虚拟二维激光雷达成像积分算法

虚拟二维激光雷达是激光雷达扩展应用的组成部分,可以结合3D场景点云特征进行二维激光雷达扫描障碍物模拟;提出根据光线传导特征建立积分方程得到了在多障碍物场景下的激光雷达图生成的解析解,利用AutoCAD与Visual C#联合编程的方法进行了虚拟激光雷达的实现;最后,实验结果与真实二维激光雷达比对,虚拟激光雷达能从3D场景中准确提取物体的位置和距离信息。     

邻井距离随钻电磁探测系统的设计与实现

虚拟二维激光雷达是激光雷达扩展应用的组成部分,可以结合3D场景点云特征进行二维激光雷达扫描障碍物模拟。提出根据光线传导特征建立积分方程得到了在多障碍物场景下的激光雷达图生成的解析解,利用AutoCAD与Visual C#联合编程的方法进行了虚拟激光雷达的实现。最后,实验结果与真实二维激光雷达比对,虚拟激光雷达能从3D场景中准确提取物体的位置和距离信息。     

连续波对激光雷达的电磁干扰效应

为检验连续波电磁环境下激光雷达的安全可靠性,以单线离轴激光雷达作为试验对象,进行了连续波作用下激光雷达电磁干扰效应试验。通过试验得到,当干扰天线极化方向不同时,同一激光雷达的敏感频率和频段也是不同的,而且干扰信号的敏感频率和敏感频段不同时,激光雷达受干扰的场强的大小不同,在同一敏感频率场强越大,激光雷达受干扰情况越严重;最后分析得到了该激光雷达受到干扰的原因, 为改进激光雷达,提高其电磁环境适应性提供了依据。     

信号延时叠加提高激光雷达探测信噪比

以激光雷达回波信号的频谱特征为基础,提出了用信号延时叠加来提高激光雷达探测信噪比的方法.通过实验测量获取了大量激光雷达回波信号,并以此为基础,讨论了信号延时叠加提高激光雷达探测信噪比的可行性.结果表明:在系统带宽50 MHz、回波脉宽30 ns的条件下,通过信号延时叠加可提高激光雷达的探测信噪比在40%以上,且存在最佳的延时时间.     

基于激光雷达平面实时定位研究

将激光雷达安置于坐标原点,利用激光雷达测定平面上目标点坐标(r,θ),实现对目标点的定位。为了避免激光雷达测量上的视野盲区,设置激光雷达在平面上360°旋转对空间进行扫描捕获目标点,为了消除激光雷达位于一固定点对目标点的定位,导致定位测量上数据的单一性,将激光雷达置于一移动平台,构建动态坐标系,测量与平台同平面目标点相对激光雷达位置的坐标(r_i,θ_i),通过坐标转换,将多次测量的坐标平均值作为目标点的定位坐标值,实现对平面上特征点的定位,最后利用MATLAB进行数据处理绘图。     

飞机激光雷达散射截面测量与分析

飞机激光雷达散射截面的测量,对于研究飞机激光散射特性以及评估探测系统至关重要.本文介绍了飞机激光雷达散射截面测量理论,设计了飞机激光雷达散射截面测量装置和测量方法,并通过实验验证了该装置与测量方法.在全尺寸真实飞机试验与测量过程中,通过对原始数据高斯补偿与背景修正,获得了误差小于7%的飞机激光雷达散射截面数据.实验结果表明,本文提出的飞机激光雷达散射截面测量与分析方法是正确的和有效的.     

利用Fernald迭代后向积分法反演低空探测机载激光雷达消光系数

进行低空探测的机载激光雷达消光系数反演存在着标定点选取和标定值确定两大困难.Fernald迭代后向积分法能够在不利用其它辅助没备的情况下,找到进行低空探测机载激光雷达消光系数反演所需的标定点和标定值.利用Fernald迭代后向积分法和Palm et a1.(2002)方法分别对青岛机载激光雷达实验数据进行处理,得到的两条消光系数廓线基本吻合.定蜃分析显示:利用Fernald迭代后向积分法进行机载激光雷达消光系数反演时,激光雷达比对消光系数反演结果影响很大;标定点的消光系数值及迭代判据的取值对机载激光雷达消光系数反演的结果影响较小.Fernald迭代后向积分法为不用其它辅助设备进行低空探测的机载激光雷达消光系数反演提供了一种可行的范例.     

