ至１０．８ｎｍ（二至九个原胞）．四端引线电阻法测量了样品的电阻温度关系和超导转变．超导零电阻温度分别为１６Ｋ至８１Ｋ．超薄超导薄膜样品显示当ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７层厚度达到和超过四个原胞层厚（９．６ｎｍ）时，厚度变化对样品超导零电阻转变的影响并不十分明显．实验观察到ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７层厚度对样品超导零电阻温度和超导起始转变影响不同．这说明样品中的缺陷对样品性能有着不容忽视的影响．超薄ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７超导薄膜样品的成功制备为进一步的研究提供了有利条件．     

Hg—1223超导薄膜的制备与特性

本首次报道了用离子注入的方法成功地获得了汞系超导体Ｈｇ－１２２３在ＳｒＴｉＯ３衬底上的薄膜材料。ＬＳＳ理论估算薄膜厚度约为２５０－３５０埃。交流磁化率的测量表明其超导转变温度为１１８Ｋ。     

Hg－1223超导薄膜的制备与特性

本文首次报道了用离子注入的方法成功地获得了汞系超导体Ｈｇ－１２２３在ＳｒＴｉＯ３衬底上的薄膜材料．ＬＳＳ理论估算薄膜厚度约为２５０—３５０埃．交流磁化率的测量表明其超导转变温度为１１８Ｋ．     

高温超导薄膜(Y0.6Ho0.4)Ba2Cu3O7-δ/SAT/MgO的制备

用脉冲激光沉积法在先在ＭｇＯ衬底上制备一层Ｓｒ２（ＡｌＴａ）Ｏ６薄膜作为过渡层,再制备（Ｙ０．６Ｈｏ０．４）Ｂａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ超导薄膜,新超导薄膜的零电阻温度Ｔｃ０为８９Ｋ,临界电流密度Ｊｃ为２．３＊１０＾６Ａ／ｃｍ＾２（７７Ｋ）,用Ｘ射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜分析了薄膜特性。     

有机电致发光器件及其稳定性问题

有机发光二极管（ＯＬＥＤｓ）即将实用化,但其稳定性仍是急需解决的关键问题。文章简要综述了ＯＬＥＤｓ及其稳定性问题,着重从ＯＬＥＤｓ的失效过程、水汽和氧气、电极材料及其界面对ＯＬＥＤｓ稳定性的影响、有机材料本身的稳定性等方面讨论了ＯＬＥＤｓ的稳定性。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.