云探测中的激光雷达技术研究进展

云宏微观参数的探测对云物理和气候变化研究具有重要意义。激光雷达是实现云宏微观参数高时空分辨率探测的有效的重要科学仪器。回顾和总结了激光雷达在云参数探测中的主要技术及其研究进展,讨论了激光雷达在云探测研究中的不足和局限性及目前在云探测应用中亟待解决的关键问题,展望了激光雷达未来在云探测中的应用潜力,并提出了研究思路与方案。内容涉及云检测和云相态识别的多波长及偏振激光雷达和云内温度、湿度、风速风向与垂直气流探测等激光雷达技术与方法,分析讨论了云系降水潜力探测的激光雷达应用案例。激光雷达对于探测初生云团及稀薄云层具有较好的穿透性及精细探测优势,但对于强对流云等厚云层,需将其与其他探测手段如微波雷达等联合观测,并开展多源数据融合技术研究,以实现云全生命周期的精细化监测。随着激光与光电子技术和大数据及人工智能技术的发展,激光雷达技术日趋成熟,面向业务化应用所需的系统稳定性、可靠性及探测能力的激光雷达产品将越来越受到气象与环境领域行业专家的关注,并将在云探测领域中发挥越来越重要的作用。     

探测大气温度和气溶胶的瑞利-拉曼-米氏散射激光雷达

研制了一台瑞利-拉曼-米氏散射激光雷达,实现了对流层和平流层大气温度和密度的探测。作为多参数大气探测系统,该激光雷达也实现了夜间至25km、白天至5km高度气溶胶的探测能力;其中激光雷达是探测平流层气溶胶最有效的手段之一。利用该激光雷达对目前合肥地区对流层温度、平流层逆温现象、对流层和平流层气溶胶做了探测和分析,并给出若干典型结果。分析表明,该激光雷达数据可靠,可用于大气温度、密度、气溶胶的常规观测和分析研究。     

基于生产者/消费者设计模式的荧光激光雷达数据采集系统

荧光激光雷达技术作为长距离探测有机气溶胶的主要手段之一,常用于有机气溶胶的探测、预警、识别与追踪,为了尽早发现有机气溶胶防止危害,提高荧光激光雷达系统探测时间分辨率及预警速度具有重要意义。针对以上荧光激光雷达对高时间分辨率、响应快的需求,提出了一种数据采集系统设计方案,该系统基于生产者/消费者模式将激光雷达信号探测过程分为数据生产和数据消费两模块,结合软件多线程技术降低了两模块的耦合度,提高了两模块的并行度,有效地缩短了荧光激光雷达的探测周期。测试结果表明,当荧光激光雷达多脉冲累加采集周期为100ms,单次触发采样点数量为20000时,激光雷达探测时间分辨率的实际提升率达到40.51%,且与理论公式具有良好的一致性,该系统可以应用于荧光激光雷达的高时间分辨率数据采集。     

A comparison method for spaceborne and ground-based lidar and its application to the CALIPSO lidar

A method is proposed to aid in the comparison of spaceborne lidar measurements with ground-based lidar measurements. The downward attenuated backscatter is constructed from ground-based lidar data, and then compared to the attenuated backscatter measured by spaceborne lidar. To test the accuracy of the method, sensitivity analysis is performed. This method is applied to compare the measurements between the CALIPSO lidar and ground-based lidar at Hampton University. The comparison results show this method is a feasible and reasonable approach for spaceborne lidar validation. Moreover, it can help to retrieve aerosol optical properties.     

米散射激光雷达测量大气水平能见度

激光雷达作为一种新型的大气观测工具，可以通过直接探测激光与大气相互作用的光辐射信号来定量地反演大气水平能见度，从而成为测量大气水平能见度的主要手段．正在研制的一台基于532nm波长的车载式米散射激光雷达，用于大气能见度的测量；简单介绍了正在研制的激光雷达的技术参数，给出了测量数据的处理方法；利用雷达的技术参数进行了模拟计算，显示了该激光雷达探测大气水平能见度的可靠性，计算误差显示在大气能见度为10km时该激光雷达的测量误差小于16％．     

Analysis of detectable range of multiple-slit streak tube imaging lidar

Multiple-slit streak tube imaging lidar is a promising flash imaging system. Its detectable range, affected by the detection of the unit sensitivity, operating mode, and visibility, are critical factors for the system design and applications. In order to discuss the lidar range measurement performance, a lidar equation based on the Lambert law is analyzed, and the relationship between the lidar detectable range and the emission power is simulated at different levels of visibility; the result shows that the detectable range of lidar developed in our laboratory reaches 2,500 m for a 23 km visibility. Outfield experiments were carried out to evaluate the system performance; a clear stripe image for a target located 1386 m away was gained under the condition of 15 km visibility. Finally, parameters that affect the lidar detectable range are discussed, and relevant methods to improve the lidar performance are proposed.     

Development of a SNR parameterization scheme for general lidar assessment

We present a general methodology for evaluating the capabilities of a general lidar system encompassing both backscatter (elastic and Raman lidar) and topographic targets. By introducing a well-defined atmospheric reference medium and by individually examining and decomposing the contributions of lidar system parameters including lidar transmitter power, field of view, receiver noise, atmospheric conditions, and sky background on the signal-to-noise ratio, we obtain a simple dimensionless parameterization of the lidar system. Using this parameterization, numerical simulations are carried out to determine achievable lidar performance including operation range, minimum detectable gas concentration, and so on.This revised version was published online in August 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

非共轴激光雷达几何因子分析与测量

介绍了非共轴激光雷达几何因子的物理意义,分别通过理论分析和试验测量给出了求解几何因子的方法。结合自行研制的CSY-1便携式能见度激光雷达,将两种方法得到的几何因子进行对比,讨论了系统参数对几何因子的影响,从而实现了对激光雷达系统优化设计的可能性。     

Lidar model with parameterized multiple scattering for retrieving cloud optical properties

Cirrus clouds play an important role in the climate through their optical and microphysical properties. The problem with measuring optical properties of these clouds can be partially addressed by using lidar systems. This paper presents a new model for describing the multiple scattering contribution to the backscatter signal measured by the lidar system. The new lidar equation introduced this way, expresses the backscatter signal in terms of a polynomial function of the cloud scattering coefficient. Cloud optical properties such as the extinction coefficient and lidar ratio can be deduced from the new proposed lidar equation. Moreover, some cloud microphysical properties can also be inferred from these optical properties. The method is applied to lidar data collected by the micropulsed lidar operating at Nauru under the auspices of the US Department of Energy ARM program.     

Lidar dynamic range compression by using a membrane mirror light shutter

A lidar system employing a membrane mirror light shutter, MMLS, for dynamic range compression is demonstrated in this paper. The use of the MMLS allows the dynamic range of the lidar to be compressed by more than 2 orders of magnitude and, at the same time, the strong near-field optical return is avoided. Important parameters for an MMLS used in lidar are described and their measurements in a lidar configuration are presented. The decompression in the lidar data retrieval caused by using the MMLS is discussed.     

Retrieving the aerosol lidar ratio profile by combining ground- and space-based elastic lidars

The aerosol lidar ratio is a key parameter for the retrieval of aerosol optical properties from elastic lidar, which changes largely for aerosols with different chemical and physical properties. We proposed a method for retrieving the aerosol lidar ratio profile by combining simultaneous ground- and space-based elastic lidars. The method was tested by a simulated case and a real case at 532 nm wavelength. The results demonstrated that our method is robust and can obtain accurate lidar ratio and extinction coefficient profiles. Our method can be useful for determining the local and global lidar ratio and validating space-based lidar datasets.     

基于压缩光的量子激光雷达技术

利用Wigner函数对真空态、单光子态、压缩态在相空间的噪声分布进行仿真,并系统分析了基于压缩光的量子相干激光雷达和压缩光注入式量子激光雷达.研究表明,相比经典激光雷达,较高压缩度有利于量子相干激光雷达探测信噪比的提升,理论上8dB的压缩度可以使信噪比提高6.25倍;而压缩光注入式量子激光雷达系统的空间分辨率主要取决于真空压缩光的压缩度和无噪声相敏放大系统的增益.由于压缩光对探测信噪比的提升作用,量子激光雷达在微弱信号探测和高分辨率成像领域具有显著优势.     

Metal fluorescence lidar (light detection and ranging) and the middle atmosphere

Metal fluorescence lidar (light detection and ranging) has come of age as a tool for exploring the middle atmosphere. The Colorado State University sodium lidar system exemplifies these lidar systems, using a number of interesting techniques to achieve measurements of temperature and wind speed in the middle atmosphere. This and other fluorescence lidar systems have illuminated a number of interesting properties of the mesopause region (within the middle atmosphere). This paper reviews both the laboratory physics necessary to construct fluorescence lidar systems, and the advances in atmospheric science that have resulted from the data collected.